Thiophene separation from n-paraffin compounds using three Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate base ionic solvents

Thiophene separation from n-paraffin compounds using three Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate base ionic solvents | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Thiophene separation from n-paraffin compounds using three Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate base ionic solvents Abubaker A. Mohammad, Adel S. Al-Jimaz, Khaled H. A. E. Alkhaldi, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7383669/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents an experimental investigation into the desulfurization of model diesel fuels via liquid–liquid extraction of thiophene (C₄H₄S) from aliphatic hydrocarbons using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as selective solvents. The ionic liquids evaluated are 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 5 mim][PF₆], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 6 mim][PF₆], and 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 7 mim][PF₆]. Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were obtained at 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) for nine ternary systems comprising n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, or n-hexadecane with thiophene and one of the selected ionic liquids. Distribution ratios and selectivity values were determined and compared across the investigated systems to evaluate the desulfurization efficiency. The influence of alkyl chain length in both the hydrocarbon and ionic liquid phases was examined. Experimental data were correlated using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model, with binary interaction parameters reported. The model accurately represented the experimental phase behavior, achieving an average root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 0.1355. Ternary phase diagrams, incorporating both experimental measurements and calculated tie-lines, were constructed to evaluate extraction performance. The results confirm the superior efficiency of thiophene removal ( K = 3.03–4.87, S = 548–946) using [C₅mim][PF₆], [C₆mim][PF₆], and [C₇mim][PF₆], compared to literature values reported for fuel purification processes. Desulfurization Ionic liquids Paraffins Solvent selectivity Thiophene Liquid-liquid equilibrium Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 1. INTRODUCTION The presence of sulfur-containing compounds in transportation fuels poses a serious environmental and public health concern due to the formation of sulfur oxides (SOₓ) during combustion. These gaseous emissions contribute to atmospheric pollution, acid rain, and respiratory illnesses. In response, environmental agencies have introduced increasingly stringent fuel quality regulations aimed at reducing sulfur emissions. Both the United States and the European Union have adopted "ultra-low sulfur" standards, mandating that the sulfur content in gasoline and diesel fuels do not exceed 10 parts per million (ppm). These regulatory frameworks have intensified the demand for efficient and selective desulfurization technologies capable of meeting the strict sulfur limits in commercial fuel formulations [1– 4 ]. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the primary industrial method used to reduce sulfur content in petroleum fuels. However, its effectiveness is significantly limited when applied to aromatic and heterocyclic sulfur compounds—such as thiophene and its derivatives—which are particularly resistant to conventional HDS treatment. Achieving ultra-low sulfur fuel standards with these difficult to treat compounds often require higher pressures, elevated temperatures, and more advanced catalysts. These intensified operating conditions lead to increased energy consumption and higher processing costs, creating a strong incentive to explore alternative desulfurization approaches that are more selective, cost-effective, and capable of operating under milder conditions [ 4 ]. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising alternative solvents for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel. IL-based extraction systems have attracted considerable attention as a viable approach for achieving ultra-low sulfur fuel standards required by increasingly stringent environmental regulations [ 5 – 8 ]. Liquid–liquid extraction using ionic liquids (ILs) has proven to be an effective alternative to conventional hydro-processing methods for the desulfurization and denitrification of transportation fuels. ILs provide a selective and energy efficient route for the removal of heteroatomic contaminants from gasoline and diesel. Typically composed of bulky organic cations paired with a wide variety of inorganic or organic anions, ILs can be structurally tailored to enhance their affinity for sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. Their immiscibility with hydrocarbon streams, combined with their environmental compatibility and non-volatile nature, makes them particularly attractive for integration into modern fuel refining processes [ 9 – 13 ]. Ionic liquids have received considerable attention as alternative solvents in a wide range of separation and extraction processes, owing to their distinct physicochemical properties. These include high solvation capacity, negligible volatility under ambient conditions, excellent thermal stability, low flammability, and tunable viscosity, as well as near-complete immiscibility with aliphatic hydrocarbons [ 14 – 16 ]. Compared to traditional organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ILs offer advantages in terms of selectivity, operational safety, and reduced solvent regeneration costs [ 17 – 20 ]. As a result, the use of ILs in liquid–liquid extraction has been extensively studied as an alternative to conventional solvents, particularly for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from alkanes [ 18 , 21 – 31 ]. In the application of ionic liquids (ILs) as extractive agents, it is critical to assess key performance parameters such as selectivity, extraction capacity, distribution ratio, solubility, surface activity, and thermal stability. These properties are largely governed by the molecular structure of the IL and the specific pairing of its cation and anion components[ 19 ]. The selectivity exhibited by ILs arises from a combination of molecular-level interactions, including dispersion forces, π–π interactions, n–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, Coulombic forces, anion polarization, and ion-pair associations [ 20 ]. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions is essential for the rational design and optimization of ILs tailored for efficient and selective extraction processes. Thiophene is commonly employed as a reference compound for evaluating the removal of sulfur-containing heterocycles from transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel. Numerous studies have indicated that the desulfurization efficiency of thiophene using ionic liquids (ILs) is largely influenced by interactions involving the alkyl side chains of the IL cations [ 32 – 34 ]. Specifically, extending the length of the alkyl chain has been shown to enhance sulfur extraction performance, likely due to increased hydrophobic interactions and greater solvation capacity. However, longer alkyl chains also tend to weaken the electrostatic interactions between the cation and anion, thereby increasing the conformational flexibility of the IL and facilitating better accommodation of sulfur compounds. As a result, ILs featuring cations with optimally balanced alkyl chain lengths are often favored for effective desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels [ 35 ]. Methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as versatile solvents in separation science due to their tunable physicochemical properties. These ILs feature a positively charged imidazolium ring as the cationic core, which can be functionalized with various alkyl chains to adjust parameters such as polarity, viscosity, and solvation capacity. When paired with hydrophobic anions, particularly hexafluorophosphate [PF₆], the resulting ionic liquids exhibit low miscibility with nonpolar hydrocarbon phases, a property that significantly enhances their performance in liquid–liquid extraction applications. This combination of molecular flexibility and phase behavior makes methylimidazolium–[PF₆] systems particularly attractive for the selective extraction of target solutes from nonpolar environments. Ionic liquids based on methylimidazolium cations have garnered considerable attention for their potential in extractive desulfurization processes, owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids incorporating hexafluorophosphate anions [PF₆] have demonstrated promising performance in selectively extracting thiophene from hydrocarbon mixtures. This behavior is attributed to the strong π–π interactions and favorable electrostatic forces between the aromatic sulfur-containing compounds and the imidazolium ring, as well as the low volatility and tunable polarity of the ionic liquid phase. Additionally, the presence of the [PF₆] anion enhances the liquid’s hydrophobicity, which improves the partitioning of thiophene from nonpolar paraffinic phases. These characteristics suggest that such ionic liquids may achieve high selectivity and distribution ratios, making them strong candidates for efficient, environmentally benign desulfurization systems. [ 5 , 36 – 49 ]. Despite the known susceptibility of the hexafluorophosphate anion [PF₆] to hydrolysis under moist conditions, methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids bearing long alkyl chains continue to be of interest for thiophene extraction from paraffinic matrices due to their enhanced hydrophobicity and selective solvation properties. Increasing the alkyl chain length on the imidazolium cation significantly improves the ionic liquid’s affinity for nonpolar hydrocarbons, facilitating greater phase separation and more effective thiophene partitioning. This structural modification also strengthens π–π and van der Waals interactions with aromatic sulfur compounds, thereby enhancing distribution coefficients and selectivity values. While the hydrolysis of [PF₆] may present stability concerns in aqueous environments, its low coordinating nature and high hydrophobicity remain advantageous in strictly anhydrous systems or controlled conditions. Therefore, higher alkyl chain methylimidazolium–[PF₆] ionic liquids represent a practical compromise, offering superior extraction performance for sulfur removal applications when moisture exposure is minimized [ 50 – 52 ]. Bösmann and co-workers explored the application of ionic liquids (ILs) for the extractive desulfurization of diesel fuels, highlighting their potential as an effective alternative to conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) methods [ 5 ]. Unlike HDS, which typically requires high temperatures, elevated pressures, and substantial hydrogen input, IL-based extraction processes can operate under mild conditions without the use of hydrogen, offering both environmental and economic benefits. Among the ILs investigated, imidazolium-based systems such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF₆] demonstrated notable efficiency in removing sulfur-containing compounds, including dibenzothiophene, from model diesel. The incorporation of the [PF₆] anion was found to enhance both selectivity and phase separation, underscoring its significance in the rational design of ILs for fuel purification applications. Gao et al. reported that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF₆] functions as a chemically stable and hydrophobic ionic liquid capable of efficiently extracting sulfur-containing compounds from diesel fuel [ 53 ]. The extraction process was characterized by rapid phase equilibrium, typically reached within 10 minutes, highlighting the system’s potential for time-efficient processing. The hydrophobic character of the [PF₆] anion plays a critical role in promoting effective phase separation between the ionic liquid and the hydrocarbon phase, an essential factor for achieving high performance liquid–liquid extraction in fuel purification systems. Zhu et al. demonstrated that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF₆] and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [OMIM][PF₆] serve as effective water-immiscible media for oxidative desulfurization processes [ 54 ]. These ionic liquids promoted efficient phase separation between the ionic phase and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, thereby enhancing mass transfer and overall reaction kinetics. The hydrophobic character of the [PF₆] anion played an essential role in facilitating the selective extraction and removal of refractory sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene, contributing to the improved desulfurization performance observed in these systems. Li and co-workers conducted a detailed investigation into the microviscosity behavior of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids with varying alkyl chain lengths (C₄–C₈), employing fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements to characterize molecular mobility [ 55 ]. The study revealed that increasing the alkyl chain length initially resulted in elevated microviscosity, attributed to stronger van der Waals interactions among the extended alkyl groups. However, beyond a certain chain length, the microviscosity either plateaued or showed a slight decline. This behavior was linked to the formation of both compact and non-compact microdomains within the ionic liquid structure, suggesting that alkyl chain organization plays a key role in determining the fluid’s internal dynamics and its extraction performance. This study contributes to our ongoing development of ionic liquid-based extraction systems for improving fuel quality through efficient sulfur removal [ 21 , 56 – 58 ]. In the present work, the extraction efficiency of three [PF₆]-based ionic liquids:1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 5 mim][PF₆], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 6 mim][PF₆], and 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 7 mim][PF₆] was evaluated for the removal of thiophene from model diesel systems composed of n -dodecane, n -tetradecane, and n -hexadecane. The influence of paraffin chain length on extraction behavior was also examined. Experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were generated for nine ternary systems at 313.15 K and 101.3 kPa. Distribution ratios and selectivity values were determined to assess the viability of these ILs for desulfurization. Furthermore, the experimental data were correlated using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model to support process modeling and simulation. 2. EXPERIMENTAL 2.1 Materials The chemicals employed in this study include n -dodecane, n -tetradecane, n -hexadecane, and thiophene, all of which were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich with stated purities. The ionic liquids 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 5 mim][PF₆], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 6 mim][PF₆], and 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C 7 mim][PF₆] were supplied by Iolitec GmbH. The purity of each compound was verified using gas chromatography (GC), and water content was determined via coulometric Karl Fischer titration using a Mettler Toledo model C20 instrument. Where required, samples were degassed and dried under reduced pressure using a WELCH model 2025 rotary evaporator connected to a WELCH model 2034 vacuum pump, operating at 12 mbar and temperatures below 308 K to avoid thermal degradation. No additional purification steps were applied. The measured water content and purity (mass fraction) of all chemicals are summarized in Table 1 . Table 1 Details of the chemicals; purities (mass fraction). Compound Supplier Purity (mass fraction) Cas Number Water content (mass fraction) [C 5 mim][PF₆] Iolitec GmbH 0.99 280779-52-4 ≤ 0.0005 [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] Iolitec GmbH 0.99 304680-35-1 ≤ 0.0005 [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] Iolitec GmbH 0.99 357915-04-9 ≤ 0.0005 n -dodecane Sigma-Aldrich 0.99 112-40-3 ≤ 0.00002 n -tetradecane Sigma-Aldrich 0.99 629-59-4 ≤ 0.00002 n -hexadecane Sigma-Aldrich 0.99 544-76-3 ≤ 0.00001 thiophene Sigma-Aldrich 0.995 110-02-1 ≤ 0.0005 2.2. Apparatus and procedure In this study, liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) measurements were conducted using six glass extraction cells, each with a capacity of 60 cm³. The equilibrium systems were maintained at a constant temperature of 313.15 K using a thermostatically controlled water bath equipped with Haake DC1 thermostats. Temperature stability within each cell was monitored using PT100 platinum resistance thermometers, offering a precision of ± 0.1 K. Each experimental run consisted of mixing 20 g of a selected paraffin ( n -dodecane, n -tetradecane, or n -hexadecane) with 20 g of ionic liquid [C 5 mim][PF₆], [C 6 mim][PF₆], or [C 7 mim][PF₆] and a controlled amount of thiophene. All substances were weighed using a METTLER analytical balance with an accuracy of ± 0.0001 g. The mixtures were vigorously stirred for one hour using Teflon-coated magnetic stirrers to ensure complete homogenization, followed by a four-hour settling period to allow phase separation and equilibrium establishment. The experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa), with environmental variables such as temperature and humidity stabilized by air conditioning and pressure continuously monitored using a digital differential pressure gauge. 2.3. Measurements of phase compositions Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were determined for nine ternary systems consisting of n -dodecane, n -tetradecane, or n -hexadecane (1); thiophene (2); and the ionic liquids [C 5 mim][PF₆], [C 6 mim][PF₆], or [C 7 mim][PF₆] (3). All measurements were carried out at a constant temperature of 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure (101 kPa). Upon completion of phase separation, the hydrocarbon-rich and ionic-liquid-rich layers were carefully separated, weighed, and sampled for compositional analysis. Quantitative analysis of the equilibrium compositions was performed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph coupled with a 5977A mass selective detector (GC/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent HP-5ms Ultra Inert capillary column (30 m × 0.250 mm × 0.25 µm film thickness) preceded by an uncoated precolumn to retain high-boiling components and protect the analytical column. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a fixed flow rate of 2.0 cm³·min⁻¹. The injector temperature was maintained at 523.15 K, and the oven temperature was programmed from 313.15 K to 523.15 K at 20 K·min⁻¹, followed by a 15.5-minute isothermal hold. Detection was conducted via flame ionization (FID) at 573.15 K. Mass spectrometry was performed in electron ionization mode (70 eV), with the ion source and quadrupole maintained at 493.15 K and 453.15 K, respectively, and a scan range of 10–510 m/z. To ensure accuracy and reliability, a three-point calibration method was employed. Calibration standards were gravimetrically prepared by blending thiophene with n -dodecane, n -tetradecane, or n -hexadecane to span the anticipated concentration ranges. The thiophene mole fractions in the alkane-rich phases ranged from 0.01 to 0.59, while alkane mole fractions in the ionic-liquid-rich phases varied from 0.001 to 0.10. Each sample was analyzed in ten replicates, and the final composition was reported as the mean value. Type A uncertainty was evaluated from the standard deviation of these replicates, which was consistently lower than the Type B uncertainty associated with chemical purity. For mole fractions near 0.10, the maximum estimated Type B uncertainty was approximately 0.001. The resulting LLE data, including tie-line compositions, are presented in Tables 2 to 4 . Table 2 Experimental data for the ternary system: { n -dodecane, n -tetradecane or n -hexadecane} (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] (3) at T = 313.15 K and P = 101.3 kPa a . Paraffin rich phase Solvent rich phase K S x 1 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 3 n -dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] (3) 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.995 0.943 0.057 0.000 0.006 0.258 0.736 4.51 696 0.904 0.096 0.000 0.007 0.416 0.577 4.32 555 0.874 0.126 0.000 0.008 0.520 0.472 4.14 459 0.851 0.149 0.000 0.009 0.593 0.398 3.98 389 0.834 0.166 0.000 0.009 0.647 0.343 3.89 343 0.819 0.181 0.000 0.010 0.689 0.301 3.81 307 0.806 0.194 0.000 0.011 0.721 0.268 3.72 277 0.795 0.205 0.000 0.011 0.748 0.241 3.65 254 0.786 0.214 0.000 0.012 0.769 0.219 3.60 236 0.780 0.220 0.000 0.013 0.787 0.200 3.58 223 n -tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] (3) 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.995 0.944 0.056 0.000 0.006 0.264 0.730 4.74 763 0.905 0.095 0.000 0.007 0.422 0.571 4.46 597 0.876 0.124 0.000 0.008 0.526 0.467 4.25 491 0.853 0.147 0.000 0.008 0.598 0.394 4.06 414 0.832 0.168 0.000 0.009 0.651 0.340 3.88 355 0.818 0.182 0.000 0.010 0.692 0.298 3.79 317 0.806 0.194 0.000 0.010 0.724 0.265 3.73 289 0.796 0.204 0.000 0.011 0.750 0.239 3.67 266 0.787 0.213 0.000 0.012 0.771 0.217 3.62 248 0.780 0.220 0.000 0.012 0.789 0.199 3.59 233 n -hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] (3) 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.996 0.945 0.055 0.000 0.005 0.269 0.726 4.87 946 0.907 0.093 0.000 0.006 0.428 0.567 4.62 749 0.881 0.119 0.000 0.006 0.532 0.462 4.46 625 0.860 0.140 0.000 0.007 0.604 0.389 4.32 535 0.845 0.155 0.000 0.008 0.657 0.336 4.23 473 0.832 0.168 0.000 0.008 0.697 0.294 4.14 426 0.820 0.180 0.000 0.009 0.729 0.262 4.06 386 0.811 0.189 0.000 0.009 0.755 0.236 4.00 356 0.803 0.197 0.000 0.010 0.776 0.215 3.94 332 0.797 0.203 0.000 0.010 0.793 0.197 3.90 312 a Standard uncertainties ( u ) are u (x) = 1.0 × 10 − 3 , u (T) = 0.2 K, u (P) = 1.0 kPa. Table 3 Experimental data for the ternary system: { n -dodecane, n -tetradecane or n -hexadecane } (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] (3) at T = 313.15 K and P = 101.3 kPa a . Paraffin rich phase Solvent rich phase K S x 1 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 3 n -dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] (3) 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.995 0.939 0.061 0.000 0.006 0.266 0.728 4.37 647 0.898 0.102 0.000 0.007 0.426 0.567 4.17 512 0.867 0.133 0.000 0.008 0.531 0.461 3.98 420 0.841 0.159 0.000 0.009 0.603 0.388 3.80 354 0.821 0.179 0.000 0.010 0.657 0.333 3.68 307 0.804 0.196 0.000 0.011 0.697 0.292 3.57 272 0.789 0.211 0.000 0.011 0.729 0.260 3.46 243 0.776 0.224 0.000 0.012 0.755 0.233 3.37 220 0.765 0.235 0.000 0.012 0.776 0.212 3.30 202 0.756 0.244 0.000 0.013 0.793 0.194 3.26 189 n -tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] (3) 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.995 0.940 0.060 0.000 0.006 0.272 0.721 4.58 705 0.899 0.101 0.000 0.007 0.432 0.560 4.27 546 0.867 0.133 0.000 0.008 0.536 0.456 4.04 444 0.842 0.158 0.000 0.009 0.608 0.383 3.84 371 0.819 0.181 0.000 0.009 0.661 0.330 3.65 316 0.805 0.195 0.000 0.010 0.701 0.289 3.59 284 0.792 0.208 0.000 0.011 0.733 0.256 3.53 258 0.781 0.219 0.000 0.011 0.758 0.230 3.46 237 0.771 0.229 0.000 0.012 0.779 0.209 3.40 219 0.763 0.237 0.000 0.013 0.796 0.191 3.36 205 n -hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] (3) 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.996 0.941 0.059 0.000 0.005 0.277 0.718 4.70 887 0.903 0.097 0.000 0.006 0.439 0.555 4.51 709 0.874 0.126 0.000 0.006 0.543 0.450 4.30 584 0.853 0.147 0.000 0.007 0.615 0.378 4.17 500 0.835 0.165 0.000 0.008 0.667 0.325 4.05 437 0.820 0.180 0.000 0.008 0.707 0.285 3.94 389 0.807 0.193 0.000 0.009 0.738 0.253 3.81 348 0.796 0.204 0.000 0.009 0.763 0.228 3.75 320 0.789 0.211 0.000 0.010 0.784 0.207 3.72 300 0.783 0.217 0.000 0.010 0.801 0.189 3.69 283 a Standard uncertainties ( u ) are u (x) = 1.0 × 10 − 3 , u (T) = 0.2 K, u (P) = 1.0 kPa. Table 4 Experimental data for the ternary system: { n -dodecane, n -tetradecane or n -hexadecane} (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] (3) at T = 313.15 K and P = 101.3 kPa a . Paraffin rich phase Solvent rich phase K S x 1 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 3 n -dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] (3) 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.994 0.933 0.067 0.000 0.007 0.274 0.719 4.08 549 0.888 0.112 0.000 0.008 0.436 0.556 3.88 431 0.854 0.146 0.000 0.009 0.542 0.449 3.70 353 0.826 0.174 0.000 0.010 0.614 0.376 3.54 296 0.805 0.195 0.000 0.011 0.667 0.322 3.42 256 0.787 0.213 0.000 0.012 0.707 0.281 3.32 226 0.771 0.229 0.000 0.012 0.738 0.249 3.22 202 0.757 0.243 0.000 0.013 0.763 0.224 3.14 183 0.745 0.255 0.000 0.014 0.784 0.203 3.07 168 0.736 0.264 0.000 0.014 0.801 0.185 3.03 157 n -tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] (3) 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.994 0.935 0.065 0.000 0.007 0.282 0.712 4.34 617 0.890 0.110 0.000 0.008 0.445 0.548 4.05 476 0.857 0.143 0.000 0.009 0.549 0.443 3.83 386 0.831 0.169 0.000 0.009 0.621 0.370 3.68 326 0.811 0.189 0.000 0.010 0.673 0.317 3.56 283 0.793 0.207 0.000 0.011 0.712 0.277 3.44 249 0.779 0.221 0.000 0.012 0.743 0.245 3.36 224 0.766 0.234 0.000 0.012 0.768 0.220 3.29 205 0.761 0.239 0.000 0.013 0.788 0.199 3.30 195 0.757 0.243 0.000 0.013 0.805 0.181 3.32 186 n -hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] (3) 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.996 0.937 0.063 0.000 0.005 0.288 0.706 4.58 814 0.898 0.102 0.000 0.006 0.454 0.540 4.43 656 0.869 0.131 0.000 0.007 0.558 0.435 4.25 542 0.847 0.153 0.000 0.008 0.629 0.363 4.12 464 0.826 0.174 0.000 0.008 0.680 0.312 3.92 396 0.809 0.191 0.000 0.009 0.719 0.272 3.77 347 0.795 0.205 0.000 0.009 0.749 0.242 3.65 310 0.782 0.218 0.000 0.010 0.773 0.217 3.55 281 0.774 0.226 0.000 0.010 0.793 0.197 3.51 262 0.767 0.233 0.000 0.011 0.809 0.180 3.48 247 a Standard uncertainties ( u ) are u (x) = 1.0 × 10 − 3 , u (T) = 0.2 K, u (P) = 1.0 kPa. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Experimental data liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were experimentally determined for nine ternary systems comprising n -dodecane, n -tetradecane, or n -hexadecane (1), thiophene (2), and one of three ionic liquids: [C 5 mim][PF₆], [C 6 mim][PF₆], or [C 7 mim][PF₆] (3) at a constant temperature of 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa). The phase compositions for both the paraffin-rich and ionic-liquid-rich layers are reported in Tables 2 through 4 . Corresponding tie-line data, plotted in Fig. 1 , illustrates the phase behavior of these ternary systems. The results indicate limited mutual solubility between the phases: the paraffinic hydrocarbons exhibit low solubility in the IL-rich phase, while the ionic liquids are virtually immiscible in the hydrocarbon-rich phase. This distinct phase separation highlights the effectiveness of these ILs in selectively extracting thiophene from aliphatic matrices, supporting their suitability for desulfurization applications. 3.2. Distribution ratio and selectivity Tables 2 through 4 present the experimentally determined distribution ratios of thiophene and the corresponding selectivity values for the nine ternary systems examined in this study, alongside their respective liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data. These parameters are widely acknowledged as essential indicators for evaluating the efficiency of solvents in liquid–liquid extraction applications. The distribution coefficient ( K ), defined in Eq. ( 1 ), measures the solvents capacity for extraction, and the solvent selectivity ( S ), as defined by Eq. ( 2 ), measures the effectiveness of the extraction. $$\:K={x}_{2}^{II}/{x}_{2}^{I}$$ 1 $$\:S={x}_{2}^{II}{x}_{1}^{I}/{x}_{2}^{I}{x}_{1}^{II}$$ 2 where x is the mole fraction, subscripts 1 and 2 denote paraffin and thiophene compounds respectively, while superscripts I and II denote paraffin rich phase and solvent rich phase respectively. The distribution ratio of thiophene, which reflects the extraction capacity of the ionic liquid, was determined for all nine ternary systems and is summarized in Tables 2 , 3 , and 4 . Figure 2 illustrates the variation of the distribution ratio as a function of the thiophene mole fraction in the solvent-rich phase. A decreasing trend in distribution ratio values was observed with increasing thiophene concentration in the ionic liquid phase. As shown in the figure, the distribution ratios follow the order: n -dodecane < n -tetradecane < n -hexadecane. This behavior can be attributed to the increased alkyl chain length of the paraffinic compounds, due to its larger molecular size, enhances steric repulsion upon interaction with the imidazolium-based ionic liquids. These steric effects, combined with intensified van der Waals forces and π–π interactions between thiophene and the imidazolium cation, promote stronger molecular interactions and contribute to enhanced desulfurization efficiency [ 58 – 60 ]. The selectivity values for the investigated systems, presented in Fig. 3 , were also found to be sufficiently high. A declining trend in selectivity with increasing thiophene mole fraction in the solvent-rich phase was observed. Moreover, for a given ionic liquid ([C 7 mim][PF₆]), the selectivity values followed the trend: n-dodecane < n-tetradecane < n-hexadecane, indicating improved separation performance with longer-chain alkanes. The extraction efficiency of ionic liquids for thiophene removal from hydrocarbon matrices is strongly influenced by structural variations within the IL cation, particularly the length of the alkyl side chain. Figures 4 and 5 present a comparative analysis of the extraction performance of [C 5 mim][PF₆], [C 6 mim][PF₆], and [C 7 mim][PF₆] for separating thiophene from n -tetradecane at 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Among the tested solvents, [C 5 mim][PF₆] exhibited the highest distribution coefficient values, suggesting better extraction efficiency while all the other solvents showed superior extraction capability relative to their longer-chain homologues. The enhanced performance of [C 5 mim][PF₆] can be attributed to its greater polarity and reduced steric hindrance, which promote stronger π–π interactions between the imidazolium ring and the thiophene molecules. Additionally, the shorter alkyl chain contributes to lower viscosity, facilitating improved mass transfer and faster phase equilibrium. In contrast, increasing the alkyl chain length from pentyl to heptyl results in diminished extraction efficiency due to increased viscosity and reduced solvation interaction with thiophene. Notably, all measured distribution coefficients exceeded unity, indicating the high affinity of these ionic liquids for thiophene and confirming their suitability for selective desulfurization of paraffinic fuel components. The effectiveness of [C 5 mim][PF₆], [C 6 mim][PF₆], and [C 7 mim][PF₆] ionic liquids in extracting thiophene from paraffinic hydrocarbons was assessed through selectivity measurements. As shown in Fig. 5 , the selectivity values declined with increasing thiophene mole fraction in the solvent-rich phase ( x₂ ), indicating a concentration dependent extraction efficiency. Among the tested ionic liquids, [C 5 mim][PF₆] demonstrated the highest selectivity toward thiophene in the presence of n -tetradecane, higher than both [C 6 mim][PF₆] and [C 7 mim][PF₆]. The elevated selectivity values across the studied systems suggest that the application of methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids, particularly [C 5 mim][PF₆], presents a technically effective and economically promising approach for thiophene removal from aliphatic hydrocarbon matrices. However, owing to its resistance to hydrolysis and enhanced hydrophobic character, [C₇mim][PF₆] emerges as a more promising candidate for large-scale industrial applications. Figure 6 presents a comparative assessment of the extraction performance of the ionic liquids investigated in this study—[C 5 mim][PF₆], [C 6 mim][PF₆], and [C 7 mim][PF₆]—against a range of ionic liquids previously reported in the literature. These include [C 2 mim][EtSO₄] for thiophene extraction from n -dodecane and n -hexadecane at 298.15 K and 313.15 K [ 61 ]; [C 2 mim][CH₃SO₃] and [mebuby][BF₄] for extraction from n -dodecane at 313.15 K [ 57 ]; [C 4 mim][DCA] and [C 2 mim][DCA] for systems with n -dodecane or n -hexadecane at 313.15 K [ 58 ]; and [bzmim][DCA] for thiophene removal from n -tetradecane at 313.15 K [ 56 ], as well as from n -dodecane and n -hexadecane in combination with [C 2 mim][DCA] [ 21 ]. The results reveal that the [C n mim][PF₆] series employed in this study exhibited notably higher distribution coefficients, consistently exceeding 1.0, thereby demonstrating superior extraction efficiency relative to the benchmark solvents. These findings underscore the enhanced capability of longer alkyl chain imidazolium-based [PF₆]⁻ ionic liquids in selectively extracting thiophene from aliphatic hydrocarbon matrices. The enhanced extraction efficiency exhibited by [C 5 mim][PF₆], [C 6 mim][PF₆], and [C 7 mim][PF₆], as illustrated in Fig. 6 , can be scientifically justified by considering the combined effects of alkyl chain length, solvation behavior, and specific intermolecular interactions. The imidazolium ring of these ionic liquids facilitates strong π–π interactions with the aromatic thiophene molecule, significantly enhancing selectivity toward the sulfur-containing compound over the saturated aliphatic matrix. This π–π stacking interaction promotes the preferential partitioning of thiophene into the ionic liquid phase. Moreover, the increasing length of the alkyl chain on the imidazolium cation expands the hydrophobic domain and strengthens van der Waals interactions with the non-polar aliphatic hydrocarbons, improving mutual miscibility and phase behavior. Concurrently, the hexafluorophosphate ([PF₆]⁻) anion contributes to the overall hydrophobicity and low coordinating nature of the ILs, minimizing competitive interactions with the hydrocarbon phase and thereby enhancing thiophene selectivity. Compared to conventional ILs such as [C 2 mim][EtSO₄], [C 2 mim][CH₃SO₃], and [DCA]⁻-based systems, the studied [C n mim][PF₆] solvents displayed significantly higher distribution coefficients (D > 1.0), indicating more effective thiophene extraction. These observations underscore the importance of π–π stacking, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions in tailoring ionic liquid structures for optimized sulfur removal from hydrocarbon mixtures [ 62 – 65 ]. 3.3. LLE correlation by the NRTL model The Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model, originally developed by Renon and Prausnitz [ 66 – 68 ], was employed to correlate the experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data obtained in this study. To describe the phase behavior of the investigated ternary systems, the NRTL model was fitted using Sørensen’s iterative computational approach, which relies on the flash calculation method [ 69 ]. In this modeling process, the binary interaction parameters a ij and a ji were optimized to achieve the best agreement with experimental data, while the nonrandomness parameter (α ij ) was fixed at 0.2. This value is widely accepted in the literature for systems involving ionic liquids as extractive solvents, where molecular asymmetry and non-ideality are pronounced. The fitted binary interaction parameters for each ternary system at 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure, along with the corresponding root mean square deviation (RMSD) values, are summarized in Table 5 . The RMSD values were computed to quantify the deviation between experimental and calculated compositions and are indicative of the model's ability to represent the experimental tie-line data accurately. The relatively low RMSD values obtained across all systems confirm the reliability of the NRTL model in describing the phase behavior of these ionic liquid-based extraction systems. The RMSD was calculated as follows: $$\:RMSD=100{\left\{{\sum\:}_{k}{\sum\:}_{j}{\sum\:}_{i}{\left({x}_{ijk,\:exp}-{x}_{ijk,\:cal}\right)}^{2}/6n\right\}}^{\raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\!\left/\:\!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.}$$ 3 where x denotes the mole fraction, n represents the number of tie lines, and the subscripts exp , cal , i , j , and k refer to experimental values, calculated values, components, phases, and individual tie lines, respectively. Utilizing the binary interaction parameters obtained from the NRTL model, tie-line compositions for all investigated ternary systems were calculated and are illustrated in Fig. 1 . The close agreement between the experimental and modeled data demonstrates the robustness of the NRTL model in describing the phase behavior of these systems. The low RMSD values obtained further confirm the model's predictive capability and reliability in correlating liquid–liquid equilibrium data for ionic liquid-based extraction systems [ 70 – 73 ]. Table 5 NRTL interaction parameters and root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the nine ternary systems (a = 0.2) at T = 313.15 K and P = 101.3 kPa a . i j a ij a ji Rmsd n -dodecane thiophene -71.232 1273.0 0.1151 n -dodecane [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] 1482.9 1093.9 thiophene [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] 450.08 -373.10 n -tetradecane thiophene -75.766 1282.5 0.1110 n -tetradecane [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] 1467.1 1091.9 thiophene [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] 484.56 -417.26 n -hexadecane thiophene -49.721 1325.6 0.1082 n -hexadecane [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] 1456.1 1152.2 thiophene [C 5 mim][PF 6 ] 429.42 -357.95 n -dodecane thiophene -105.28 1269.3 0.1493 n -dodecane [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] 1480.9 1096.4 thiophene [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] 448.37 -421.73 n -tetradecane thiophene -98.931 1288.7 0.1151 n -tetradecane [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] 1471.7 1083.6 thiophene [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] 491.76 -438.45 n -hexadecane thiophene -73.399 1334.7 0.1290 n -hexadecane [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] 1454.6 1151.9 thiophene [C 6 mim][PF 6 ] 417.65 -397.77 n -dodecane thiophene -127.94 1269.9 0.1599 n -dodecane [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] 1499.8 1072.3 thiophene [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] 458.24 -428.45 n -tetradecane thiophene -103.63 1285.6 0.1482 n -tetradecane [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] 1477.0 1053.7 thiophene [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] 543.95 -448.29 n -hexadecane thiophene -91.887 1317.9 0.1838 n -hexadecane [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] 1439.3 1152.4 thiophene [C 7 mim][PF 6 ] 421.57 -422.18 a τ ij = a ij /T = (g ij − g jj )/RT. 4. CONCLUSIONS Experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured at 313.15 K and 101.3 kPa for nine ternary systems comprising n -dodecane, n -tetradecane, or n -hexadecane (1); thiophene (2); and the ionic liquids [C 5 mim][PF₆], [C 6 mim][PF₆], or [C 7 mim][PF₆] (3). These systems were selected to represent model diesel fuel mixtures and to evaluate the extraction capabilities of methylimidazolium-based hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids for thiophene removal. The LLE data indicate that all three ILs exhibit appreciable distribution ratios and high selectivity values, confirming their efficiency as thiophene extraction solvents. Among them, [C 5 mim][PF₆] exhibited slightly enhanced extraction performance behavior, likely attributed to its relatively higher polarity and reduced steric effects, which are favorable for stronger π–π interactions between the imidazolium cation and the thiophene molecules. Additionally, the shorter alkyl chain results in lower viscosity, thereby enhancing mass transfer rates and promoting more rapid attainment of phase equilibrium. The experimental phase equilibrium data were successfully correlated using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model, which yielded an average root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.1355. This low deviation confirms the model's adequacy in representing the phase behavior of the investigated systems and supports its application in predictive modeling of ionic liquid-based desulfurization processes. The lower hydrolysis ability of [C₇mim][PF₆], coupled with its enhanced hydrophobic character, identifies it as a strong candidate for the industrial-scale extraction of thiophene from paraffin-based fuels. Declarations Author Contribution Authers’ Contributions:Abubaker Ahmad Mohammad: Oversaw and executed the laboratory experiments for liquid–liquid equilibrium measurements, ensuring precise calibration of analytical instruments. Conducted reproducibility assessments and contributed to data validation. Drafted the main manuscript text.Adel Shaye Aljimaz: Provided senior-level supervision and oversight of all research activities. Compiled and formatted the data tables, and carried out a comprehensive critical review of the manuscript to enhance its clarity, accuracy, and scientific rigor.khaled hamed alkhaldi: Conducted mathematical and statistical analyses of the extraction performance parameters, including the distribution coefficient and selectivity. Designed and prepared graphical representations of the results, including ternary phase diagrams and comparative performance plots. Reviewed and provided feedback on the final draft of the manuscript.Mohammad Saleh AlTuwaim: Designed the experimental plan and contributed to the development of the experimental methodology. 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Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 27 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 14 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 18 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 15 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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19:03:42","extension":"html","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":269449,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7383669/v1/803e27f179ee92be06608925.html"},{"id":94598975,"identity":"760e89b3-162f-455d-a243-4cd30bdc07cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:59:21","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":66170,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eExperimental and predicted LLE data at 313.15 K for the system: {n-dodecane: (a), (d), (g); n-tetradecane: (b), (e), (h); n-hexadecane: (c), (f), (i)} (1) + thiophene (2) + {[C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]: (a), (b), (c); [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]: (d), (e), (f); [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]: (g), (h), (i)} (3), ; \u0026nbsp;experimental; ¾, NRTL.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7383669/v1/749329e401b0e1753595fbf4.jpg"},{"id":94599835,"identity":"f0b3bccd-3224-43da-be5b-7326c1b6a527","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 19:08:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":246451,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMeasured distribution coefficient (\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e) against thiophene mole fraction in the solvent rich phase (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) at 313.15 K for the systems: \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): \u0026nbsp;,\u003csub\u003e \u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): q.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7383669/v1/fe2b01598653c9d26acc3584.jpg"},{"id":94599834,"identity":"9a62513b-e77c-41cf-b942-27d9a1e32f92","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 19:08:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":250063,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMeasured selectivity (\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e) against thiophene mole fraction in the solvent rich phase (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) at 313.15 K for the systems: \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3):, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): \u0026nbsp;,\u003csub\u003e \u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): q.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7383669/v1/b94e568648e5662a767dc070.jpg"},{"id":94599659,"identity":"ceb4db92-8377-4f8e-8dad-24060ddbd6f3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 19:07:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":243218,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMeasured distribution coefficient (\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e) against thiophene mole fraction in the solvent rich phase (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e) at 313.15 K for the systems: n-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3):, n-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): , n-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): q.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7383669/v1/984ce0e111402ac2f486d08e.jpg"},{"id":94600053,"identity":"8c61cdaf-f297-4499-a9db-0348e901d3fb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 19:11:54","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":256327,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMeasured selectivity (\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e) against thiophene mole fraction in the solvent rich phase (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e) at 313.15 K for the systems: n-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3):, n-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): \u0026nbsp;, n-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): q.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7383669/v1/fa6865c6e277c2421298f9d0.jpg"},{"id":94599867,"identity":"66536499-0c73-4205-90ef-3a1657f5d6fe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 19:08:06","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":398616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e. Measured distribution coefficient (\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e) against thiophene mole fraction in the solvent rich phase (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) at 313.15 K for the systems: \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ˜; this work, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): r; this work, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ®; this work, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) +{[ C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ○ ; this work, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) +{[C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ¾; this work, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) +{[ C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ¯; this work,\u003csub\u003e \u003c/sub\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3):q ; this work, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): £; this work, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): p; this work, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][EtSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ◐; [61], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][EtSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ◓; [61], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ⬗; [57], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [mebuby][BF\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ⬘; [57], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e] (3): ⬗; [57], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003emim][DCA] (3): Í; [58], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003emim][DCA] (3): ‒; [58], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][DCA] (3): \u003cstrong\u003e∣\u003c/strong\u003e; [58], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [bzmim][DCA] (3): ⊕; [56], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [bzmim][DCA] (3): ◪; [21], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][DCA] (3): ⬒; [21], \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1) + thiophene (2) + [bzmim][DCA] (3): ⊞; [21].\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7383669/v1/ee9eab9c78fb5e2cf2b699d0.jpg"},{"id":94612229,"identity":"89844fcb-c127-4c9a-8fc0-87b68860e3fa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-29 02:07:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3198915,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7383669/v1/a4cce758-1c54-4c04-a5d8-b155c9f9ea81.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Thiophene separation from n-paraffin compounds using three Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate base ionic solvents","fulltext":[{"header":"1. INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe presence of sulfur-containing compounds in transportation fuels poses a serious environmental and public health concern due to the formation of sulfur oxides (SOₓ) during combustion. These gaseous emissions contribute to atmospheric pollution, acid rain, and respiratory illnesses. In response, environmental agencies have introduced increasingly stringent fuel quality regulations aimed at reducing sulfur emissions. Both the United States and the European Union have adopted \"ultra-low sulfur\" standards, mandating that the sulfur content in gasoline and diesel fuels do not exceed 10 parts per million (ppm). These regulatory frameworks have intensified the demand for efficient and selective desulfurization technologies capable of meeting the strict sulfur limits in commercial fuel formulations [1\u0026ndash; \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHydrodesulfurization (HDS) is the primary industrial method used to reduce sulfur content in petroleum fuels. However, its effectiveness is significantly limited when applied to aromatic and heterocyclic sulfur compounds\u0026mdash;such as thiophene and its derivatives\u0026mdash;which are particularly resistant to conventional HDS treatment. Achieving ultra-low sulfur fuel standards with these difficult to treat compounds often require higher pressures, elevated temperatures, and more advanced catalysts. These intensified operating conditions lead to increased energy consumption and higher processing costs, creating a strong incentive to explore alternative desulfurization approaches that are more selective, cost-effective, and capable of operating under milder conditions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIonic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising alternative solvents for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel. IL-based extraction systems have attracted considerable attention as a viable approach for achieving ultra-low sulfur fuel standards required by increasingly stringent environmental regulations [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR6 CR7\" citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiquid\u0026ndash;liquid extraction using ionic liquids (ILs) has proven to be an effective alternative to conventional hydro-processing methods for the desulfurization and denitrification of transportation fuels. ILs provide a selective and energy efficient route for the removal of heteroatomic contaminants from gasoline and diesel. Typically composed of bulky organic cations paired with a wide variety of inorganic or organic anions, ILs can be structurally tailored to enhance their affinity for sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. Their immiscibility with hydrocarbon streams, combined with their environmental compatibility and non-volatile nature, makes them particularly attractive for integration into modern fuel refining processes [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10 CR11 CR12\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Ionic liquids have received considerable attention as alternative solvents in a wide range of separation and extraction processes, owing to their distinct physicochemical properties. These include high solvation capacity, negligible volatility under ambient conditions, excellent thermal stability, low flammability, and tunable viscosity, as well as near-complete immiscibility with aliphatic hydrocarbons [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR15\" citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Compared to traditional organic solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ILs offer advantages in terms of selectivity, operational safety, and reduced solvent regeneration costs [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR18 CR19\" citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. As a result, the use of ILs in liquid\u0026ndash;liquid extraction has been extensively studied as an alternative to conventional solvents, particularly for the separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from alkanes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR22 CR23 CR24 CR25 CR26 CR27 CR28 CR29 CR30\" citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the application of ionic liquids (ILs) as extractive agents, it is critical to assess key performance parameters such as selectivity, extraction capacity, distribution ratio, solubility, surface activity, and thermal stability. These properties are largely governed by the molecular structure of the IL and the specific pairing of its cation and anion components[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. The selectivity exhibited by ILs arises from a combination of molecular-level interactions, including dispersion forces, π\u0026ndash;π interactions, n\u0026ndash;π interactions, hydrogen bonding, Coulombic forces, anion polarization, and ion-pair associations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions is essential for the rational design and optimization of ILs tailored for efficient and selective extraction processes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThiophene is commonly employed as a reference compound for evaluating the removal of sulfur-containing heterocycles from transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel. Numerous studies have indicated that the desulfurization efficiency of thiophene using ionic liquids (ILs) is largely influenced by interactions involving the alkyl side chains of the IL cations [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR33\" citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Specifically, extending the length of the alkyl chain has been shown to enhance sulfur extraction performance, likely due to increased hydrophobic interactions and greater solvation capacity. However, longer alkyl chains also tend to weaken the electrostatic interactions between the cation and anion, thereby increasing the conformational flexibility of the IL and facilitating better accommodation of sulfur compounds. As a result, ILs featuring cations with optimally balanced alkyl chain lengths are often favored for effective desulfurization of hydrocarbon fuels [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethylimidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as versatile solvents in separation science due to their tunable physicochemical properties. These ILs feature a positively charged imidazolium ring as the cationic core, which can be functionalized with various alkyl chains to adjust parameters such as polarity, viscosity, and solvation capacity. When paired with hydrophobic anions, particularly hexafluorophosphate [PF₆], the resulting ionic liquids exhibit low miscibility with nonpolar hydrocarbon phases, a property that significantly enhances their performance in liquid\u0026ndash;liquid extraction applications. This combination of molecular flexibility and phase behavior makes methylimidazolium\u0026ndash;[PF₆] systems particularly attractive for the selective extraction of target solutes from nonpolar environments. Ionic liquids based on methylimidazolium cations have garnered considerable attention for their potential in extractive desulfurization processes, owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids incorporating hexafluorophosphate anions [PF₆] have demonstrated promising performance in selectively extracting thiophene from hydrocarbon mixtures. This behavior is attributed to the strong π\u0026ndash;π interactions and favorable electrostatic forces between the aromatic sulfur-containing compounds and the imidazolium ring, as well as the low volatility and tunable polarity of the ionic liquid phase. Additionally, the presence of the [PF₆] anion enhances the liquid\u0026rsquo;s hydrophobicity, which improves the partitioning of thiophene from nonpolar paraffinic phases. These characteristics suggest that such ionic liquids may achieve high selectivity and distribution ratios, making them strong candidates for efficient, environmentally benign desulfurization systems. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR37 CR38 CR39 CR40 CR41 CR42 CR43 CR44 CR45 CR46 CR47 CR48\" citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite the known susceptibility of the hexafluorophosphate anion [PF₆] to hydrolysis under moist conditions, methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids bearing long alkyl chains continue to be of interest for thiophene extraction from paraffinic matrices due to their enhanced hydrophobicity and selective solvation properties. Increasing the alkyl chain length on the imidazolium cation significantly improves the ionic liquid\u0026rsquo;s affinity for nonpolar hydrocarbons, facilitating greater phase separation and more effective thiophene partitioning. This structural modification also strengthens π\u0026ndash;π and van der Waals interactions with aromatic sulfur compounds, thereby enhancing distribution coefficients and selectivity values. While the hydrolysis of [PF₆] may present stability concerns in aqueous environments, its low coordinating nature and high hydrophobicity remain advantageous in strictly anhydrous systems or controlled conditions. Therefore, higher alkyl chain methylimidazolium\u0026ndash;[PF₆] ionic liquids represent a practical compromise, offering superior extraction performance for sulfur removal applications when moisture exposure is minimized [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR51\" citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e50\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eB\u0026ouml;smann and co-workers explored the application of ionic liquids (ILs) for the extractive desulfurization of diesel fuels, highlighting their potential as an effective alternative to conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) methods [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Unlike HDS, which typically requires high temperatures, elevated pressures, and substantial hydrogen input, IL-based extraction processes can operate under mild conditions without the use of hydrogen, offering both environmental and economic benefits. Among the ILs investigated, imidazolium-based systems such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF₆] demonstrated notable efficiency in removing sulfur-containing compounds, including dibenzothiophene, from model diesel. The incorporation of the [PF₆] anion was found to enhance both selectivity and phase separation, underscoring its significance in the rational design of ILs for fuel purification applications. Gao et al. reported that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF₆] functions as a chemically stable and hydrophobic ionic liquid capable of efficiently extracting sulfur-containing compounds from diesel fuel [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e]. The extraction process was characterized by rapid phase equilibrium, typically reached within 10 minutes, highlighting the system\u0026rsquo;s potential for time-efficient processing. The hydrophobic character of the [PF₆] anion plays a critical role in promoting effective phase separation between the ionic liquid and the hydrocarbon phase, an essential factor for achieving high performance liquid\u0026ndash;liquid extraction in fuel purification systems. Zhu et al. demonstrated that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF₆] and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [OMIM][PF₆] serve as effective water-immiscible media for oxidative desulfurization processes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e]. These ionic liquids promoted efficient phase separation between the ionic phase and aqueous hydrogen peroxide, thereby enhancing mass transfer and overall reaction kinetics. The hydrophobic character of the [PF₆] anion played an essential role in facilitating the selective extraction and removal of refractory sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene, contributing to the improved desulfurization performance observed in these systems. Li and co-workers conducted a detailed investigation into the microviscosity behavior of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids with varying alkyl chain lengths (C₄\u0026ndash;C₈), employing fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements to characterize molecular mobility [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e]. The study revealed that increasing the alkyl chain length initially resulted in elevated microviscosity, attributed to stronger van der Waals interactions among the extended alkyl groups. However, beyond a certain chain length, the microviscosity either plateaued or showed a slight decline. This behavior was linked to the formation of both compact and non-compact microdomains within the ionic liquid structure, suggesting that alkyl chain organization plays a key role in determining the fluid\u0026rsquo;s internal dynamics and its extraction performance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study contributes to our ongoing development of ionic liquid-based extraction systems for improving fuel quality through efficient sulfur removal [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR57\" citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e]. In the present work, the extraction efficiency of three [PF₆]-based ionic liquids:1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], and 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] was evaluated for the removal of thiophene from model diesel systems composed of \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane, and \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane. The influence of paraffin chain length on extraction behavior was also examined. Experimental liquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were generated for nine ternary systems at 313.15 K and 101.3 kPa. Distribution ratios and selectivity values were determined to assess the viability of these ILs for desulfurization. Furthermore, the experimental data were correlated using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model to support process modeling and simulation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. EXPERIMENTAL","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.1 Materials\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe chemicals employed in this study include \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane, and thiophene, all of which were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich with stated purities. The ionic liquids 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], and 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] were supplied by Iolitec GmbH. The purity of each compound was verified using gas chromatography (GC), and water content was determined via coulometric Karl Fischer titration using a Mettler Toledo model C20 instrument. Where required, samples were degassed and dried under reduced pressure using a WELCH model 2025 rotary evaporator connected to a WELCH model 2034 vacuum pump, operating at 12 mbar and temperatures below 308 K to avoid thermal degradation. No additional purification steps were applied. The measured water content and purity (mass fraction) of all chemicals are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDetails of the chemicals; purities (mass fraction).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026minus;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompound\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSupplier\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePurity\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(mass fraction)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCas Number\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWater content\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(mass fraction)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIolitec GmbH\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026minus;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e280779-52-4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.0005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIolitec GmbH\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026minus;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e304680-35-1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.0005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIolitec GmbH\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026minus;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e357915-04-9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.0005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigma-Aldrich\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026minus;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e112-40-3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.00002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigma-Aldrich\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026minus;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e629-59-4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.00002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigma-Aldrich\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026minus;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e544-76-3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.00001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigma-Aldrich\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026minus;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e110-02-1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.0005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2. Apparatus and procedure\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study, liquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium (LLE) measurements were conducted using six glass extraction cells, each with a capacity of 60 cm\u0026sup3;. The equilibrium systems were maintained at a constant temperature of 313.15 K using a thermostatically controlled water bath equipped with Haake DC1 thermostats. Temperature stability within each cell was monitored using PT100 platinum resistance thermometers, offering a precision of \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 K. Each experimental run consisted of mixing 20 g of a selected paraffin (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane, or \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane) with 20 g of ionic liquid [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], or [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] and a controlled amount of thiophene. All substances were weighed using a METTLER analytical balance with an accuracy of \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.0001 g. The mixtures were vigorously stirred for one hour using Teflon-coated magnetic stirrers to ensure complete homogenization, followed by a four-hour settling period to allow phase separation and equilibrium establishment. The experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa), with environmental variables such as temperature and humidity stabilized by air conditioning and pressure continuously monitored using a digital differential pressure gauge.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.3. Measurements of phase compositions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were determined for nine ternary systems consisting of \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane, or \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1); thiophene (2); and the ionic liquids [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], or [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] (3). All measurements were carried out at a constant temperature of 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure (101 kPa). Upon completion of phase separation, the hydrocarbon-rich and ionic-liquid-rich layers were carefully separated, weighed, and sampled for compositional analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuantitative analysis of the equilibrium compositions was performed using an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph coupled with a 5977A mass selective detector (GC/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent HP-5ms Ultra Inert capillary column (30 m \u0026times; 0.250 mm \u0026times; 0.25 \u0026micro;m film thickness) preceded by an uncoated precolumn to retain high-boiling components and protect the analytical column. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a fixed flow rate of 2.0 cm\u0026sup3;\u0026middot;min⁻\u0026sup1;. The injector temperature was maintained at 523.15 K, and the oven temperature was programmed from 313.15 K to 523.15 K at 20 K\u0026middot;min⁻\u0026sup1;, followed by a 15.5-minute isothermal hold. Detection was conducted via flame ionization (FID) at 573.15 K. Mass spectrometry was performed in electron ionization mode (70 eV), with the ion source and quadrupole maintained at 493.15 K and 453.15 K, respectively, and a scan range of 10\u0026ndash;510 m/z.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo ensure accuracy and reliability, a three-point calibration method was employed. Calibration standards were gravimetrically prepared by blending thiophene with \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane, or \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane to span the anticipated concentration ranges. The thiophene mole fractions in the alkane-rich phases ranged from 0.01 to 0.59, while alkane mole fractions in the ionic-liquid-rich phases varied from 0.001 to 0.10. Each sample was analyzed in ten replicates, and the final composition was reported as the mean value. Type A uncertainty was evaluated from the standard deviation of these replicates, which was consistently lower than the Type B uncertainty associated with chemical purity. For mole fractions near 0.10, the maximum estimated Type B uncertainty was approximately 0.001. The resulting LLE data, including tie-line compositions, are presented in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e to \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperimental data for the ternary system: {\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane or \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane} (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3) at T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;313.15 K and P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;101.3 kPa \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"14\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParaffin rich phase\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSolvent rich phase\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.943\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.258\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.736\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e696\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.904\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.416\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.577\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e555\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.520\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.472\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e459\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.851\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.149\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.593\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.398\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e389\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.834\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.166\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.647\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.343\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e343\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.819\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.181\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.689\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.301\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e307\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.806\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.194\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.721\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.268\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e277\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.795\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.205\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.748\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.241\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e254\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.786\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.214\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.769\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.219\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.60\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e236\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.780\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.220\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.787\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.200\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e223\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.944\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.264\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.730\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e763\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.905\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.095\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.422\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.571\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e597\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.876\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.526\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.467\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.853\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.147\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.598\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.394\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e414\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.832\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.168\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.651\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.340\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e355\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.818\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.692\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.298\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e317\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.806\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.194\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.724\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.265\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e289\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.796\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.204\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.750\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.239\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e266\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.787\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.213\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.771\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.217\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e248\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.780\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.220\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e233\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.945\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.269\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.726\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e946\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.907\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.428\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.567\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e749\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.881\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.119\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.532\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.462\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e625\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.860\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.604\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.389\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e535\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.845\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.155\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.657\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.336\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e473\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.832\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.168\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.294\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e426\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.820\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.729\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e386\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.811\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.189\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.755\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.236\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e356\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.803\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.776\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.215\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e332\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.797\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.203\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.793\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e312\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e Standard uncertainties (\u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e) are \u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e(x)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.0 \u0026times; 10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e(T)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2 K, \u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e(P)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.0 kPa.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperimental data for the ternary system: { \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane or \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane } (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3) at T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;313.15 K and P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;101.3 kPa \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"14\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParaffin rich phase\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSolvent rich phase\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.939\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.061\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.266\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.728\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e647\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.898\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.426\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.567\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e512\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.867\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.133\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.531\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.461\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e420\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.841\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.603\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.388\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e354\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.821\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.179\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.657\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.333\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e307\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.804\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.196\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.697\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.292\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e272\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.211\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.729\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.260\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e243\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.776\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.224\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.755\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e220\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.765\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.235\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.776\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.212\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e202\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.756\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.244\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.793\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.194\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.995\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.940\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.060\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.272\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.721\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e705\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.899\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.101\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.432\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e546\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.867\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.133\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.536\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.456\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e444\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.842\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.158\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.608\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.383\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.84\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e371\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.819\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.181\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.661\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.330\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e316\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.805\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.195\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.701\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.289\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.59\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e284\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.792\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.208\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.733\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.256\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.53\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.781\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.219\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.758\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.230\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e237\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.771\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.229\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.779\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.209\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.763\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.796\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.941\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.059\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.277\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.718\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e887\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.903\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.439\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.555\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e709\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.543\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.450\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e584\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.853\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.147\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.615\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.378\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.835\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.667\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.325\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e437\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.820\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.707\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.285\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e389\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.807\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.193\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.738\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.253\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e348\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.796\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.204\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.763\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.228\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e320\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.211\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.784\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.783\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.217\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.801\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.189\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e283\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e Standard uncertainties (\u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e) are \u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e(x)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.0 \u0026times; 10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e(T)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2 K, \u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e(P)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.0 kPa.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExperimental data for the ternary system: {\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane or \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane} (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3) at T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;313.15 K and P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;101.3 kPa \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"14\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eParaffin rich phase\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSolvent rich phase\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.994\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.933\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.067\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.274\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.719\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e549\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.888\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.112\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.436\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.556\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e431\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.854\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.146\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.542\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.449\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.70\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e353\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.826\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.614\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.376\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e296\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.805\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.195\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.667\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.322\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.787\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.213\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.707\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e226\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.771\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.229\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.738\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.249\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e202\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.757\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.243\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.763\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.224\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.745\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.255\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.784\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.203\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.736\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.264\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.801\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.185\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.03\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.994\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.935\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.282\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.712\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e617\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.890\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.445\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.548\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e476\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.857\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.549\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.443\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e386\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.831\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.169\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.621\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.370\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e326\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.811\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.189\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.673\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.317\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e283\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.793\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.712\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.277\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e249\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.779\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.221\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.743\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.245\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e224\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.766\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.768\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.220\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.761\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.239\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.788\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e195\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.757\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.243\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.805\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.181\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"13\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;thiophene (2) + [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e] (3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.937\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.063\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.288\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e814\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.898\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.454\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.540\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e656\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.869\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.131\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.558\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.435\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e542\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.847\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.629\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.363\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e464\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.826\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.680\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.312\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.809\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.191\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.719\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.272\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e347\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.795\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.205\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.749\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.242\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e310\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.782\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.773\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.217\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e281\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.774\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.226\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.793\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e262\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.767\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.233\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.809\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e247\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e Standard uncertainties (\u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e) are \u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e(x)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.0 \u0026times; 10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e(T)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2 K, \u003cem\u003eu\u003c/em\u003e(P)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.0 kPa.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.1. Experimental data\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eliquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were experimentally determined for nine ternary systems comprising \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane, or \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1), thiophene (2), and one of three ionic liquids: [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], or [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] (3) at a constant temperature of 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa). The phase compositions for both the paraffin-rich and ionic-liquid-rich layers are reported in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e through \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Corresponding tie-line data, plotted in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, illustrates the phase behavior of these ternary systems. The results indicate limited mutual solubility between the phases: the paraffinic hydrocarbons exhibit low solubility in the IL-rich phase, while the ionic liquids are virtually immiscible in the hydrocarbon-rich phase. This distinct phase separation highlights the effectiveness of these ILs in selectively extracting thiophene from aliphatic matrices, supporting their suitability for desulfurization applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.2. Distribution ratio and selectivity\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e through \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e present the experimentally determined distribution ratios of thiophene and the corresponding selectivity values for the nine ternary systems examined in this study, alongside their respective liquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium (LLE) data. These parameters are widely acknowledged as essential indicators for evaluating the efficiency of solvents in liquid\u0026ndash;liquid extraction applications. The distribution coefficient (\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e), defined in Eq.\u0026nbsp;(\u003cspan refid=\"Equ1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), measures the solvents capacity for extraction, and the solvent selectivity (\u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e), as defined by Eq.\u0026nbsp;(\u003cspan refid=\"Equ2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), measures the effectiveness of the extraction.\u003cdiv id=\"Equ1\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ1\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:K={x}_{2}^{II}/{x}_{2}^{I}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Equ2\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ2\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:S={x}_{2}^{II}{x}_{1}^{I}/{x}_{2}^{I}{x}_{1}^{II}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhere \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e is the mole fraction, subscripts 1 and 2 denote paraffin and thiophene compounds respectively, while superscripts I and II denote paraffin rich phase and solvent rich phase respectively. The distribution ratio of thiophene, which reflects the extraction capacity of the ionic liquid, was determined for all nine ternary systems and is summarized in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e illustrates the variation of the distribution ratio as a function of the thiophene mole fraction in the solvent-rich phase. A decreasing trend in distribution ratio values was observed with increasing thiophene concentration in the ionic liquid phase. As shown in the figure, the distribution ratios follow the order: \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane. This behavior can be attributed to the increased alkyl chain length of the paraffinic compounds, due to its larger molecular size, enhances steric repulsion upon interaction with the imidazolium-based ionic liquids. These steric effects, combined with intensified van der Waals forces and π\u0026ndash;π interactions between thiophene and the imidazolium cation, promote stronger molecular interactions and contribute to enhanced desulfurization efficiency [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR59\" citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR60\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e60\u003c/span\u003e]. The selectivity values for the investigated systems, presented in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, were also found to be sufficiently high. A declining trend in selectivity with increasing thiophene mole fraction in the solvent-rich phase was observed. Moreover, for a given ionic liquid ([C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆]), the selectivity values followed the trend: n-dodecane\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;n-tetradecane\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;n-hexadecane, indicating improved separation performance with longer-chain alkanes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe extraction efficiency of ionic liquids for thiophene removal from hydrocarbon matrices is strongly influenced by structural variations within the IL cation, particularly the length of the alkyl side chain. Figures\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e present a comparative analysis of the extraction performance of [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], and [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] for separating thiophene from \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane at 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Among the tested solvents, [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] exhibited the highest distribution coefficient values, suggesting better extraction efficiency while all the other solvents showed superior extraction capability relative to their longer-chain homologues. The enhanced performance of [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] can be attributed to its greater polarity and reduced steric hindrance, which promote stronger π\u0026ndash;π interactions between the imidazolium ring and the thiophene molecules. Additionally, the shorter alkyl chain contributes to lower viscosity, facilitating improved mass transfer and faster phase equilibrium. In contrast, increasing the alkyl chain length from pentyl to heptyl results in diminished extraction efficiency due to increased viscosity and reduced solvation interaction with thiophene. Notably, all measured distribution coefficients exceeded unity, indicating the high affinity of these ionic liquids for thiophene and confirming their suitability for selective desulfurization of paraffinic fuel components.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe effectiveness of [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], and [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] ionic liquids in extracting thiophene from paraffinic hydrocarbons was assessed through selectivity measurements. As shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, the selectivity values declined with increasing thiophene mole fraction in the solvent-rich phase (\u003cem\u003ex₂\u003c/em\u003e), indicating a concentration dependent extraction efficiency. Among the tested ionic liquids, [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] demonstrated the highest selectivity toward thiophene in the presence of \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane, higher than both [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] and [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆]. The elevated selectivity values across the studied systems suggest that the application of methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids, particularly [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], presents a technically effective and economically promising approach for thiophene removal from aliphatic hydrocarbon matrices. However, owing to its resistance to hydrolysis and enhanced hydrophobic character, [C₇mim][PF₆] emerges as a more promising candidate for large-scale industrial applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e presents a comparative assessment of the extraction performance of the ionic liquids investigated in this study\u0026mdash;[C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], and [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆]\u0026mdash;against a range of ionic liquids previously reported in the literature. These include [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][EtSO₄] for thiophene extraction from \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane and \u003csub\u003en\u003c/sub\u003e-hexadecane at 298.15 K and 313.15 K [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e]; [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][CH₃SO₃] and [mebuby][BF₄] for extraction from \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane at 313.15 K [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e57\u003c/span\u003e]; [C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003emim][DCA] and [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][DCA] for systems with \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane or \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane at 313.15 K [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR58\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e58\u003c/span\u003e]; and [bzmim][DCA] for thiophene removal from \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane at 313.15 K [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR56\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e], as well as from \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane and \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane in combination with [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][DCA] [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. The results reveal that the [C\u003csub\u003en\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] series employed in this study exhibited notably higher distribution coefficients, consistently exceeding 1.0, thereby demonstrating superior extraction efficiency relative to the benchmark solvents. These findings underscore the enhanced capability of longer alkyl chain imidazolium-based [PF₆]⁻ ionic liquids in selectively extracting thiophene from aliphatic hydrocarbon matrices. The enhanced extraction efficiency exhibited by [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], and [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], as illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, can be scientifically justified by considering the combined effects of alkyl chain length, solvation behavior, and specific intermolecular interactions. The imidazolium ring of these ionic liquids facilitates strong π\u0026ndash;π interactions with the aromatic thiophene molecule, significantly enhancing selectivity toward the sulfur-containing compound over the saturated aliphatic matrix. This π\u0026ndash;π stacking interaction promotes the preferential partitioning of thiophene into the ionic liquid phase. Moreover, the increasing length of the alkyl chain on the imidazolium cation expands the hydrophobic domain and strengthens van der Waals interactions with the non-polar aliphatic hydrocarbons, improving mutual miscibility and phase behavior. Concurrently, the hexafluorophosphate ([PF₆]⁻) anion contributes to the overall hydrophobicity and low coordinating nature of the ILs, minimizing competitive interactions with the hydrocarbon phase and thereby enhancing thiophene selectivity. Compared to conventional ILs such as [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][EtSO₄], [C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003emim][CH₃SO₃], and [DCA]⁻-based systems, the studied [C\u003csub\u003en\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] solvents displayed significantly higher distribution coefficients (D\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1.0), indicating more effective thiophene extraction. These observations underscore the importance of π\u0026ndash;π stacking, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions in tailoring ionic liquid structures for optimized sulfur removal from hydrocarbon mixtures [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR63 CR64\" citationid=\"CR62\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR65\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e65\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.3. LLE correlation by the NRTL model\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model, originally developed by Renon and Prausnitz [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR67\" citationid=\"CR66\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e66\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR68\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e68\u003c/span\u003e], was employed to correlate the experimental liquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium (LLE) data obtained in this study. To describe the phase behavior of the investigated ternary systems, the NRTL model was fitted using S\u0026oslash;rensen\u0026rsquo;s iterative computational approach, which relies on the flash calculation method [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e69\u003c/span\u003e]. In this modeling process, the binary interaction parameters \u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eij\u003c/sub\u003e and \u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eji\u003c/sub\u003e were optimized to achieve the best agreement with experimental data, while the nonrandomness parameter (α\u003csub\u003eij\u003c/sub\u003e) was fixed at 0.2. This value is widely accepted in the literature for systems involving ionic liquids as extractive solvents, where molecular asymmetry and non-ideality are pronounced.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe fitted binary interaction parameters for each ternary system at 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure, along with the corresponding root mean square deviation (RMSD) values, are summarized in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. The RMSD values were computed to quantify the deviation between experimental and calculated compositions and are indicative of the model's ability to represent the experimental tie-line data accurately. The relatively low RMSD values obtained across all systems confirm the reliability of the NRTL model in describing the phase behavior of these ionic liquid-based extraction systems. The RMSD was calculated as follows:\u003cdiv id=\"Equ3\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ3\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:RMSD=100{\\left\\{{\\sum\\:}_{k}{\\sum\\:}_{j}{\\sum\\:}_{i}{\\left({x}_{ijk,\\:exp}-{x}_{ijk,\\:cal}\\right)}^{2}/6n\\right\\}}^{\\raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\\!\\left/\\:\\!\\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\\right.}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ewhere \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e denotes the mole fraction, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e represents the number of tie lines, and the subscripts \u003cem\u003eexp\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ecal\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ei\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ej\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003ek\u003c/em\u003e refer to experimental values, calculated values, components, phases, and individual tie lines, respectively. Utilizing the binary interaction parameters obtained from the NRTL model, tie-line compositions for all investigated ternary systems were calculated and are illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The close agreement between the experimental and modeled data demonstrates the robustness of the NRTL model in describing the phase behavior of these systems. The low RMSD values obtained further confirm the model's predictive capability and reliability in correlating liquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium data for ionic liquid-based extraction systems [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR71 CR72\" citationid=\"CR70\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e70\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e73\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNRTL interaction parameters and root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the nine ternary systems (a\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2) at T\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;313.15 K and P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;101.3 kPa \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ei\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ej\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eij\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eji\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRmsd\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-71.232\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1273.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1151\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1482.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1093.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e450.08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-373.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-75.766\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1282.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1110\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1467.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1091.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e484.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-417.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-49.721\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1325.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1082\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1456.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1152.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e429.42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-357.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-105.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1269.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1493\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1480.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1096.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e448.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-421.73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-98.931\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1288.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1151\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1471.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1083.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e491.76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-438.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-73.399\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1334.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1290\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1454.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1151.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e417.65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-397.77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-127.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1269.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1599\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1499.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1072.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e458.24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-428.45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-103.63\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1285.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1482\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1477.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1053.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e543.95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-448.29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-91.887\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1317.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1838\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1439.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1152.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ethiophene\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e[C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e421.57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-422.18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e τ\u003csub\u003eij\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003eij\u003c/sub\u003e /T = (g\u003csub\u003eij\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026minus; g\u003csub\u003ejj\u003c/sub\u003e)/RT.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. CONCLUSIONS","content":"\u003cp\u003eExperimental liquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured at 313.15 K and 101.3 kPa for nine ternary systems comprising \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-dodecane, \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-tetradecane, or \u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e-hexadecane (1); thiophene (2); and the ionic liquids [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], or [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] (3). These systems were selected to represent model diesel fuel mixtures and to evaluate the extraction capabilities of methylimidazolium-based hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids for thiophene removal. The LLE data indicate that all three ILs exhibit appreciable distribution ratios and high selectivity values, confirming their efficiency as thiophene extraction solvents. Among them, [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆] exhibited slightly enhanced extraction performance behavior, likely attributed to its relatively higher polarity and reduced steric effects, which are favorable for stronger π\u0026ndash;π interactions between the imidazolium cation and the thiophene molecules. Additionally, the shorter alkyl chain results in lower viscosity, thereby enhancing mass transfer rates and promoting more rapid attainment of phase equilibrium. The experimental phase equilibrium data were successfully correlated using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) model, which yielded an average root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.1355. This low deviation confirms the model's adequacy in representing the phase behavior of the investigated systems and supports its application in predictive modeling of ionic liquid-based desulfurization processes. The lower hydrolysis ability of [C₇mim][PF₆], coupled with its enhanced hydrophobic character, identifies it as a strong candidate for the industrial-scale extraction of thiophene from paraffin-based fuels.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthers\u0026rsquo; Contributions:Abubaker Ahmad Mohammad: Oversaw and executed the laboratory experiments for liquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium measurements, ensuring precise calibration of analytical instruments. Conducted reproducibility assessments and contributed to data validation. Drafted the main manuscript text.Adel Shaye Aljimaz: Provided senior-level supervision and oversight of all research activities. Compiled and formatted the data tables, and carried out a comprehensive critical review of the manuscript to enhance its clarity, accuracy, and scientific rigor.khaled hamed alkhaldi: Conducted mathematical and statistical analyses of the extraction performance parameters, including the distribution coefficient and selectivity. Designed and prepared graphical representations of the results, including ternary phase diagrams and comparative performance plots. Reviewed and provided feedback on the final draft of the manuscript.Mohammad Saleh AlTuwaim: Designed the experimental plan and contributed to the development of the experimental methodology. Assisted in optimizing the analytical procedures to ensure accuracy and reliability of the resultsAbdullah Aljasmi: Contributed to the literature review and final editing of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWilfred, C.D., Kiat, C.F., Man, Z., Bustam, M.A., Mutalib, M.I., Phak, C.Z.: Extraction of dibenzothiophene from dodecane using ionic liquids. Fuel Process. Technol. \u003cb\u003e93\u003c/b\u003e, 85\u0026ndash;89 (2012)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWasserscheid, P., van Roy, H., B\u0026ouml;smann, A.: 1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([bmim]) octylsulfate\u0026mdash;an even \u0026lsquo;greener\u0026rsquo; ionic liquid. 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Liq. \u003cb\u003e261\u003c/b\u003e, 89\u0026ndash;95 (2018)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-solution-chemistry","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"josl","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Solution Chemistry](http://link.springer.com/journal/10953)","snPcode":"10953","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10953/3","title":"Journal of Solution Chemistry","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Desulfurization, Ionic liquids, Paraffins, Solvent selectivity, Thiophene, Liquid-liquid equilibrium","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7383669/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7383669/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study presents an experimental investigation into the desulfurization of model diesel fuels via liquid\u0026ndash;liquid extraction of thiophene (C₄H₄S) from aliphatic hydrocarbons using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as selective solvents. The ionic liquids evaluated are 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆], and 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003emim][PF₆]. Liquid\u0026ndash;liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were obtained at 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) for nine ternary systems comprising n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, or n-hexadecane with thiophene and one of the selected ionic liquids. Distribution ratios and selectivity values were determined and compared across the investigated systems to evaluate the desulfurization efficiency. The influence of alkyl chain length in both the hydrocarbon and ionic liquid phases was examined. Experimental data were correlated using the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model, with binary interaction parameters reported. The model accurately represented the experimental phase behavior, achieving an average root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 0.1355. Ternary phase diagrams, incorporating both experimental measurements and calculated tie-lines, were constructed to evaluate extraction performance. The results confirm the superior efficiency of thiophene removal (\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.03\u0026ndash;4.87, \u003cem\u003eS\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;548\u0026ndash;946) using [C₅mim][PF₆], [C₆mim][PF₆], and [C₇mim][PF₆], compared to literature values reported for fuel purification processes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Thiophene separation from n-paraffin compounds using three Methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate base ionic solvents","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-28 18:43:42","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7383669/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-27T10:57:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-27T10:56:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"191042332201042218418926174132324881114","date":"2025-11-27T09:57:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-17T07:24:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-15T18:38:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"332893123443775916166295174622361811092","date":"2025-10-16T21:11:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"146409663385190690679265084762484790153","date":"2025-10-16T05:42:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-14T05:26:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-18T12:03:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-18T12:02:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Solution Chemistry","date":"2025-08-15T19:25:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-solution-chemistry","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"josl","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Solution Chemistry](http://link.springer.com/journal/10953)","snPcode":"10953","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10953/3","title":"Journal of Solution Chemistry","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8419d7fb-10b0-4fc0-95bf-f533ce1b5479","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-16T09:55:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-28 18:43:42","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7383669","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7383669","identity":"rs-7383669","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}