Effect of Storage Conditions on Content of 32 Pesticide Residues in Detox Waters

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This study evaluated the impact of storage conditions (ambient temperature and 4°C) over 72 hours on the concentrations of 32 pesticide residues commonly found in these ingredients. Changes in pesticide residue levels and their removal rates were analyzed during storage. Results demonstrated a consistent decrease in pesticide residue concentrations with longer storage durations under both conditions. Notably, at ambient temperature, the pesticide Clofentezine exhibited the highest removal rate of 89% after 72 hours. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of pesticide residues in aqueous media under varying storage conditions, contributing to improved safety practices for detox water preparation and storage. Detox water health pesticide removal rate temperature storage Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 1. INTRODUCTION Fruits and vegetables are vital sources of nutrients in human diets, playing a key role in maintaining health and preventing diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily intake of at least 400 grams (or five portions) of fruits and vegetables to lower the risk of certain noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disorders and specific cancers (WHO, 2019). However, the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture raises concerns about contamination in these essential foods, posing potential risks to human health (Philippe et al., 2021 ). Pesticides have been associated with adverse health outcomes, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, reproductive and respiratory disorders, and endocrine disruption (Sabarwal et al., 2018 ; Valcke et al., 2017 ). In recent years, the growing emphasis on weight management and the prevention of obesity has popularized various diet programs. Among these, detox diets have emerged as a prominent trend, aiming not only to support weight control but also to promote toxin elimination, boost immunity, and improve overall health (Klein and Kiat, 2015 ). A key component of detox diets is detox water—a beverage made by infusing water with fruits, vegetables, and herbs. These ingredients release phytochemicals into the water, offering potential health benefits (Ariyawansa and Ramanathan, 2021 ). Additionally, detox waters are low in fat, high in fiber, and cholesterol-free, making them a valuable tool in reducing the risk of obesity (Snyder and Clum, 2014 ). The ease of preparation has made detox water highly appealing to consumers. It is typically made by blending or infusing washed fruits and vegetables and is stored at either room temperature or in the refrigerator for consumption at regular intervals. Commonly used ingredients include cucumber, mint, green apple, lemon, and parsley. However, these fruits and vegetables are often contaminated with pesticide residues. Thirty-two pesticide residues, including Acetamiprid, Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, Clofentezine, Malathion, and Tebuconazole, are among the most frequently detected in fruits and vegetables (Toptanci et al., 2021 ; Zhang et al., 2023 ; Bakırcı et al., 2014 ). For instance, malathion is prevalent in lemons (0.100–0.482 mg/kg), while tebuconazole and pyrimethanil are commonly detected in apples (Aslantas et al., 2023 ; Zhao et al., 2023 ; Kowalska et al., 2022 ). Despite the growing popularity of detox water, there is limited research on the behavior and removal rates of pesticide residues in aqueous media during storage. This study aims to address this gap by examining the removal behavior of 32 commonly found pesticide residues in detox water under different storage conditions (ambient and cold temperature) over various time intervals. Pesticide residue concentrations were quantified using advanced analytical techniques, including HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, combined with the QuEChERS method. The methodology was validated following SANTE guidelines (SANTE/12682/2019). This study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of time and temperature on the removal rates of pesticide residues in detox water, offering critical insights for improving food safety and consumer health. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Reagents and chemicals All reagents were of analytical grade. All the standards were of high purity grade (> 95.0%) and standards were supplied by Chem. Service (West Chester, USA). The physicochemical properties of the pesticides are listed in Table 1 . Pesticide reference standards were used for analyzing pesticide residues. Individual stock solutions were prepared in acetonitrile and stored at -18°C. 2.2 Preparation of detox water The green apple, parsley, cucumber, mint and lemon were collected in year 2023 from local market of Balikesir, Turkey. Before analyses, vegetables were hand washed under running water then they were dried on filter paper until excessing all water. Before making detox water, vegetables were analysed before experiments to make sure that they were from any of the pesticides to be evaluated in this study. Detox water was from fresh vegetables (green apple, parsley, cucumber, mint and lemon) cut and put in a Vestel Mix and Go Smoothie Blender (Manisa, Turkey) and blending them. Fresh detox water was sprayed at a concentration of 50 µg/kg pesticide active substances. Table 1 Physicochemical properties of the pesticides No Analyte Type of pesticide Chemical group Molecular formula 1 Acetamiprid Insecticide Neonicotinoid C 10 H 11 ClN 4 2 Ametoctradin Fungicide Triazolopyrimide C 15 H 25 N 5 3 Azoxystrobin Fungicide Strobilurin C2 2 H 17 N 3 O 5 4 Boscalid Fungicide Pyridinecarboxamide C 18 H 12 Cl 2 N 2 O 5 Carbendazim Fungicide Benzimidazole C 9 H 9 N 3 O 2 6 Clofentezine Acaricide Tetrazine C 14 H 8 C l2 N 4 7 Clothianidine Insecticide Neonicotinoid C 6 H 8 ClN 5 O 2 S 8 Difenoconazole Fungicide Triazole C 19 H 17 Cl 2 N 3 O 3 9 Diflubenzuron Insecticide Benzoylurea C 14 H 9 ClF 2 N 2 O 2 10 Dimethomorph Fungicide Cinnamic acid C 21 H 22 ClNO 4 11 Emamectin Benzoate Insecticide Benzocid acid C 56 H 81 NO 15 12 Fluopyram Fungicide Benzamide C 16 H 11 ClF 6 N 2 O 13 Fenamidone Fungicide Imidazole C 17 H 17 N 3 OS 14 Fenbuconazole Fungicide Triazole C 19 H 17 ClN 4 15 Fenhexamid Fungicide Hydroxyanilide C 14 H 17 Cl 2 NO 2 16 Imazalil Fungicide Imidazole C 14 H 14 C 12 N 20 17 Kresoxim-Methyl Fungicide Strobilurin C 18 H 19 NO 4 18 Linuron Herbicide Urea C 9 H 10 Cl 2 N 2 O 2 19 Malathion Insecticide Organophosphate C 10 H 19 O 6 PS 2 20 Metalaxyl Fungicide Acylalanine C 15 H 21 NO 4 21 Propazine Herbicide Triazine C 9 H 16 ClN 5 22 Pyridaben Insecticide Pyridazinone C 19 H 25 ClN 2 OS 23 Pyridaphenthion Insecticide Organophosphate C 14 H 17 N 2 O 4 PS 24 Pyrimethanil Fungicide Anilinopyrimidine C 12 H 13 N 3 25 Spinosad (A) Insecticide Micro-organism derived C 41 H 65 NO 10 26 Spinosad (D) Insecticide Micro-organism derived C 42 H 67 NO 10 27 Spirodiclofen Insecticide Tetronic acid C 21 H 24 Cl 2 O 4 28 Sulfoxaflor Insecticide Sulfoximine C 10 H 10 F 3 N 3 OS 29 Tebuconazole Fungicide Triazole C 16 H 22 ClN 3 O 30 Thiacloprid Insecticide Neonicotinoid C 10 H 9 ClN 4 S 31 Triadimefon Fungicide Triazole C 14 H 16 ClN 3 O 2 32 Trifloxystrobin Fungicide Strobilurin C 20 H 19 F 3 N 2 O 4 2.3 Sample extraction and clean-up Pesticide residues was determined using extraction and clean up procedures in QuEChERS AOAC Method 2007.01 were performed according to Lehotay ( 2007 ). Analytical steps of QuEChERS- AOAC Method 2007.01 are shown in Fig. 1 . 2.4 LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS instruments and conditions Pesticide residue determination was performed using Shimadzu 8045 LC-MS/MS (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) and Agılent 8890A-7000D GC-MS/MS (Agilent Technologies USA). LC-MS/MS analyses was performed with Restek Biphenyl (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 2.7 µm) column. Samples were analyzed with the mobile phase (A) water with ammonium formate 5 mM, and 0.1% formic acid, and (B) methanol. The Agilent 7890A-7000D GC model was used for pesticide residue analyses. For pesticide separation HP-5MS colomn(30 m i.d. × 250µm x 0.25 µm) was used. The column was set at a constant flow rate of 3 mL/min using helium as carrier gas. The ion source and transfer line temperature was set at 280 ◦C and injection volume was 2 µL. 2.5 Statistical analysis Removal rates of residuals pesticides were evaluated by the following equations: Removal rate(%) = (m before – m after ) / m before x 100 (1) m before and m after refers to the mass of the residual pesticides in detox water before and after the storage, respectively. Cluster analyses was conducted using Origin 2025 software (OriginLab Corporation, USA). Heatmap is a graphical representation of data where the individual values contained in a matrix are represented as colors. Cluster analysis was carried out in the form of heat map to explore the difference of removal rate under different storage conditions. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Method validation The analytical method was validated by evaluating the recovery, linearity, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Matrix -matched calibration curves for each analyte was used for linearity of this method validation. The calibration curves were prepared in red pepper blank acetonitrile extracts using the multi-residue working solutions and filling up the volume with blank samples’ extracts. The calibration curves in red pepper were prepared in blank matrix using concentration of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 µg kg − 1 . Good linearity was achieved in the range studied. The LOD and LOQ were defined respectively as the signal corresponding to 3 and 10 times the noise ratio, determined experimentally from fortified samples (SANTE/12682/2019). Good linearity was achieved in all cases with correlation coefficients better than 0.990. Good recovery values was achieved in the range studied. The accuracy of this method for all tested pesticide in the range of 70–120% and the values fulfilled the requirements of Document SANTE/12682/2019 (European Commission, 2019 ). 3.2 The removal rate of pesticides during storage ambient temperature The removal rates of 32 pesticide residues in detox water during ambient storage are presented in Fig. 2 . Initial pesticide concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 mg/kg, which decreased to 0–0.03 mg/kg after 72 hours of storage. After 24 hours at ambient temperature, 13 pesticides (Clothianidine, Emamectin Benzoate, Pyridaben, Pyridaphenthion, Spinosad [D], Thiacloprid, Azoxystrobin, Carbendazim, Difenoconazole, Fenamidone, Imazalil, Metalaxyl, Triadimefon, Linuron, Clofentezine) exhibited removal rates exceeding 50%. Among these, Azoxystrobin showed the highest reduction rate at 72%, while Fenamidone had the lowest at 18%. Removal rates increased substantially after 48 hours, with all pesticides except Tebuconazole exceeding a 50% reduction. At this point, Kresoxim-methyl exhibited the highest removal rate (79%), whereas Ametocradin displayed the lowest (55%). By the end of 72 hours, reduction rates ranged between 42% (Tebuconazole) and 89% (Clofentezine). Notably, Emamectin Benzoate, Pyridaben, Triadimefon, and Clofentezine achieved removal rates above 80%. These findings align with Karaca ( 2019 ), who reported significant reductions in Azoxystrobin, Carbendazim, and Trifloxystrobin residues during cold storage of table grapes. Similarly, studies by Bian et al. ( 2018 , 2021 , 2024 ) observed a decline in Malathion and Diazinon residues during ambient storage of cucumber, cowpea, and celery. To further analyze the behavior of pesticide residues, heatmaps were generated to illustrate trends over 24, 48, and 72 hours under both ambient and cold storage conditions (Fig. 3 ). The heatmaps provided a clear visualization of how storage time influenced pesticide removal. Vertical clustering analysis grouped storage durations into two main clusters: 24 hours in one cluster, and 48 and 72 hours in another. This indicates that storage time became a significant factor in pesticide removal after 24 hours. For example, Tebuconazole demonstrated limited removal throughout storage, forming a distinct group in the clustering analysis, while other pesticides showed greater reductions with extended storage. Horizontal clustering of pesticides further revealed two primary groups: Tebuconazole as one group and the remaining pesticides as another. As storage time increased, pesticide removal rates consistently improved under ambient conditions. This analysis highlights the critical role of extended storage in enhancing the removal of pesticide residues from detox water, particularly for most pesticides except Tebuconazole. 3.3 The removal rates of pesticides during storage cold temperature The reduction rates of 32 pesticide residues in detox water during cold storage are presented in Fig. 4 . After 72 hours of storage at 4°C, pesticide residue levels ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 mg/kg. Overall, the reduction rates increased with storage duration. After 24 hours, 15 pesticides (Diflubenzuron, Spinosad [A], Spinosad [D], Sulfoxaflor, Ametoctradin, Boscalid, Difenoconazole, Dimethomorph, Fluopyram, Fenamidone, Fenbuconazole, Fenhexamid, Imazalil, Propazine, and Clofentezine) showed no reduction, indicating a lag phase under cold conditions. By 48 hours, Triadimefon exhibited the highest reduction rate at 61%, whereas Ametoctradin had the lowest at 4%. At the end of 72 hours, the removal rates exceeded 50% for only 7 pesticides (Emamectin Benzoate, Pyridaphenthion, Carbendazim, Kresoxim-Methyl, Metalaxyl, Triadimefon, and Linuron). Among these, Kresoxim-Methyl displayed the highest removal rate (70%), while Ametoctradin again showed the lowest (6%). The specific reduction rates of key pesticides after 72 hours at 4°C were as follows: Acetamiprid (38%), Azoxystrobin (36%), Boscalid (14%), Malathion (40%), Pyrimethanil (49%), and Tebuconazole (44%). These results are consistent with previous studies. For instance, Soliman Bian et al. ( 2021 ) reported fluctuations in pesticide levels, including dichlorvos, diazinon, and malathion, in cowpeas stored at varying temperatures (− 20°C, 4°C, and ambient). Nevertheless, reductions were observed across all storage conditions, with 72-hour cold storage resulting in similar pesticide reduction rates to those reported in our study. Our findings also align with Bilkova et al. ( 2022 ), who observed that Boscalid exhibited higher stability during low-temperature storage of sweet cherries (1.2–1.6°C), while Acetamiprid and Tebuconazole demonstrated greater reductions compared to Boscalid by the end of storage. Clustering analysis (Fig. 5 ) highlighted distinct groupings for storage durations. Similar to ambient storage, two main clusters were identified: one for 24 hours and another encompassing 48 and 72 hours. Pesticide distribution patterns were also analyzed horizontally, revealing two clusters. The first included Ametoctradin, Boscalid, Clofentezine, Fenamidone, and Diflubenzuron, while the second contained the remaining pesticides. As shown in Fig. 6 , the removal rates of pesticides increased progressively with storage time, confirming the influence of storage conditions on pesticide behavior. Notably, reductions in pesticide residues were greater under ambient storage compared to cold storage. These observations align with findings by Liang et al. ( 2012 ), who reported significant reductions in pesticide residues during ambient storage (25°C) of cucumber compared to cold storage (4°C). Similar trends were observed by Bian et al. ( 2021 ), who noted higher reductions in diazinon and malathion in cowpeas stored at ambient temperature compared to cold conditions. The differences in pesticide reduction rates between ambient and cold storage may be attributed to variations in enzymatic activity in homogenized detox water samples. Enzymes likely exhibit higher activity under ambient conditions, accelerating the degradation of pesticide residues, as suggested by Bian et al. ( 2021 ). These findings underscore the importance of storage conditions in determining pesticide residue levels in detox waters and provide a basis for optimizing preparation and storage practices to ensure consumer safety. CONCLUSION This study investigated the removal rates of 32 pesticide residues in detox water under ambient and cold storage conditions over 24, 48, and 72 hours. Storage time and temperature were found to significantly influence pesticide degradation. Ambient storage conditions, due to higher temperatures, facilitated greater pesticide volatilization and degradation compared to cold storage. However, certain pesticides with low removal rates demonstrated strong resistance to degradation, underscoring their persistence even under favorable conditions for volatilization. These findings provide valuable insights into the degradation behavior of pesticide residues in detox water and highlight the importance of storage conditions in mitigating pesticide contamination. By identifying persistent pesticides, this study contributes to the understanding of food safety risks associated with detox water preparation and storage. Future research should focus on exploring enzymatic and chemical factors influencing pesticide degradation in aqueous media and evaluating alternative methods to enhance pesticide removal for safer consumption. Declarations Funding The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript. Competing Interests The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Author Contributions All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [Saliha Gökduman]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Sezer Kıralan] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Data availability Data and materials would be available on reasonable request. Ethical approval The authors acknowledge that the current research has been conducted ethically. We declare that this manuscript does not involve research about humans or animals, hence this section is not applicable to the present study. Consent to participate All authors approve and consent to participate in this research. Consent for publication All authors have approved and consented to publish this paper. References Ariyawansa, G. P., Ramanathan, R. (2021). Antioxidative Potential and Phytochemical Content of Detox Water. Advanced Journal of Graduate Research, 10(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.10.1.41-50 Aslantas, S., Golge, O., González-Curbelo, M. Á., Kabak, B. (2023). Determination of 355 pesticides in lemon and lemon juice by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. Foods , 12 (9), 1812. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091812 Bakırcı, G. T., Acay, D. B. Y., Bakırcı, F., Ötleş, S. (2014). Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region, Turkey. Food chemistry , 160 , 379-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.051 Bian, Y., Liu, F., Chen, F., Sun, P. 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LWT , 178 , 114610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114610 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 11 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in Environmental Science and Pollution Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revision 26 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Jan, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 14 Jan, 2025 Editor invited by journal 05 Dec, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 28 Nov, 2024 First submitted to journal 27 Nov, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5534617","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":401947998,"identity":"68bf3f27-62dc-48cb-aaf1-85727424080d","order_by":0,"name":"sezer 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2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":110000,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRemoval rates of 32 pesticides after storage at ambient temperature.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5534617/v1/fa3a3f50de1d65d0e78d8485.png"},{"id":73933618,"identity":"fed14704-f76a-4e4a-825e-c54fbf214ecb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-16 06:37:11","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":98543,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHeatmap of the removal rates of pesticides at ambient temperature\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5534617/v1/80d220e16716452b8db1e676.png"},{"id":73933406,"identity":"dc00729a-38c8-4011-856b-6aeea723f28d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-16 06:29:11","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":101997,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRemoval rates of 32 pesticides after storage at cold temperature.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5534617/v1/31e881765cc6567daedcaa61.png"},{"id":73933405,"identity":"e519b0d1-0317-485b-9783-9d5a10713af7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-16 06:29:11","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":107804,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHeatmap of the removal rates of pesticides at cold temperature\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5534617/v1/6ba056e22687bca5aeb6822b.png"},{"id":73933407,"identity":"6d1c5bde-48a8-4bb6-b377-3de6039f7bc2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-16 06:29:11","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":32001,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHeatmap of the removal rates of pesticides in detox water after storage under ambient and cold storage conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5534617/v1/12ab546783e247186842c678.png"},{"id":89310568,"identity":"46371555-d275-4f34-a451-f8dc5b735116","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-18 16:08:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1139849,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5534617/v1/985c773d-0433-4b2c-882f-22419e6adde5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Effect of Storage Conditions on Content of 32 Pesticide Residues in Detox Waters","fulltext":[{"header":"1. INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eFruits and vegetables are vital sources of nutrients in human diets, playing a key role in maintaining health and preventing diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a daily intake of at least 400 grams (or five portions) of fruits and vegetables to lower the risk of certain noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disorders and specific cancers (WHO, 2019). However, the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture raises concerns about contamination in these essential foods, posing potential risks to human health (Philippe et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Pesticides have been associated with adverse health outcomes, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, reproductive and respiratory disorders, and endocrine disruption (Sabarwal et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Valcke et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn recent years, the growing emphasis on weight management and the prevention of obesity has popularized various diet programs. Among these, detox diets have emerged as a prominent trend, aiming not only to support weight control but also to promote toxin elimination, boost immunity, and improve overall health (Klein and Kiat, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). A key component of detox diets is detox water\u0026mdash;a beverage made by infusing water with fruits, vegetables, and herbs. These ingredients release phytochemicals into the water, offering potential health benefits (Ariyawansa and Ramanathan, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, detox waters are low in fat, high in fiber, and cholesterol-free, making them a valuable tool in reducing the risk of obesity (Snyder and Clum, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ease of preparation has made detox water highly appealing to consumers. It is typically made by blending or infusing washed fruits and vegetables and is stored at either room temperature or in the refrigerator for consumption at regular intervals. Commonly used ingredients include cucumber, mint, green apple, lemon, and parsley. However, these fruits and vegetables are often contaminated with pesticide residues. Thirty-two pesticide residues, including Acetamiprid, Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, Clofentezine, Malathion, and Tebuconazole, are among the most frequently detected in fruits and vegetables (Toptanci et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Zhang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Bakırcı et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). For instance, malathion is prevalent in lemons (0.100\u0026ndash;0.482 mg/kg), while tebuconazole and pyrimethanil are commonly detected in apples (Aslantas et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Zhao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Kowalska et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite the growing popularity of detox water, there is limited research on the behavior and removal rates of pesticide residues in aqueous media during storage. This study aims to address this gap by examining the removal behavior of 32 commonly found pesticide residues in detox water under different storage conditions (ambient and cold temperature) over various time intervals. Pesticide residue concentrations were quantified using advanced analytical techniques, including HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, combined with the QuEChERS method. The methodology was validated following SANTE guidelines (SANTE/12682/2019). This study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of time and temperature on the removal rates of pesticide residues in detox water, offering critical insights for improving food safety and consumer health.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Reagents and chemicals\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll reagents were of analytical grade. All the standards were of high purity grade (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;95.0%) and standards were supplied by Chem. Service (West Chester, USA). The physicochemical properties of the pesticides are listed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Pesticide reference standards were used for analyzing pesticide residues. Individual stock solutions were prepared in acetonitrile and stored at -18\u0026deg;C.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Preparation of detox water\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe green apple, parsley, cucumber, mint and lemon were collected in year 2023 from local market of Balikesir, Turkey. Before analyses, vegetables were hand washed under running water then they were dried on filter paper until excessing all water. Before making detox water, vegetables were analysed before experiments to make sure that they were from any of the pesticides to be evaluated in this study. Detox water was from fresh vegetables (green apple, parsley, cucumber, mint and lemon) cut and put in a Vestel Mix and Go Smoothie Blender (Manisa, Turkey) and blending them. Fresh detox water was sprayed at a concentration of 50 \u0026micro;g/kg pesticide active substances.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysicochemical properties of the pesticides\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalyte\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eType of pesticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMolecular formula\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcetamiprid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeonicotinoid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmetoctradin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriazolopyrimide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e25\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAzoxystrobin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrobilurin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC2\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBoscalid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyridinecarboxamide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarbendazim\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenzimidazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClofentezine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcaricide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTetrazine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eC\u003csub\u003el2\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClothianidine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeonicotinoid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifenoconazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiflubenzuron\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenzoylurea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eClF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimethomorph\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCinnamic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eClNO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmamectin Benzoate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenzocid acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e56\u003c/sub\u003e H\u003csub\u003e81\u003c/sub\u003e NO\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluopyram\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenzamide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e11\u003c/sub\u003eClF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFenamidone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImidazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eOS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFenbuconazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFenhexamid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydroxyanilide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImazalil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImidazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eC\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKresoxim-Methyl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrobilurin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e18\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinuron\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHerbicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalathion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganophosphate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003ePS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMetalaxyl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcylalanine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e15\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePropazine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHerbicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriazine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyridaben\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyridazinone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e25\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eOS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyridaphenthion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganophosphate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003ePS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrimethanil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnilinopyrimidine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e13\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpinosad (A)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicro-organism derived\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e41\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e65\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpinosad (D)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicro-organism derived\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e42\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e67\u003c/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpirodiclofen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTetronic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e21\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e24\u003c/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSulfoxaflor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSulfoximine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eOS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTebuconazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e22\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThiacloprid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsecticide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeonicotinoid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e10\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriadimefon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriazole\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e14\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e16\u003c/sub\u003eClN\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrifloxystrobin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFungicide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrobilurin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003csub\u003e20\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e19\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Sample extraction and clean-up\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide residues was determined using extraction and clean up procedures in QuEChERS AOAC Method 2007.01 were performed according to Lehotay (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e). Analytical steps of QuEChERS- AOAC Method 2007.01 are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS instruments and conditions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePesticide residue determination was performed using Shimadzu 8045 LC-MS/MS (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) and Agılent 8890A-7000D GC-MS/MS (Agilent Technologies USA).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eLC-MS/MS analyses was performed with Restek Biphenyl (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 2.7 \u0026micro;m) column. Samples were analyzed with the mobile phase (A) water with ammonium formate 5 mM, and 0.1% formic acid, and (B) methanol.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Agilent 7890A-7000D GC model was used for pesticide residue analyses. For pesticide separation HP-5MS colomn(30 m i.d. \u0026times; 250\u0026micro;m x 0.25 \u0026micro;m) was used. The column was set at a constant flow rate of 3 mL/min using helium as carrier gas. The ion source and transfer line temperature was set at 280 ◦C and injection volume was 2 \u0026micro;L.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5 Statistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemoval rates of residuals pesticides were evaluated by the following equations:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemoval rate(%) = (m\u003csub\u003ebefore\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026ndash; m\u003csub\u003eafter\u003c/sub\u003e) / m\u003csub\u003ebefore\u003c/sub\u003e x 100 (1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003em\u003csub\u003ebefore\u003c/sub\u003e and m\u003csub\u003eafter\u003c/sub\u003e refers to the mass of the residual pesticides in detox water before and after the storage, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCluster analyses was conducted using Origin 2025 software (OriginLab Corporation, USA). Heatmap is a graphical representation of data where the individual values contained in a matrix are represented as colors. Cluster analysis was carried out in the form of heat map to explore the difference of removal rate under different storage conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Method validation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analytical method was validated by evaluating the recovery, linearity, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Matrix -matched calibration curves for each analyte was used for linearity of this method validation. The calibration curves were prepared in red pepper blank acetonitrile extracts using the multi-residue working solutions and filling up the volume with blank samples’ extracts. The calibration curves in red pepper were prepared in blank matrix using concentration of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 µg kg\u003csup\u003e− 1\u003c/sup\u003e. Good linearity was achieved in the range studied. The LOD and LOQ were defined respectively as the signal corresponding to 3 and 10 times the noise ratio, determined experimentally from fortified samples (SANTE/12682/2019). Good linearity was achieved in all cases with correlation coefficients better than 0.990. Good recovery values was achieved in the range studied. The accuracy of this method for all tested pesticide in the range of 70–120% and the values fulfilled the requirements of Document SANTE/12682/2019 (European Commission, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 The removal rate of pesticides during storage ambient temperature\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe removal rates of 32 pesticide residues in detox water during ambient storage are presented in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Initial pesticide concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 mg/kg, which decreased to 0–0.03 mg/kg after 72 hours of storage. After 24 hours at ambient temperature, 13 pesticides (Clothianidine, Emamectin Benzoate, Pyridaben, Pyridaphenthion, Spinosad [D], Thiacloprid, Azoxystrobin, Carbendazim, Difenoconazole, Fenamidone, Imazalil, Metalaxyl, Triadimefon, Linuron, Clofentezine) exhibited removal rates exceeding 50%. Among these, Azoxystrobin showed the highest reduction rate at 72%, while Fenamidone had the lowest at 18%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemoval rates increased substantially after 48 hours, with all pesticides except Tebuconazole exceeding a 50% reduction. At this point, Kresoxim-methyl exhibited the highest removal rate (79%), whereas Ametocradin displayed the lowest (55%). By the end of 72 hours, reduction rates ranged between 42% (Tebuconazole) and 89% (Clofentezine). Notably, Emamectin Benzoate, Pyridaben, Triadimefon, and Clofentezine achieved removal rates above 80%. These findings align with Karaca (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), who reported significant reductions in Azoxystrobin, Carbendazim, and Trifloxystrobin residues during cold storage of table grapes. Similarly, studies by Bian et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) observed a decline in Malathion and Diazinon residues during ambient storage of cucumber, cowpea, and celery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo further analyze the behavior of pesticide residues, heatmaps were generated to illustrate trends over 24, 48, and 72 hours under both ambient and cold storage conditions (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe heatmaps provided a clear visualization of how storage time influenced pesticide removal. Vertical clustering analysis grouped storage durations into two main clusters: 24 hours in one cluster, and 48 and 72 hours in another. This indicates that storage time became a significant factor in pesticide removal after 24 hours. For example, Tebuconazole demonstrated limited removal throughout storage, forming a distinct group in the clustering analysis, while other pesticides showed greater reductions with extended storage. Horizontal clustering of pesticides further revealed two primary groups: Tebuconazole as one group and the remaining pesticides as another. As storage time increased, pesticide removal rates consistently improved under ambient conditions. This analysis highlights the critical role of extended storage in enhancing the removal of pesticide residues from detox water, particularly for most pesticides except Tebuconazole.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 The removal rates of pesticides during storage cold temperature\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe reduction rates of 32 pesticide residues in detox water during cold storage are presented in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. After 72 hours of storage at 4°C, pesticide residue levels ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 mg/kg. Overall, the reduction rates increased with storage duration. After 24 hours, 15 pesticides (Diflubenzuron, Spinosad [A], Spinosad [D], Sulfoxaflor, Ametoctradin, Boscalid, Difenoconazole, Dimethomorph, Fluopyram, Fenamidone, Fenbuconazole, Fenhexamid, Imazalil, Propazine, and Clofentezine) showed no reduction, indicating a lag phase under cold conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBy 48 hours, Triadimefon exhibited the highest reduction rate at 61%, whereas Ametoctradin had the lowest at 4%. At the end of 72 hours, the removal rates exceeded 50% for only 7 pesticides (Emamectin Benzoate, Pyridaphenthion, Carbendazim, Kresoxim-Methyl, Metalaxyl, Triadimefon, and Linuron). Among these, Kresoxim-Methyl displayed the highest removal rate (70%), while Ametoctradin again showed the lowest (6%). The specific reduction rates of key pesticides after 72 hours at 4°C were as follows: Acetamiprid (38%), Azoxystrobin (36%), Boscalid (14%), Malathion (40%), Pyrimethanil (49%), and Tebuconazole (44%). These results are consistent with previous studies. For instance, Soliman Bian et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) reported fluctuations in pesticide levels, including dichlorvos, diazinon, and malathion, in cowpeas stored at varying temperatures (− 20°C, 4°C, and ambient). Nevertheless, reductions were observed across all storage conditions, with 72-hour cold storage resulting in similar pesticide reduction rates to those reported in our study. Our findings also align with Bilkova et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), who observed that Boscalid exhibited higher stability during low-temperature storage of sweet cherries (1.2–1.6°C), while Acetamiprid and Tebuconazole demonstrated greater reductions compared to Boscalid by the end of storage.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClustering analysis (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) highlighted distinct groupings for storage durations. Similar to ambient storage, two main clusters were identified: one for 24 hours and another encompassing 48 and 72 hours. Pesticide distribution patterns were also analyzed horizontally, revealing two clusters. The first included Ametoctradin, Boscalid, Clofentezine, Fenamidone, and Diflubenzuron, while the second contained the remaining pesticides.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, the removal rates of pesticides increased progressively with storage time, confirming the influence of storage conditions on pesticide behavior. Notably, reductions in pesticide residues were greater under ambient storage compared to cold storage. These observations align with findings by Liang et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e), who reported significant reductions in pesticide residues during ambient storage (25°C) of cucumber compared to cold storage (4°C). Similar trends were observed by Bian et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), who noted higher reductions in diazinon and malathion in cowpeas stored at ambient temperature compared to cold conditions. The differences in pesticide reduction rates between ambient and cold storage may be attributed to variations in enzymatic activity in homogenized detox water samples. Enzymes likely exhibit higher activity under ambient conditions, accelerating the degradation of pesticide residues, as suggested by Bian et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). These findings underscore the importance of storage conditions in determining pesticide residue levels in detox waters and provide a basis for optimizing preparation and storage practices to ensure consumer safety.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study investigated the removal rates of 32 pesticide residues in detox water under ambient and cold storage conditions over 24, 48, and 72 hours. Storage time and temperature were found to significantly influence pesticide degradation. Ambient storage conditions, due to higher temperatures, facilitated greater pesticide volatilization and degradation compared to cold storage. However, certain pesticides with low removal rates demonstrated strong resistance to degradation, underscoring their persistence even under favorable conditions for volatilization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese findings provide valuable insights into the degradation behavior of pesticide residues in detox water and highlight the importance of storage conditions in mitigating pesticide contamination. By identifying persistent pesticides, this study contributes to the understanding of food safety risks associated with detox water preparation and storage. Future research should focus on exploring enzymatic and chemical factors influencing pesticide degradation in aqueous media and evaluating alternative methods to enhance pesticide removal for safer consumption.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [Saliha Gökduman]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Sezer Kıralan] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e Data and materials would be available on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e The authors acknowledge that the current research has been conducted ethically. We declare that this manuscript does not involve research about humans or animals, hence this section is not applicable to the present study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e All authors approve and consent to participate in this research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e All authors have approved and consented to publish this paper.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAriyawansa, G. P., Ramanathan, R. (2021). Antioxidative Potential and Phytochemical Content of Detox Water. 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Occurrence and risk exposure assessment of multiple pesticide residues in edible mint in China. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Food Composition and Analysis\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e116\u003c/em\u003e, 105071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105071\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhao, H., Li, R., Hu, J. (2023). Frequently used pesticides and their metabolites residues in apple and apple juice from markets across China: Occurrence and health risk assessment. \u003cem\u003eLWT\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e178\u003c/em\u003e, 114610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114610\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"espr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Science and Pollution Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/11356)","snPcode":"11356","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11356/3","title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Detox water, health, pesticide, removal rate, temperature, storage","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5534617/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5534617/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eDetox water, a beverage widely consumed for weight management and health benefits, is typically prepared using fruits and vegetables such as green apple, parsley, cucumber, mint, and lemon. This study evaluated the impact of storage conditions (ambient temperature and 4\u0026deg;C) over 72 hours on the concentrations of 32 pesticide residues commonly found in these ingredients. Changes in pesticide residue levels and their removal rates were analyzed during storage. Results demonstrated a consistent decrease in pesticide residue concentrations with longer storage durations under both conditions. Notably, at ambient temperature, the pesticide Clofentezine exhibited the highest removal rate of 89% after 72 hours. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of pesticide residues in aqueous media under varying storage conditions, contributing to improved safety practices for detox water preparation and storage.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effect of Storage Conditions on Content of 32 Pesticide Residues in Detox Waters","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-01-16 06:29:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5534617/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major Revision","date":"2025-02-27T03:46:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-01-14T10:21:22+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-01-14T10:20:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","date":"2024-12-05T10:54:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-11-29T04:05:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","date":"2024-11-28T01:36:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"espr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Science and Pollution Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/11356)","snPcode":"11356","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11356/3","title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0177c6fc-93a8-494c-8d6e-4aaa9138b78e","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 16th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-18T16:02:59+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5534617","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36842-1","journal":{"identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},"publishedOn":"2025-08-11 15:57:59","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 11th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-01-16 06:29:06","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36842-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36842-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5534617","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5534617","identity":"rs-5534617","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}