Picturing Diversity: Patterns of Race/Ethnicity and Gender Representation on Corporate Websites

Picturing Diversity: Patterns of Race/Ethnicity and Gender Representation on Corporate Websites | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Picturing Diversity: Patterns of Race/Ethnicity and Gender Representation on Corporate Websites Sekou Bermiss, John R. M. Hand This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7894007/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We measure, describe, evaluate and offer initial explanations for the levels of and intertemporal changes in the racial/ethnic and male/female diversities of the adults shown on the DEI page of S&P 500® firms’ websites before George Floyd’s murder (Q4:2019), after George Floyd’s murder (Q4:2024), and after President Trump’s second presidential term began (Q2:2025). Defining racial/ethnic and male/female diversity as being optimally representative when their densities match the US adult population, we report five main findings. [1] Racial/ethnic densities pre-George Floyd reflected an imbalance in representation: Asians and Blacks were over-represented, while Hispanics and Whites were under-represented. [2] Black female over-representation and White male under-representation increased post-George Floyd. [3] Post-President Trump II, Asians and Blacks remain over-represented, Hispanics and Whites under-represented. [4] Similar but smaller racial/ethnic misrepresentations are present on firms’ Home and About Us pages. [5] Whereas pre-George Floyd, male/female densities on DEI webpages matched the US adult population, after George Floyd’s murder females have been over-represented. We offer the preliminary explanations that our race/ethnicity findings reflect firms’ responses to internal and external pressures arising from U.S. social movements of the 2010s, which were galvanized by a series of police-involved shootings of Black victims, whereas Asian/Hispanic over-/under-representations stem from large differences in educational qualifications that lead firms for profit-maximizing reasons aimed at recruiting the best prepared talent to visually connect more with Asian than with Hispanic visitors to their DEI, Home and About Us pages. October 31, 2025 Corporate websites DEI densities diversity gender race/ethnicity under-/over-representation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 24 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 18 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7894007","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":544061654,"identity":"1cf224e1-e040-4e94-9210-b51f11b53d4b","order_by":0,"name":"Sekou Bermiss","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sekou","middleName":"","lastName":"Bermiss","suffix":""},{"id":544061655,"identity":"45af9d09-318c-4e3e-a5bf-6e431624f87c","order_by":1,"name":"John R. M. 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Defining racial/ethnic and male/female diversity as being optimally representative when their densities match the US adult population, we report five main findings. [1] Racial/ethnic densities pre-George Floyd reflected an imbalance in representation: Asians and Blacks were over-represented, while Hispanics and Whites were under-represented. [2] Black female over-representation and White male under-representation increased post-George Floyd. [3] Post-President Trump II, Asians and Blacks remain over-represented, Hispanics and Whites under-represented. [4] Similar but smaller racial/ethnic misrepresentations are present on firms\u0026rsquo; Home and About Us pages. [5] Whereas pre-George Floyd, male/female densities on DEI webpages matched the US adult population, after George Floyd\u0026rsquo;s murder females have been over-represented. We offer the preliminary explanations that our race/ethnicity findings reflect firms\u0026rsquo; responses to internal and external pressures arising from U.S. social movements of the 2010s, which were galvanized by a series of police-involved shootings of Black victims, whereas Asian/Hispanic over-/under-representations stem from large differences in educational qualifications that lead firms for profit-maximizing reasons aimed at recruiting the best prepared talent to visually connect more with Asian than with Hispanic visitors to their DEI, Home and About Us pages.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOctober 31, 2025\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Picturing Diversity: Patterns of Race/Ethnicity and Gender Representation on Corporate Websites","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-13 08:31:07","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7894007/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-03T12:51:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-02T21:05:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-25T04:53:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-20T07:35:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"148936335577058392216406990217554277783","date":"2025-11-10T19:22:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"59281440638467982470894340241675825875","date":"2025-11-08T21:13:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"318008027703823715923732203204622728372","date":"2025-11-05T03:20:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-03T17:55:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-03T14:59:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-03T11:59:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy","date":"2025-10-18T14:13:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-economics-race-and-policy","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jerp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy](https://link.springer.com/journal/41996)","snPcode":"41996","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/41996/3","title":"Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"fa52cdc0-b067-4780-8e23-6ffd5259f0ae","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-03T12:53:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-13 08:31:07","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7894007","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7894007","identity":"rs-7894007","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}