Characteristics on modified complex of Red Mud and Phosphogypsum and its soil substrates utilization

Characteristics on modified complex of Red Mud and Phosphogypsum and its soil substrates utilization | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Characteristics on modified complex of Red Mud and Phosphogypsum and its soil substrates utilization Bin Liu, Zuyong Chen, Fang Liu, Jian Zhu, Yuansheng Liu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5764117/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Red mud and phosphogypsum are by-products in the production process of aluminum manufacturing and phosphorus chemical industry respectively. PO 4 3− , F − and Cd 2+ in phosphogypsum and Na + plasma in red mud will leach into water and soil after raining, which declines the ecological environment quality. Therefore, it is necessary to research the modification on red mud and phosphogypsum, and technologies of their soil substrates utilization. In this study, ferric chloride and sodium silicate were used to modify the red mud and phosphogypsum, and the control effect and mechanism of the modifiers on relevant pollutants were discussed. The study further explored the optimal ratio of this complex substrates and its growth effect on wheat grass through pot experiment. The results showed that the single modification process of ferric chloride on red mud reduced its pH value from 10.76 to 8.51–10.05, and improved its crystal and pore structure; while the Na 2 SiO 3 treatment on phosphogypsum increased its pH value from 3.38 to 4.48–9.54, and significantly reduced the PO 4 3− (from 205.7 mg/L to 28.9 mg/L) and F − concentration (reduced to 3.77 mg/L) in the extraction. The relevant pollutants (pH, PO 4 3− , F − and heavy metal content) produced from the red mud and phosphogypsum modification complex (Spraying 1 mol/L FeCl 3 of 15% mass ratio in red mud and 1.4 mol/L Na 2 SiO 3 of 10% mass ratio in phosphogypsum) with a mass ratio of 7:3 all meet the highest allowable concentration requirements in the comprehensive sewage discharge standard. The pot experiment of ryegrass planting with such modification complex cultivated the dry weight of 18.82g and plant height of 21.63cm at 40 days, which was comparable to the growth effect of ryegrass in fresh soil (dry weight 21.63g and plant height 21.35 cm at 40 days). The modification mechanism realized stable dealkalinization of red mud and stable curing of soluble PO 4 3− and F − in phosphogypsum, which can be used as a soil-based substrate suitable for forage growth. And the optimizing ratio of modification complex even can be applied to soil and ecological remediation. red mud phosphogypsum modification complex soil and ecological remediation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5764117","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":398343732,"identity":"ae31f135-a8ab-4571-8b24-5f2120c2c5d2","order_by":0,"name":"Bin Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"College of resource and environmental engineering, Guizhou university, Guiyang","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bin","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":398343734,"identity":"63339215-b38f-4b5e-a32f-09e4751309d3","order_by":1,"name":"Zuyong Chen","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6ElEQVRIie2RsarCQBBFRwSrNbabRn9hJRAsRH9lJLCdYJnCImmS4mHvZ/gJGwe0WbG1EIyNWFhoaSNu0DpJKbw9cBkW7mEYFsBi+UWaJqFJD7I4x3BYU9Em/ZhI5FrW3FQoQBvpnpN1ddvZtumqwuMoTrQfYktBJ/3DUsUlRw6UvgQp0/4B2RG43q1KFUHM9x4JBY1lofALCD6tVkT2ogBON3+GgmopXp5FNAK1kYBYQ3HNFtMm7EdEHJVklbc4e+3d1ZzGxVc+nq9ht5MuyhVQ0OJmTKLvm5XXP0rzbsa4ummxWCz/ljcaHFethnPaxgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"College of agriculture, Guizhou university, Guiyang","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zuyong","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":398343736,"identity":"bf332738-a5e5-4b2e-87d2-26bf2c3830e2","order_by":2,"name":"Fang Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"College of resource and environmental engineering, Guizhou university, Guiyang","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fang","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":398343738,"identity":"4c8d4862-89f3-469e-8aa5-fe9d7f8a7a33","order_by":3,"name":"Jian Zhu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"College of resource and environmental engineering, Guizhou university, Guiyang","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jian","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhu","suffix":""},{"id":398343739,"identity":"8560811c-9e1f-45ca-908d-def9a3eccf72","order_by":4,"name":"Yuansheng Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"College of agriculture, Guizhou university, Guiyang","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuansheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-04 14:38:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5764117/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5764117/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":75801751,"identity":"a5d025c7-7fbb-423f-879b-6fd413261471","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-08 15:46:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1232360,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CharacteristicsonmodifiedcomplexofRedMudandPhosphogypsumanditssoilsubstratesutilization.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5764117/v1_covered_4b957001-b842-4b5a-8192-17d0165feeb8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Characteristics on modified complex of Red Mud and Phosphogypsum and its soil substrates utilization","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"red mud, phosphogypsum, modification complex, soil and ecological remediation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5764117/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5764117/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eRed mud and phosphogypsum are by-products in the production process of aluminum manufacturing and phosphorus chemical industry respectively. PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e, F\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003eand Cd\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e in phosphogypsum and Na\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e plasma in red mud will leach into water and soil after raining, which declines the ecological environment quality. Therefore, it is necessary to research the modification on red mud and phosphogypsum, and technologies of their soil substrates utilization. In this study, ferric chloride and sodium silicate were used to modify the red mud and phosphogypsum, and the control effect and mechanism of the modifiers on relevant pollutants were discussed. The study further explored the optimal ratio of this complex substrates and its growth effect on wheat grass through pot experiment. The results showed that the single modification process of ferric chloride on red mud reduced its pH value from 10.76 to 8.51\u0026ndash;10.05, and improved its crystal and pore structure; while the Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eSiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e treatment on phosphogypsum increased its pH value from 3.38 to 4.48\u0026ndash;9.54, and significantly reduced the PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e (from 205.7 mg/L to 28.9 mg/L) and F\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003econcentration (reduced to 3.77 mg/L) in the extraction. The relevant pollutants (pH, PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e, F\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e and heavy metal content) produced from the red mud and phosphogypsum modification complex (Spraying 1 mol/L FeCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e of 15% mass ratio in red mud and 1.4 mol/L Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eSiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e of 10% mass ratio in phosphogypsum) with a mass ratio of 7:3 all meet the highest allowable concentration requirements in the comprehensive sewage discharge standard. The pot experiment of ryegrass planting with such modification complex cultivated the dry weight of 18.82g and plant height of 21.63cm at 40 days, which was comparable to the growth effect of ryegrass in fresh soil (dry weight 21.63g and plant height 21.35 cm at 40 days). The modification mechanism realized stable dealkalinization of red mud and stable curing of soluble PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e and F\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e in phosphogypsum, which can be used as a soil-based substrate suitable for forage growth. And the optimizing ratio of modification complex even can be applied to soil and ecological remediation.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Characteristics on modified complex of Red Mud and Phosphogypsum and its soil substrates utilization","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-01-08 03:31:16","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5764117/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"aa02f0e0-b39a-438d-81f3-232d01be0484","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 8th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-08T15:38:39+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-01-08 03:31:16","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5764117","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5764117","identity":"rs-5764117","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}