Design and performance study of fabric-based incontinence monitoring sensor

Design and performance study of fabric-based incontinence monitoring sensor | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Design and performance study of fabric-based incontinence monitoring sensor Jinli Zhou, Yunfei Li, Zheng Wang, Chaoran Yang, Fan Xiong, Chenxiao Wang, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231575/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In order to be able to monitor the urine leakage of incontinence patients in a long-time dynamic and continuous manner, a flexible fabric-based incontinence monitoring sensor was prepared by using moisture-sensitive composite fabrics, disposable diapers, and conductive yarns to design and screen the optimal sensing structure. In the simulation model wearing test, light, medium and heavy as the standard random drops, the test results show that: the maximum number of sensor monitoring up to 17 times, the lowest 12 times, the average amount of urine leakage can be monitored up to 150 mL, the monitoring accuracy rate of 100%. In the real life simulation wear test, the performance of the sensor was tested under static and dynamic in volunteers, respectively, and the results showed that: the sensor has the lowest urine frequency monitoring number of 2 times, the highest urine frequency monitoring number of 9 times, the total leakage of urine between 50–180 mL, and the accuracy of urine frequency monitoring reaches 100%, which can satisfy the daily use needs of incontinence patients. Health sciences/Urology Health sciences/Urology/Urogenital diseases Health sciences/Urology/Urogenital diseases/Urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence Incontinence monitoring sensor Fabric sensor Frequency of leakage Continuous monitoring Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Graphicformanuscript.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6231575","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":450120536,"identity":"222ae4fb-2a8f-4af1-a721-bc589c6c8999","order_by":0,"name":"Jinli Zhou","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAsklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfvbmAwYfIGwD4rRI9hxLKJzBwCBBvBaDGT4Gn3lI0yLBlrjZ5s/hOgb25m0SDDV3CGsxl24+bJzDc1iCgedYmQTDsWeEtVjOOZZmnCMB1CKRYybB2HCYCIfdyDH/bWEA1CL/hngtBsYMCSBbeIjUAgpkw54D6ZJtPGnFFgnHiNACjsoff6z5+dkPb7zxoYYILXDABiISSNAwCkbBKBgFowAPAACGKDYPsdw7DwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinli","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":450120537,"identity":"70793a3c-f8f0-4716-adfb-5f4a65b1d91f","order_by":1,"name":"Yunfei Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hangzhou Nbond Nonwovens Co., Ltd. HangZhou 310000","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yunfei","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":450120538,"identity":"0f3b584e-9401-44b4-a858-fcec14b3df83","order_by":2,"name":"Zheng Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhejiang Garden New Energy Corporation","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":450120539,"identity":"f7ad037a-a0e2-4231-ae1f-2de7fdda93b3","order_by":3,"name":"Chaoran Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chaoran","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":450120540,"identity":"46f64a78-c4c8-4f0e-b068-c4d5e2fea311","order_by":4,"name":"Fan Xiong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fan","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiong","suffix":""},{"id":450120541,"identity":"3663a61e-342a-4e11-9343-ae3b5a9ea26e","order_by":5,"name":"Chenxiao Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chenxiao","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":450120543,"identity":"5bd4ce5d-9877-4916-9dcc-e7f8cd3828a5","order_by":6,"name":"Hongying Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongying","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":450120544,"identity":"28f5b5ed-fc59-4002-85a8-2195e2891e43","order_by":7,"name":"Dongyi Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dongyi","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":450120547,"identity":"c50f3f22-d906-49d2-a2fd-082b1c9703bc","order_by":8,"name":"Junjie Zheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zheng","suffix":""},{"id":450120549,"identity":"e7fe3014-3041-4fb2-aee9-b9ee76960b9e","order_by":9,"name":"Mengzhao Fan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mengzhao","middleName":"","lastName":"Fan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-15 08:38:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231575/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231575/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":90141009,"identity":"3852c25b-4e94-425a-b1be-b7e7cc223138","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-29 03:46:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1022385,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptFile.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6231575/v1_covered_63dbf408-766d-46f9-9764-c56f43f3f351.pdf"},{"id":81849023,"identity":"1f84f713-7d5b-47c0-b1d3-c4b44385cd7c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-02 18:53:18","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1767734,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Graphicformanuscript.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6231575/v1/f0f80477c60f4b7bf22a6791.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Design and performance study of fabric-based incontinence monitoring sensor","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Urinary incontinence, Incontinence monitoring sensor, Fabric sensor, Frequency of leakage, Continuous monitoring","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231575/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231575/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn order to be able to monitor the urine leakage of incontinence patients in a long-time dynamic and continuous manner, a flexible fabric-based incontinence monitoring sensor was prepared by using moisture-sensitive composite fabrics, disposable diapers, and conductive yarns to design and screen the optimal sensing structure. In the simulation model wearing test, light, medium and heavy as the standard random drops, the test results show that: the maximum number of sensor monitoring up to 17 times, the lowest 12 times, the average amount of urine leakage can be monitored up to 150 mL, the monitoring accuracy rate of 100%. In the real life simulation wear test, the performance of the sensor was tested under static and dynamic in volunteers, respectively, and the results showed that: the sensor has the lowest urine frequency monitoring number of 2 times, the highest urine frequency monitoring number of 9 times, the total leakage of urine between 50\u0026ndash;180 mL, and the accuracy of urine frequency monitoring reaches 100%, which can satisfy the daily use needs of incontinence patients.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Design and performance study of fabric-based incontinence monitoring sensor","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-02 18:45:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231575/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"51221c67-fb6b-435b-9666-a54cf44c012b","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 2nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":47898908,"name":"Health sciences/Urology"},{"id":47898909,"name":"Health sciences/Urology/Urogenital diseases"},{"id":47898910,"name":"Health sciences/Urology/Urogenital diseases/Urinary incontinence"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-29T03:38:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-02 18:45:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6231575","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6231575","identity":"rs-6231575","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}