A unique case of tetraploid pregnancy following a frozen embryo transfer in an intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle

Abstract Background: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a kind of assisted reproductive technique mainly used for severe infertility problems associated with male factor. In this technique, a single spermatozoa is injected into the oocyte's cytoplasm, thereby eliminating multispermic fertilization. Case report: Here we report a case of a couple with primary infertility. Gynecologic exam, basal hormone levels, and hysterosalpingography were within normal limits. Sperm analyses were reported as severe oligoasthenoteratospermia. Peripheral blood karyotype analyzes of the couple were normal. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and ICSI were planned. A single 4AB (Gardner blastocyst scoring) quality embryo that reached the blastocyst stage was transferred. The bhCG value on the 12th day after the transfer was 444 mIU/L. Gestational sac were observed on transvaginal ultrasound on 22nd day following embryo transfer. At the following exams, missed abortus was diagnosed, pregnancy evacuation was performed at the 9th week of the pregnancy, and material were separated for karyotyping. After cell culture for cytogenesis, it was reported as tetraploidy (92,XXYY). Conclusion: Chromosomal segregation anomalies as mitotic failure following zygote stage can be considered for the development of multiploid embryos among ICSI cycles. Keywords: ICSI, tetraploidy, male infertility, assisted reproductive technology