Understanding Flow around Planetary Moons via Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent Maps

Abstract This contribution focuses on the use of finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) maps to investigate spacecraft motion within the context of the circular restricted three-body problem. The authors expose some of the advantages and shortcomings of FTLE maps and illustrate their use by examining the motion in the vicinity of a moon; in particular, the Jovian moons, Ganymede and Europa. The behavior of trajectories in the vicinity of the moons and the factors that influence their construction are examined. The authors also explore the symmetry relationships of the Lagrangian coherent structures that are defined within the FTLE maps. It is useful to establish relationships between initial conditions within the FTLE maps to understand particular trajectory behaviors in the neighborhoods of moons. The results demonstrate that, by utilizing FTLE maps, a better understanding of spacecraft behavior in the vicinity of celestial bodies emerges, enabling more accurate mission planning and execution.