Knowledge About Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Literature Review

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an uncommon genetic fault that results in persistent episodes of fever and inflammation in various parts of the body. FMF is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene, which codes for the inflammation-regulating protein pyrin. It affects mainly people of Mediterranean origin, but it can occur in any racial group. FMF symptoms often begin in childhood and range in intensity and frequency. The episodes range from a few hours to a few days and end spontaneously. The patients are often symptom-free in between bouts. However, some patients may experience side effects including amyloidosis, a dangerous disorder brought on by the buildup of an aberrant protein called amyloid in the organs, particularly the kidney. The diagnosis of FMF is based on the clinical criteria, the family history, and the genetic testing. The prescription of colchicine, a medication that prevents amyloidosis and lessens the frequency and intensity of episodes, is the standard therapy for FMF. Being a chronic illness, FMF needs frequent monitoring and commitment to therapy. With adequate care, most FMF patients may lead normal and productive lives.