Assessment of characteristic orthologs in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and their implications for fungal taxonomy

Assessment of characteristic orthologs in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and their implications for fungal taxonomy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Biological Sciences - Article Assessment of characteristic orthologs in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and their implications for fungal taxonomy Masako Takashima, Ri-ichiroh Manabe, Keita Aoki, Masahiro Yuki, and 6 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8904859/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Fungal populations and species can be characterised using DNA sequences from specific genomic regions or entire genomes. However, recognising taxa above the species level still relies primarily on phenotypic characters, particularly morphology, which are often limited in many fungal groups. We examined whether gene presence/absence information could be used for taxonomic characterisation. Using 259 genomes, including 71 newly sequenced ones, we generated a presence/absence matrix of orthologous groups (OGs). Cluster analysis using the Yule coefficient revealed that, in Ascomycota, the presence/absence patterns of OGs were likely associated with evolutionary processes down to the subphylum level. Conversely, in Basidiomycota, these patterns did not necessarily correspond to subphylum classifications, although the reason for this discrepancy remains unclear. Principal component analysis showed that each subphylum could be distinguished by its axes in both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. We then identified characteristically present and absent OGs (98 for Ascomycota, 108 for Basidiomycota, and 321 across both subphyla). Gene Ontology analysis revealed statistically significant functional differences between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: genes related to RNA polymerase II, nucleosome assembly (including the Rpd3L complex), and fungal-type cell wall organisation were enriched in Ascomycota, whereas the membrane and ubiquitin ligase complex were enriched in Basidiomycota. At the subphylum level, several OGs were identified as potential taxonomic markers, such as those associated with methylation (Pezizomycotina), mitochondria (Saccharomycotina), signal transduction (Agaricomycotina), and cell wall synthesis (Pucciniomycotina). Overall, presence/absence ortholog analysis provides a promising approach for characterising taxa based on genomic traits and may contribute to advancing fungal taxonomy above the species level. Biological sciences/Microbiology/Fungi/Fungal genomics Biological sciences/Evolution/Taxonomy Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Introduction The kingdom Fungi comprises the subkingdom Dikarya (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Entorrhizomycota), along with numerous phyla representing early-diverging lineages, often referred to as lower fungi 1– 8 . The robustness of overall fungal phylogeny based on genomic data has been steadily increasing, supported by the growing availability of analytical tools and databases 9 –1 5 . Fungal classifications should reflect such genome-driven diversification events, and several reviews have discussed the expectations and prospects of applying genomic data to taxonomy, a field known as taxogenomics 1 6 . Fungal populations and species can be identified and characterised using DNA sequences from specific regions (e.g., barcode genes) or entire genomes. However, recognising taxa above the species level still relies primarily on phenotypic characters, which are mainly morphological and often used exclusively in limited groups of fungi. Gene gain and loss have been integral processes throughout fungal evolution. These events continue in extant fungi and are thought to be associated with their phylogenetic relationships 1 7 –2 2 . Thus, when genes or partial gene sets are considered traits, it is possible to investigate the key genes characterising each taxon based on whole-genome data. Accordingly, the presence or absence of genes, represented by orthologous groups (OGs), may serve as phenotypic traits useful for characterising higher taxa. Based on their study of the genus Metschnikowia (Saccharomycotina, Ascomycota), Lachance et al. concluded that “presence/absence matrix analyses of orthologous genes show a strong correlation with phylogeny” 2 3 ,2 4 . In our previous study on the genomes of species belonging to Trichosporonales (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota), we demonstrated that presence/absence matrix analyses of OGs are effective for genus-level delineation 2 5 and for detecting potential genetic heterogeneity within a clade, even when the phylogenetic tree appears monophyletic. Thus, OG matrix analyses serve as a valuable tool for identifying phenotypic or genomic features that distinguish one clade from another. Recently, OGs have gained attention as useful markers for distinguishing taxa. For example, seven classes within Saccharomycotina were differentiated using taxon-specific OGs identified through phylogenetic analysis 2 6 . Groenewald et al. 2 6 reclassified subphylum Saccharomycotina into seven classes based on class-specific OGs used as molecular markers for each lineage. In this study, we inductively identified phenotypes from the genomic data of 259 fungal species, treating each gene as a trait. This approach enabled the inclusion of genes beyond those involved in metabolic pathways, thereby greatly expanding the number of analysable genes. To address the common occurrence of gene duplications and heterozygous regions in fungal genomes 2 7 – 30 , we generated a normalised presence/absence matrix using OrthoFinder 3 1 . This process also allowed the inclusion of hybrid genomes commonly found in both domestic and natural environments 3 2 . Although this analysis can be affected by the total number of genes, we assumed that the effect size would be smaller than that estimated based on the genome size because we used OG in this study. Because accurately detecting gene absences is critical for this type of analysis, the matrix was validated using the urease gene 3 3 ,3 4 and enzymes involved in chitin synthesis and degradation 3 5 ,3 6 . Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to assess whether the presence/absence patterns were related to fungal classification. Characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs for each taxon were identified by evaluating whether the presence/absence pattern of an OG was consistent with the fungal taxonomy. We discuss the relationship between individual genes and their taxonomic significance. These findings are valuable not only for characterising taxa based on specific traits but also for advancing both fundamental and applied microbiology. Results Matrix Construction. The matrix was constructed using a total of 259 fungal genomes, including 71 newly sequenced in this study (Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1). Certain important taxa (e.g., Entorrhizomycota) were excluded due to the absence of genome data in the database. Because the number of genes varied among genomes, complete OG extraction was performed for normalisation and to generate a presence/absence matrix. Protein data from five eukaryotic model organisms ( Drosophila melanogaster , Dictyostelium discoideum , Homo sapiens , Arabidopsis thaliana , and Caenorhabditis elegans ) were included in the OrthoFinder input dataset to facilitate annotation and subsequent functional analyses. In cases where multiple genes from a single fungal genome (e.g., paralogs or duplicated genes) were assigned to the same OG, they were treated as “present,” resulting in a binary matrix. Initially, 315,198 OGs were identified, comprising those shared among multiple strains and those unique to a single strain. After excluding singletons, 48,561 OGs shared by two or more fungal strains were retained for analysis. Among these, 198 OGs were common to all taxa and defined as the core OGs (Table 1). Because accurate detection of gene absence is critical for this analysis, the suitability of the matrix was verified as follows. First, the distribution pattern of urease genes was examined, given that negative urease activity has historically been used in yeast taxonomy 3 3 ,3 4 . Urease genes were detected in 69 of the 72 Pezizomycotina strains and in 104 of the 105 Basidiomycota strains, but as expected, were absent from Saccharomycotina species. Second, the distribution of enzymes involved in chitin synthesis and degradation was analysed. The observed enzyme distribution patterns among Taphrinomycotina were consistent with previous reports—absent in Pneumocystis species 3 7 and present as a single gene in Schizosaccharomyces species 3 8 (Supplementary Table 2). Having confirmed that gene absences were accurately detected, we proceeded with the subsequent presence/absence matrix analyses. Cluster Analysis. The phenotype of each fungus is determined by the genes it currently possesses, whether gained through evolution or retained from ancestral lineages. From a taxonomic perspective, traits that are absent—either originally lacking or lost during evolution—can also serve as distinguishing features of a given taxon. Cluster analysis using Yule coefficients was performed to examine the relationship between presence/absence patterns and phylogeny. Fungal genomes were grouped into four main clusters (Fig. 2): clusters 1 and 3 corresponded to Microsporidia and the early-diverging lineages excluding Microsporidia, respectively. Ascomycota (cluster 2) was clearly separated from both Basidiomycota (cluster 4) and the early-diverging lineages (cluster 3), with Basidiomycota appearing as a later branch derived from cluster 3. Ascomycota (cluster 2) was further divided into three subclusters corresponding to its three subphyla Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, and Taphrinomycotina; however, the clustering order differed from the established phylogenetic relationships 9 . In particular, Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina formed a combined cluster (subcluster 2-1), which was subsequently connected to Pezizomycotina (subcluster 2-2). Basidiomycota comprises four subphyla: Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, and Wallemiomycotina. However, the results of the cluster analysis did not correspond to these subphylum classifications. Agaricomycotina was subdivided into four groups (subclusters 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, and 4-5). Pucciniomycotina was divided into two groups: Pucciniomycetes (subcluster 4-4) formed a cluster with Tremellomycetes and Ustilaginomycotina (subcluster 4-7). Meanwhile, Agaricostilbomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, and Mixiomycetes—fungi exhibiting a yeast-like lifestyle in culture—formed another cluster (subcluster 4-8). When a dendrogram was constructed excluding the genomes in subcluster 4-8, the overall clustering pattern remained unchanged (Extended DataFig. 1), suggesting that subcluster 4-8 may contain OGs specific to this group. These findings indicate that the contribution of OG presence/absence patterns to phylogenetic structure may differ between the subphylum levels of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. When the OGs shared among clusters were analysed (Supplementary Table 3), no common OGs were found between Ascomycota (cluster 2), Basidiomycota (cluster 3), and the early-diverging lineages. Moreover, no OGs were shared between the Taphrinomycotina + Saccharomycotina subcluster (2-1) and Pezizomycotina (2-2). Only two OGs were common between Taphrinomycotina (2-1-1) and Saccharomycotina (2-1-2). These findings suggest that although presence/absence patterns influence phylogenetic relationships within Ascomycota, the specific patterns differ substantially among its subphyla. FastOMA Analysis. In Ascomycota, patterns of gene gain and loss could be inferred as being linked to evolutionary processes at both the phylum and subphylum levels, whereas this was not evident in Basidiomycota. Therefore, we estimated the gene numbers for each phylum and subphylum within Dikarya using the recently developed FastOMA analysis 3 9 (Fig. 3). The ancestral gene count of Ascomycota was comparable to that of Basidiomycota, with both primarily retaining genes from the common ancestor of Dikarya and exhibiting few gene gains or losses. Subsequently, extensive gene loss occurred approximately 3 and 2.2 times in Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina, respectively—more frequently than in Pezizomycotina—which may be associated with their specific lifestyles 40 . In Basidiomycota, gene loss was relatively limited in the ancestor of Agaricomycotina; however, many genes were lost in those of Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, and Wallemiomycotina. When gene numbers of the respective classes were extrapolated to examine differences between yeast and filamentous lifestyle lineages, little difference was observed within Pucciniomycotina between filamentous (subcluster 4-4 in Fig. 2) and yeast lineage nodes (4-8, ibid) (Extended Data Table 1). In Agaricomycotina, the gene losses detected at the Tremellomycetes node were approximately three quarters of those detected at the node of Agaricomycetes+Dacrymycetes (filamentous and mushroom forms); these patterns contrast with that observed in Ascomycota. PCA. PCA illustrates the positional relationships among genomes based on principal components (PCs). The proportions of variance explained by the first, second, and third components (PC1–3) were 17.5%, 11.3%, and 4.9%, respectively (Fig. 4). A three-dimensional (3D) plot based on PC1, PC2, and PC3 is provided in the Supplementary File. The close proximity of several genomes belonging to the same species within the dataset indicates that the clustering of strains reflects the similarity in their genomic compositions. Species from early-diverging lineages were located near the centre of the two-dimensional (2D) plot, with Ascomycota positioned on one side and Basidiomycota on the other along PC1 (Fig. 4). These two groups were clearly separated according to the Tukey–Kramer test based on PC1, PC2, and PC3 (Extended Data Fig. 3, Supplementary Table 4). Among the three subphyla of Ascomycota, Taphrinomycotina appeared near the early-diverging lineages, whereas Saccharomycotina and Pezizomycotina were clearly separated, with Pezizomycotina located on the positive side of PC1 and Saccharomycotina near the middle of the 2D plot (Fig. 4). Taphrinomycetes were positioned closer to Lipomycetes, a basal lineage of Saccharomycotina, than to Pezizomycotina (Pezizomycetes and Leotiomycetes) (Fig. 4, Extended Data Fig. 4a). Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina did not differ significantly overall but were significantly separated along PC2 (Supplementary Table 4). In Saccharomycotina, Pichiomycetes and Saccharomycetes formed a dense cluster in the 2D plot (Fig. 4, Extended Data Fig. 4a). Within this group, Pichiomycetes was divided into two clusters, Pichiales and Alaniales, which were positioned closer to Saccharomycetes than to Serinales. Species of Alloascoideomycetes, Dipodascomycetes, Sporopachydermiomycetes, and Trigonopsidomycetes (representing early-diverging lineages of Saccharomycetales sensu Lachance and Kurtzman 4 1 ) were loosely scattered between Lipomycetes and the cluster formed by Pichiomycetes and Saccharomycetes. The distribution pattern of Pezizomycotina differed from that of Saccharomycotina, forming a line extending from near the centre of the 2D plot toward the positive side of PC1, with no evident taxon-dependent clusters (Fig. 4). PCA performed using only Ascomycota data revealed a characteristic distribution along respective lineage trajectories, as observed for Sordariomycetes and Leotiomycetes, which corresponded with perithecium morphology (Extended Data Fig. 4a). Among the four subphyla of Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina was separated from Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina along PC1 and PC2. Although Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina did not differ significantly along PC1, they were separated along PC2. Wallemiomycotina was not included in the statistical analysis because only two samples were available; however, it appeared distinct from Agaricomycotina (Extended Data Fig. 4b). Thus, Basidiomycota also separated into groups corresponding to subphyla along the PCA axes. Based on these results, we considered that the presence/absence matrix could be used to identify OGs as shared traits characterising Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, as well as their respective subphyla. Characteristically Present and Absent OGs across Taxa. We attempted to identify characteristic OGs within the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and among their respective subphyla. Briefly, characteristically present OGs (i.e., gained, duplicated, or retained) of Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina (ChaPOG-Pe, ChaPOG-Sa, ChaPOG-Ta, ChaPOG-Ag, ChaPOG-Pu, and ChaPOG-Us, respectively) were identified using Fisher’s exact test (> 90%, p < 0.05). Although the phenotype of each fungus is determined by the genes it currently possesses, from a taxonomic perspective, traits that are absent (or have been lost) in a given taxon are also characteristic of that taxon. Therefore, we also investigated characteristically absent OGs (ChaAOGs) (Supplementary Table 5a–f). Wallemiomycotina was not used as a constraint because only two genomes were included in the dataset. Additionally, early-diverging lineages were not subjected to constraint to allow detection of OGs present in common ancestors. Even within Ascomycota, where the presence/absence pattern corresponded to phylogeny, the ChaPOGs of the respective subphyla varied greatly among taxa (Supplementary Table 5a–c). Only two OGs were identified for ChaPOG-Ta (OG0015705, NP_587927.1, and OG0008608, NP_596288.2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe ), likely due to the limited number of strains in the dataset despite the potential genetic heterogeneity within this taxon. The number of ChaPOGs in Pezizomycotina (202 OGs) was approximately eightfold higher than that in Saccharomycotina (25 OGs). In Pezizomycotina, the identified OGs were related to morphology, including the major protein of the Woronin body (OG0006055), septal pore structure (OG0006219, OG0006000, and OG0004769), and HET domain-containing proteins (OG0000038 and OG000625). In Basidiomycota, the numbers of ChaPOGs in the respective subphyla were also smaller than those in Pezizomycotina. In particular, Agaricomycotina and Pucciniomycotina, which did not form a single cluster (Fig. 2), had fewer ChaPOGs (24 OGs for ChaPOG-Ag and 12 OGs for ChaPOG-Pu) than Ustilaginomycotina (38 OGs), although all were higher than those of Taphrinomycotina. Regarding the ChaPOGs at the phylum level, nearly the same number of OGs were identified: 98 OGs for ChaPOG-As and 108 for ChaPOG-Ba (Table 1, Supplementary Table 5g, h). Several OGs that have been reported as characteristically present are listed (e.g., STE2, OG0004554, in ChaPOG-As 4 2 ). Because early divergent lineages were not constrained during selection, the ChaPOGs included not only OGs gained within the taxon but also those retained from the ancestor. Consequently, approximately half of the ChaPOG-As and ChaPOG-Ba were also shared to some extent with early divergent lineages. Unlike ChaPOG-As and ChaPOG-Ba, the characteristically present OGs in each subphylum rarely overlapped with those of early-diverging lineages. In Pezizomycotina, among the 202 OGs identified in ChaPOG-Pe, 183 were taxon-specific. In Ustilaginomycotina (ChaPOG-Us), all characteristically present OGs were taxon-specific (Supplementary Table 5). These results suggest that the ChaPOGs of the respective subphyla may have been acquired through environmental adaptation after the divergence of Dikarya into Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The morphology-related ChaPOGs-Pe likely emerged during evolutionary processes following divergence from the ancestral lineage. Gene Ontology (GO) Analysis of ChaPOGs and ChaAOGs in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Most of the obtained OGs appeared to play important roles in fungal cells, including nuclear and ribosomal maintenance. GO analysis was performed to examine differences in the selected OGs that were characteristically present or absent, both between phyla and among subphyla. In ChaPOG-As, several Biological Process (BP) terms were significantly enriched (Fig. 5): RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly (GO:0051123); positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (GO:0060261); nucleosome assembly (GO:0006334); and attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore (GO:0008608). Among the Cellular Component (CC) terms, enrichment was observed for the core mediator complex (OG0004296, OG0004460, OG0004598, OG0004527, and OG00045695; corresponding to SRB4, MED4, MED8, ROX3, and SRB5 in S. cerevisiae , respectively) and the Rpd3L complex (OG0004296, OG0004460, and OG0004598; corresponding to SDS3, SAP30, and RXT2). OG0004250 and OG0004532 (HIR3 and HPC2) were also associated with the HIR complex (GO:0000417). Considering that some of these OGs were also present in early-diverging lineages, the OGs related to cell growth that are absent in Basidiomycota were likely acquired during evolution, with some retained from the ancestor of Dikarya. In addition, the BP term fungal-type cell wall organisation (GO:0031505) was enriched in five OGs: OG0002321, OG0001218, OG0001766, OG0001084, and OG0004019 (corresponding to ECM33, SIM1, SED1, PUN1, and MHP1 in S. cerevisiae , respectively). Among these, only OG0002321 was shared with early-diverging lineages, unlike the other two enriched BP categories. For ChaPOGs-Ba (108 OGs), a total of 32 OGs were categorised under the membrane (GO:0016020, CC), which showed strong enrichment. Although the annotation of Basidiomycota genomes is limited, we found that 15 of these of 32 OGs were described as “transmembrane” (including two transporters; Supplementary Table 5h). The SCF ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0019005) was also slightly enriched; all OGs associated with this term were annotated as “F-box domain-containing proteins” in the database. In addition, another OG (OG0004749) annotated as “F-box domain-containing protein” was identified (Supplementary Table 5h), although no corresponding GO term was available. Regarding ChaPOGs for subphyla, the number of enriched data points was limited, probably because limited OG data were available for each subphylum. Briefly, in Pezizomycotina, membrane (GO:0016020) was enriched, with three OGs annotated as hydrolases (OG0006264, OG0006235, and OG0006350). We also detected three OGs (OG0006303, OG0005805, and OG0005902) associated with methyltransferase activity (GO:0008168, MF), the phylogenetic diversity of which has been discussed previously 4 3 ,4 4 (Extended Data Fig. 5, Supplementary Table 5a). In Saccharomycotina, OGs related to mitochondria were enriched (Extended Data Fig. 5, Supplementary Table 5b). Although Pucciniomycotina consisted of two distinct clusters, common characteristics were identified in this study. Terms associated with the mannan metabolic process (GO:0006080, GO:0016985) were listed in ChaPOG-Pu, whereas terms related to glucan biosynthesis (GO:0006491, GO:0070880) appeared in ChaAOG-Pu. This result suggests that one OG related to glucan synthesis was commonly lost, whereas one OG associated with the mannan metabolic process was commonly retained. Consequently, cell wall synthesis and organisation in Pucciniomycotina are presumed to differ from those of other fungi (Extended Data Fig. 6, Supplementary Table 5e). This finding may be linked to the phenotype in which mannose dominance is characteristic of Pucciniomycotina cell wall sugar composition 4 5 –4 7 . In Agaricomycotina, we identified the fucose metabolic process (GO:0006004) for OG0004444 (GDP-fucose protein O -fucosyltransferase), which is associated with signal transduction pathways 4 8 . In addition, OG0005563 (Ser-Thr-rich glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane family protein) was found, for which no GO term was available in our analysis. When combined with the ChaAOG-Ag data, these findings suggest that Agaricomycotina may possess characteristically present OGs associated with vacuolar and endoplasmic reticulum metabolism (Extended Data Fig. 6, Supplementary Table 5d). Discussion Potential of Presence/Absence Matrix Analysis. Taxonomy should reflect phylogeny; therefore, taxonomic systems are constructed based on phylogenetic relationships as well as phenotypic characteristics that provide information necessary for defining each taxon. In this study, we investigated whether the analysis of presence/absence OGs, which result from gene gain and loss during evolution, can be useful for identifying characteristic traits and delineating boundaries between taxa in Dikarya. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota diverged approximately 500 million years ago from the common ancestor of Dikarya (Berbee et al. 3 , Shen et al. 50 , Tedersoo et al. 7 , Zhao et al. 4 9 ). The Yule coefficient used in the cluster analysis generally reflected the relationship between the presence/absence pattern of OGs and phylogeny, with a couple of exceptions. Ascomycota was clearly separated from both Basidiomycota and the early-diverging lineages, with Basidiomycota appearing as a later branch. At the subphylum level, three clusters corresponding to the three subphyla were found in Ascomycota, whereas in Basidiomycota, the Yule clusters did not necessarily coincide with subphylum-level classification. Based on these results, after divergence from the common ancestor of Dikarya, the relationship between the presence/absence pattern resulting from gene gain and loss and phylogeny in Ascomycota may differ from that in Basidiomycota. First, in Ascomycota, the presence/absence pattern appears to have influenced the evolutionary process from the phylum to the subphylum level to some extent, after which various diversification events likely occurred within each subphylum. Second, in Basidiomycota, the presence/absence pattern may have had less impact on diversification and evolution during the transition from phylum to subphylum. However, there may be specific, functionally important genes that have not yet been identified. One possible explanation is “gene loss, whereby ancestors of a descendant clade lose certain ancestral traits” (John Taylor, personal communication), which may help to explain why the Yule clusters of Basidiomycota did not necessarily align with subphylum-level classifications, and may also reflect results from genome-based phylogenies, which indicate that the order of divergence within Basidiomycota remains unresolved 9 . PCA can illustrate the positional relationships among genomes using both presence/absence pattern data and commonly shared genomic data. In this study, the separation among subphyla within Basidiomycota appeared less distinct than that observed in Ascomycota. However, each subphylum was statistically classified using the Tukey–Kramer test based on PC1–3. These findings suggest that presence/absence OG analysis can be effectively applied to identify characteristic traits and delineate taxonomic boundaries. To date, the relationship between individual genes and their taxonomic significance has been rarely discussed. In this study, we identified a total of 725 candidate OGs, including 198 core OGs for Fungi (Supplementary Table 5i). Although annotation data are sometimes limited, the taxonomic significance of OGs can be inferred using annotation information from model organisms such as S. cerevisiae , S. pombe , and additional reference species. For example, STE2 (OG0004554 in S. cerevisiae ) is present only in Ascomycota, being absent from Basidiomycota and early-diverging lineages, suggesting that species in these latter lineages may possess a mating system distinct from that of Ascomycota 4 2 ,5 1 . We propose that Supplementary Table 5 contains such important genes and will contribute not only to fungal taxonomy but also to fundamental and applied microbiology. Comparison of Characteristically Present/Absent OGs. The characteristically present and absent OGs of Ascomycota differ significantly from those of Basidiomycota, particularly among OGs closely associated with cell growth. RNA polymerase II, primarily involved in mRNA transcription and protein synthesis, has also been implicated in ribosome biogenesis 5 2 . The Rpd3L complex is a Class I histone deacetylase complex, and recent Cryo-EM data have revealed critical interactions between RXT2, SAP30, and SDS3 5 3 . Although the structure of the Rpd3L complex in Basidiomycota has not been reported, OGs corresponding to RXT2, SAP30, and SDS3 were not detected in Basidiomycota in this study (Fig. 5), suggesting that the genes encoding the Rpd3L complex in Basidiomycota may differ from those in Ascomycota. However, it remains unclear whether these differences are common across Basidiomycota or lineage-specific. Because the core mediator complex also regulates chromatin architecture 5 4 , these BPs are likely closely linked to chromatin-related phenotypes. Kinetochore and centrosome structures are critical for cell proliferation and maintenance, yet their characteristics, such as presence/absence and morphological similarities and differences, remain poorly studied in many higher taxa. Dikarya form spindle pole bodies instead of centrioles during cell division. In Ascomycota, spindle pole body morphologies are generally consistent within the phylum, whereas in Basidiomycota, they vary among taxa, including across subphyla and even classes, as revealed by microstructural analyses 2,5 5 ,5 6 . Kinetochore proteins are reported to be conserved among Ascomycota taxa but differ from those in Basidiomycota 5 7 –5 9 . Some ChaPOGs-As identified in this study may contribute to these observed similarities in kinetochore protein composition and spindle pole body morphology within Ascomycota. Overall, the presence/absence analysis conducted in this study revealed that qualitative characteristics are encoded in genome data and can be used to identify traits—both similarities and differences—that may not be detected through phylogenetic analysis alone. Because the presence/absence patterns of OGs in Ascomycota correspond to both subphylum- and phylum-level phylogeny, the matrix allows the identification of informative genes that serve as taxonomic markers (e.g., OGs shown in Fig. 5 for the phylum level, methylation for the subphylum level). In Basidiomycota, however, additional data from both phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses will be required, as only one GO term (SCF ubiquitin ligase complex) was found, despite obtaining nearly the same number of ChaPOGs. Although gene annotation remains limited, particularly for fungi-specific genes, we also identified a characteristic OG potentially related to cell wall synthesis in Pucciniomycotina and OGs potentially involved in signal transduction pathways associated with cell growth in Agaricomycotina. As additional data accumulate and comprehensive functional analyses are performed, further insights into the traits that define each taxon are expected to emerge. Finally, it remains difficult to imagine how the large gene gain observed in this study could occur in both the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (John Taylor, personal communication). This question represents an interesting line of research for future study. Declarations Acknowledgments We are very thankful to Prof. John Taylor, Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, for the insightful and constructive pre-review of drafts of this manuscript. We thank Drs. Rikiya Endoh and Shihomi Uzuhashi (presently at the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Research Center of Genetic Resources) at the Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, for DNA preparation that enabled genome sequencing. We also thank Dr. Yoshinobu Kaneko, Tokyo NODAI Research Institute (TNRI), Tokyo University of Agriculture, for his valuable comments. M.T. was supported by the foundation of the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka (IFO), (K-2020-006). R.M. was supported by a Research Grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan to the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences. Genome sequencing was partially funded by the Genome Information Upgrading Program of the National BioResource Project of MEXT, with financial support provided to M.O. and R.M. Author Contributions M.T., R.M., K.A., and N.T. designed the research; M.T, G.O., and M.O. cultured fungal strains; R.M. performed genome sequencing; M.T., R.M., K.A., M.Y., G.O., Y.K, T.S, J.S., M.O., and N.A. analyzed data; M.T., R.M., K.A. and N.T. drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the assessment of results, manuscript revision and final approval for publication. Competing Interest Statement All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Raw sequence reads and genome assemblies for all 71 newly sequenced genomes have been deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank, with accession numbers provided in Supplementary Table 1. These data are also publicly available from the JCM website (http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/nbrp/nbrp_list.cgi). References Hibbett, D. S. et al. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. Mycol. Res . 111 , 509–547 (2007). Hibbett, D. S.et al. 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Genome analysis of three Pneumocystis species reveals adaptation mechanisms to life exclusively in mammalian hosts. Nat. Commun . 7 , 10740 (2016). Pacheco-Arjona, J. R. & Ramirez-Prado, J. H. Large-scale phylogenetic classification of fungal chitin synthases and identification of a putative cell-wall metabolism gene cluster in Aspergillus genomes. PLoS One 9 , e104920 (2014). Majidian,S. et al. Orthology inference at scale with FastOMA. Nat Methods, 2 2 , 269–272 (2025). Spatafora,J. W. et al. The fungal tree of life: from molecular systematics to genome-scale phylogenies. Microbiol. Spectr . 5 , 10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0053-2016 (2017). Lachance, M. A. & Kurtzman, C. P. The yeast genus Tortispora gen. nov., description of Tortispora ganteri sp. nov., Tortispora mauiana f.a., sp. nov., Tortispora agaves f.a., sp. nov., Tortispora sangerardonensis f.a., sp. nov., Tortispora cuajiniquilana f.a., sp. nov., Tortispora starmeri f.a., sp. nov. and Tortispora phaffii f.a., sp. nov., reassignment of Candida caseinolytica to Tortispora caseinolytica f.a., comb. nov., emendation of Botryozyma , and assignment of Botryozyma , Tortispora gen. nov. and Trigonopsis to the family Trigonopsidaceae fam. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 63 , 3104–3114 (2013). Bennett, R. J. & Turgeon, B. G. Fungal sex: The Ascomycota. Microbiol. Spectr . 4 , 10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0005-2016 (2016). Nai, Y. S., Huang, Y. C., Yen, M. R. & Chen, P. Y. Diversity of fungal DNA methyltransferases and their association with DNA methylation patterns. Front Microbiol. 11 , 616922 (2021). Kim, H., Hu, J., Kang, H. & Kim, W. Phylogenetic and functional analyses of N 6 -methyladenosine RNA methylation factors in the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum . mSphere , 9 , e0055223 (2024). Gow, N. A. R., Latge, J. P. & Munro, C. A. The fungal cell wall: Structure, biosynthesis, and function. Microbiol. Spectr . 5 , 10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0035-2016 (2017). Prillinger, H. et al. “Chemotaxonomy of yeasts,” in THE YEASTS, A TAXONOMIC STUDY (FIFTH EDITION) (eds Kurtzman, C. P., Fell, J. W. & Boekhout, T.) 129–136 (Elsevier Science, 2011). Takashima, M., Hamamoto, M. & Nakase, T. Taxonomic significance of fucose in the class Urediniomycetes: distribution of fucose in cell wall and phylogeny of urediniomycetous yeasts. Syst. Appl. Microbiol . 23 , 63–70 (2000). Lowe, J. B. Cell biology. Does Notch take the sweet road to success? Science , 307 , 1570–1572 (2005). Zhao,R. L. et al. A six-gene phylogenetic overview of Basidiomycota and allied phyla with estimated divergence times of higher taxa and a phyloproteomics perspective. Fungal Divers. 84 , 43–74 (2017). Shen,X. X. et al. Genome-scale phylogeny and contrasting modes of genome evolution in the fungal phylum Ascomycota. Sci. Adv . 6 , eabd0079 (2020). Coelho, M. A., Bakkeren, G., Sun, S., Hood, M. E. & Giraud, T. Fungal sex: The Basidiomycota. Microbiol. Spectr . 5 , 10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0046-2016 (2017). Abraham, K. J. et al. Nucleolar RNA polymerase II drives ribosome biogenesis. Nature 585 , 298–302 (2020). Patel,A. B. et al. Cryo-EM structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex. Nat. Commun . 14 , 3061 (2023). Allen, B. L. & Taatjes, D. J. The mediator complex: a central integrator of transcription. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 16 , 155–166 (2015). Celio, G. J., Padamsee, M., Dentinger, B. T., Bauer, R. & McLaughlin, D. J. Assembling the fungal tree of life: constructing the structural and biochemical database. Mycologia 98 , 850–859 (2006). Swann, E. C., Frieders, E. M. & McLaughlin, D. J. Microbotryum , Kriegeria and the changing paradigm in basidiomycete classification. Mycologia 91 , 51–66 (1999). Freitag, M. The kinetochore interaction network (KIN) of ascomycetes. Mycologia 108 , 485–505 (2016). van Hooff, J. J., Tromer, E., van Wijk, L. M., Snel, B. & Kops, G. J. Evolutionary dynamics of the kinetochore network in eukaryotes as revealed by comparative genomics. EMBO Rep . 18 , 1559–1571 (2017). Hamilton, G. E. & Davis, T. N. Biochemical evidence for diverse strategies in the inner kinetochore. Open Biol . 10 , 200284 (2020). Materials and Methods Taxon Sampling. In total, 259 genomes were analysed in this study, including 242 Dikarya species (137 Ascomycota and 105 Basidiomycota) and 17 species from early-diverging lineages. Of these, 71 genomes were newly sequenced (Fig. 1, Supplementary Table 1). Entorrhizomycota (Dikarya) was excluded due to the lack of publicly available genomic data. The genome of Calcarisporiella thermophil a (previously classified as Dikarya, currently Calcarisporiellomycota, Mucoromyceta), which was very recently published, could not be included in this analysis. Strain information and statistics on data sources and quality are summarised in Supplementary Table 1. Taxonomic classifications were obtained from MycoBank (https://www.mycobank.org/) and Index Fungorum (https://indexfungorum.org/). For Candida species indicated in square brackets, classification follows the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Among the newly sequenced species, the higher taxon of Kendrickiella phycomyces was previously designated as Ascomycota incertae sedis 60 . In this study, however, the species is referred to as Leotiomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota), based on both a previous study 6 1 and our own analyses. Genome Sequences, Gene Prediction, and Annotation. Genome sequences of the strains analysed in this study were obtained from the Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM) at RIKEN BioResource Center. The genome sequences of the JCM strains (Fig. 1, Supplementary Table 1) were determined following the method of Takashima et al. 30 . Protein-coding genes for the JCM strains were predicted using the MAKER annotation pipeline (release 2.31.8) 6 2 , incorporating AUGUSTUS v3.0.3 6 3 , SNAP (2013-02-16) 6 4 , and GeneMark-ES (Suite 4.21) 6 5 . Presence/Absence Matrix Generation . OrthoFinder 1.0.3 3 1 was used to infer OGs from 259 proteomes, including the predicted proteomes of the 71 JCM strains, using the default parameters (Supplementary Table 1). Protein data from five model organisms ( D. melanogaster , D. discoideum , H. sapiens , A. thaliana, and C. elegans ) were included in the OrthoFinder input to facilitate functional annotation (e.g., gene annotation, protein complexes, roles in signalling cascades), although these model organisms were not included in the cluster analysis and PCA. Although we did not fully exploit these model organisms in downstream analyses, they contributed to the annotation of several OGs (e.g., OG0000194, OG0005985). In total, 2,397,174 proteins from 259 proteomes were clustered into 315,198 OGs, comprising those shared by multiple strains and those present in only a single strain, including the added model organisms. OGs present in two or more genomes were retained, excluding singletons, resulting in a dataset of 48,561 OGs. For simplicity, we did not consider gene duplication in this analysis, and a binary matrix was generated based on the presence (1) or absence (0) of each OG in each strain. Matrix Suitability Assessment . Because accurate detection of absence data was critical for this analysis, the suitability of the matrix was verified in two steps. First, the distribution of urease genes was examined, as urease-negative activity has previously been used in yeast taxonomy 3 3 ,3 4 . Second, the matrix was assessed by evaluating the distribution of enzymes involved in chitin synthesis and degradation across a wide range of fungi (Supplementary Table 2). For chitin synthesis, six OGs corresponding to chitin synthases were examined in representative genomes. For chitin degradation, seven OGs assigned to chitinases and six OGs assigned to chitin deacetylases were evaluated (Supplementary Table 2). Cluster Analysis and FastOMA Analysis. Cluster analysis of the data matrix was performed using the scipy.spatial.distance and the scipy.cluster.hierarchy modules implemented in Python v3.13.5 6 6 . Comparative genomics analysis was performed by accelerating orthology inference using the OMA algorithm with FastOMA v1.4.1-1.el9 3 9 . The input tree topology used for FastOMA analysis was constructed using OrthoFinder 2.5.5 31, 67 – 69 using default parameter values (see Extended Data Fig. 2). PCA . PCA was performed using the prcomp function in R v4.4.0 70 . The first three components (PC1–3) explained 17.5%, 11.3%, and 4.9% of the total variance, respectively. The results are presented as 2D plots (Fig. 4, Extended Data Fig. 4) and 3D plots (Supplementary File); the latter was generated using the Plotly Express module in Python v3.10.8 6 6 . Selection of Characteristically Present/Absent OGs. Characteristically present and absent OGs were identified from the binary matrix using Fisher’s exact tests calculated with the scipy.stats module implemented in Python v3.13.5 6 6 . ChaPOGs of Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina were defined as OGs present in more than 90% of the respective subphylum but absent from other Dikarya subphyla (p < 0.05). Wallemiomycotina was not included as a constraint because only two genomes were available in the dataset. Early-diverging lineages were also not constrained to allow investigation of OGs potentially present in a common ancestor. ChaPOGs of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were selected similarly, without including Wallemiomycotina (Supplementary Table 5a–h). The description of each OG was based on the representative genome included in that OG, as determined from the GenBank database (August–December 2023). If an OG contained multiple genes, only one was designated as the representative. GO annotations were obtained from UniProt (https://www.uniprot.org/). For OGs lacking GO data, annotations of model organisms included in the same OG were examined. If GO terms were still unavailable, Alphafold (https://alphafold.com/) was manually searched, and protein data with GO information and high pLDDT scores were selected as alternative representatives (June 2024–July 2025). Additionally, a list of core OGs shared across all Fungi, along with their annotations, is provided (Supplementary Table 5i). GO Enrichment Analysis. GO enrichment analysis was performed using the GOseq package in R v4.4.3. In total, 1,564 GO terms based on 656 OGs were analysed; annotation information was obtained from the GO.db library. Although GO data were obtained using both Foldseek and MMseqs2 from AlphaFold, the Foldseek data were selected based on the criteria described in a previous study 71 . For each subphylum, characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs were analysed separately. Method References Wijayawardene, N. N. et al. Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021. Mycosphere 13 , 53–453 (2022). Kiyuna, T. et al. Bristle-like fungal colonizers on the stone walls of the Kitora and Takamatsuzuka Tumuli are identified as Kendrickiella phycomyces . Mycoscience 53 , 446–459 (2012). Cantarel,B. L. et al. MAKER: an easy-to-use annotation pipeline designed for emerging model organism genomes. Genome Res . 18 , 188–196 (2008). Stanke, M., Schöffmann, O., Morgenstern, B. & Waack, S. Gene prediction in eukaryotes with a generalized hidden Markov model that uses hints from external sources. BMC Bioinformatics 7 , 62 (2006). Johnson, A. D. et al. SNAP: a web-based tool for identification and annotation of proxy SNPs using HapMap. Bioinformatics 24 , 2938–2939 (2008). Ter-Hovhannisyan, V., Lomsadze, A., Chernoff, Y. O. & Borodovsky, M. Gene prediction in novel fungal genomes using an ab initio algorithm with unsupervised training. Genome Res . 18 , 1979–1990 (2008). Rossum, G. V. & Drake, F. L. Python 3 Reference Manual , (CreateSpace, 2009). Emms D.M. & Kelly S. OrthoFinder: phylogenetic orthology inference for comparative genomics. Genome Biol . 20 , 238 (2019). Emms D.M. & Kelly S. STRIDE: Species tree root inference from gene duplication events. Mol . Biol . Evol . 34 , 3267–3278 (2017). Emms D.M. & Kelly S. STAG: Species tree inference from all genes. (2018) bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/267914. R Core Team, Date from “R: A language and environment for statistical computing.” R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. (2022) https://www.Rproject.org/. van KempenM. et al. Fast and accurate protein structure search with Foldseek. Nat. Biotechnol . 42 , 243–246 (2024). Table Table 1. Summary of selected characteristically present and characteristically absent ortholog groups (OGs) 1 Gene Ontology data were obtained from a database that included the reference species used in this study. Further details are provided in Supplementary Table 5. Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryTable1.xlsx Supplementary Information Supplementary Table 1. List of genomes used in this study. Classification data were obtained from Mycobank (https://www.mycobank.org/) and Index Fungorum (https://indexfungorum.org/). Candida species in square brackets were classified using the NCBI taxonomy database. 1 , see Materials and Methods. SupplementaryTable2.xlsx Supplementary Table 2. Distribution of OGs involved in chitin synthesis and degradation. 1 , N., Neolecta; Pneu., Pneumocystis; Pro., Protomyces; Sai., Saitoella; Schi., Schizosaccharomyces; T., Taphrina. 2 , A., Aspergillus; B., Beauveria; C., Coprinopsis; D., Diplodia; E., Encephalitozoon; Mac., Macrophomina; Muc., Mucor; S., Saccharomyces; Schi., Schizosaccharomyces; T., Trichoderma. SupplementaryTable3.xlsx Supplementary Table 3. OGs shared among clusters based on cluster analysis using Yule coefficients. SupplementaryTable4.xlsx Supplementary Table 4. Tukey–Kramer test results for PC1, PC2, and PC3. SupplementaryTable5.xlsx Supplementary Table 5. OGs that characterise (a) Pezizomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (b) Saccharomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (c) Taphnimomycotina (characteristically present OGs); (d) Agaricomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (e) Pucciniomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (f) Ustilaginomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (g) Ascomycota (characteristically present OGs); (h) Basidiomycota (characteristically present OGs); (i) OGs present in all species. SupplementaryFile.html Supplementary File Three-dimensional plot of principal component analysis results, presented as an HTML file. Scientific names and principal component values can be accessed by hovering a cursor over the genome symbols. Extendeddata.docx Extended Dataset Extended Data Fig. 1. Cluster analysis of a presence/absence matrix of orthologue groups (OGs), excluding genomes belonging to subcluster 4-8 in Figure 2. Colours of scientific names represent classes within Dikarya or subkingdoms among early-diverging lineages, as shown in Figure 1. Extended Data Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of 259 fungal genomes used for FastOMA analysis. The tree topology was constructed with OrthoFinder 2.5.5 31, 67–69 using default parameter values. Colours of scientific names represent classes within Dikarya or subkingdoms among early-diverging lineages, as shown in Figure 1. Extended Data Fig. 3. Tukey–Kramer test results at the (a) phylum and (b) subphylum levels were performed for principal components (PCs) 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In each panel, different letters indicate significant differences between groups. Extended Data Fig. 4. Phylum-level principal component analysis results for (a) Ascomycota and (b) Basidiomycota. Two-dimensional plots of PC1 and PC2 are shown. Symbols and colours indicate Dikarya classes, as in Figure 1. Extended Data Fig. 5. The 10 most highly enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms ( P < 0.05) of characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs in subphyla of Ascomycota. Detailed data are provided in Supplementary Table 5a–c. Extended Data Fig. 6. The 10 most highly enriched GO terms ( P < 0.05) of characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs in subphyla of Basidiomycota. Detailed data are provided in Supplementary Table 5d–f. SIguide.docx Extended Data Table 1. Gene gain, duplication, retention, and loss extrapolated at nodes of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota using the FastOMA v1.4.1-1.el9 package 39 . 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8904859","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Biological Sciences - Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":594112659,"identity":"eb9ca592-6c54-4dcd-8236-5a6c03fc0a9f","order_by":0,"name":"Masako Takashima","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFAC5gOH/1TY2PEDmRIMBmChBPw62NgSH/CcSUuWbCBeC4+xAW/LYcYNB0BaiAG68xvMJCQbmJmNbzcfvPGjgEGev4Hh2QN8WsyOMaRJGO5g4zO7cyzZsseAwXDGAYZ0AwJajkkknuFhNruRYybBY8DAuIEBaAh+LYxtEgfbJBg3z8gxk/xjwGBPhBZmZsPGNgPGDRI5ZtJAWxKJ0JLG+JjhTEKyxI20ZGsZA4nkGYcJ+eXw+Q+HGSr+2/HPSD54880fG9v+9p60B/i0oAOgk5h50kjRAQbsx0jWMgpGwSgYBcMaAAAGy0dKx2UdIAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7686-8661","institution":"Tokyo University of Agriculture","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Masako","middleName":"","lastName":"Takashima","suffix":""},{"id":594112660,"identity":"3c783310-0a29-4e1d-b93a-17f2d9913749","order_by":1,"name":"Ri-ichiroh Manabe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ri-ichiroh","middleName":"","lastName":"Manabe","suffix":""},{"id":594112661,"identity":"678f4991-b881-40d7-9713-cdd3e49aed52","order_by":2,"name":"Keita Aoki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokyo University of Agriculture","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Keita","middleName":"","lastName":"Aoki","suffix":""},{"id":594112662,"identity":"59fc3748-51d5-4c2a-a65a-9411ae40dfdc","order_by":3,"name":"Masahiro Yuki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"RIKEN BioResource Research Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Masahiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Yuki","suffix":""},{"id":594112663,"identity":"af9d5e6d-6c12-4dd2-ab5b-9597b5bacf26","order_by":4,"name":"Gen Okada","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"RIKEN BioResource Research Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gen","middleName":"","lastName":"Okada","suffix":""},{"id":594112664,"identity":"5faf26f9-3e3b-4dd1-8df1-7a8a961c9ec4","order_by":5,"name":"Yuuki Kobayashi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokyo University of Agriculture","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuuki","middleName":"","lastName":"Kobayashi","suffix":""},{"id":594112665,"identity":"381cbc6e-5605-4eb0-b409-979f37d07f46","order_by":6,"name":"Takashi Sugita","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Meiji Pharmaceutical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Takashi","middleName":"","lastName":"Sugita","suffix":""},{"id":594112666,"identity":"5f19a2f6-19c2-45e5-9982-85a92d77bb53","order_by":7,"name":"Junta Sugiyama","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"TechnoSuruga Laboratory Co. Ltd.","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junta","middleName":"","lastName":"Sugiyama","suffix":""},{"id":594112667,"identity":"f4d4b25b-2a1a-4f3a-a05f-2662cdbc3ba9","order_by":8,"name":"Moriya Ohkuma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"RIKEN BioResource Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Moriya","middleName":"","lastName":"Ohkuma","suffix":""},{"id":594112668,"identity":"dd61e3ee-d7eb-40b0-a6a4-14a17a3e6385","order_by":9,"name":"Naoto Tanaka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokyo University of Agriculture","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naoto","middleName":"","lastName":"Tanaka","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-18 00:50:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8904859/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8904859/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104816304,"identity":"92095b28-0c78-4ca7-968f-bc8ed134f974","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 13:32:02","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":181411,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNumbers of fungal genomes used in this study and their taxonomic positions. Among the 259 genomes studied, 71 were newly determined. A dendrogram of fungal taxa was established as previously described\u003csup\u003e5, 7, 8\u003c/sup\u003e, including previously published data\u003csup\u003e26\u003c/sup\u003e on the topology within the Saccharomycotina based on genome data. Symbols and colours represent classes and subkingdoms for Dikarya and early-diverging lineages, respectively (also see Figure 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e, Including \u003cem\u003eKendrickiella phycomyces\u003c/em\u003e (see Materials and Methods).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, Determined in this study.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/f68768a6fbf9094f7312acdc.png"},{"id":104835460,"identity":"bd22a75f-93d1-4681-8247-4a393b88b9cb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:45:06","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":222373,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCluster analysis of the presence/absence matrix of orthologous groups (OGs) using the Yule coefficient showed that Ascomycota was clearly separated from both Basidiomycota and the early-diverging lineages, with Basidiomycota appearing as a later branch. The taxa included in each cluster are listed in the figure. Each colour applied to scientific names represents either classes within Dikarya or subkingdoms among early-diverging lineages, as shown in Figure 1.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/d44bf360819fb94d31a37c30.png"},{"id":104835553,"identity":"c772669a-eafd-47cb-8d5f-a1ba3cde1c69","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:45:53","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":69880,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGene gain, duplication, retention, and loss were extrapolated at nodes of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, as well as their respective subphyla, using the FastOMA package\u003csup\u003e39\u003c/sup\u003e based on a phylogenetic tree consisting of 259 fungal genomes (Extended Data Fig. 2). The ancestral gene count of Ascomycota (node 135) was comparable to that of Basidiomycota (node 239). In Ascomycota, gene loss occurring at nodes of Taphrinomycotina (node 134) and Saccharomycotina (node 123) were greater than at that of Pezizomycotina (node 72). In Basidiomycota, gene loss was relatively limited in the ancestor of Agaricomycotina (node 205); however, many genes were lost in the ancestors of Pucciniomycotina (node 238), Ustilaginomycotina (node 221), and Wallemiomycotina (node 206). Gene gain, duplication, retention and loss extrapolated at each node are shown in Extended Data Table 1.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/06dc02e85b41907cfbe65441.png"},{"id":104835326,"identity":"62e521d7-5333-4080-9282-198f6fd70f91","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:43:43","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":138251,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePrincipal component analysis (PCA) results showing the characteristic distribution of genomes of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and early-diverging lineages. Two-dimensional plots of (a) the first and second components and (b) the first and third components are shown on an eigenvalue scale. Each symbol and colour, representing classes within Dikarya or subkingdoms among early-diverging lineages, respectively, is used according to Figure 1.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/300960e1f83eeafb2296b849.png"},{"id":104835524,"identity":"b1256996-a261-4251-a044-e702dde1e104","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:45:34","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":143831,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTop 10 enriched GO terms (\u003cem\u003ep \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; 0.05) of characteristically present OGs of Ascomycota (ChaPOG-As) and Basidiomycota (ChaPOG-Ba). Annotation of the involved OGs and their distribution across the fungal genome is provided. Detailed data are provided in Supplementary Table 5g, h.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGO terms: RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly (GO:0051123); Positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (GO:0060261); Nucleosome assembly (GO:0006334); Core mediator complex (GO:0070847); Nucleus (GO:0005634, n = 43); Mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743, n = 7); Fungal-type cell wall organisation (GO:0031505); Rpd3L complex (GO:0033698); RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000979); Attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore (GO:0008608); Membrane (GO:0016020); and SCF ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0019005).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGene description: Ascomycota: All genes are from\u003cem\u003e S. cerevisiae\u003c/em\u003e. Basidiomycota: \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e, F-box domain-containing protein, taken from \u003cem\u003eMucor lusitanicus\u003c/em\u003e (OG0005067), \u003cem\u003eMalassezia globosa\u003c/em\u003e (OG0005092), and \u003cem\u003eCryptococcus deneoformans\u003c/em\u003e (OG0005102).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/33bb5b8286ff93054e4519f7.png"},{"id":108180618,"identity":"484d5813-1874-492b-9eb4-aeca8643c632","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-30 08:49:46","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1065585,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/7cdd0db4-7e85-4860-8f26-3daa19c7a187.pdf"},{"id":104835429,"identity":"79c94516-8d8e-497e-a819-0ff8c5cbb905","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:44:48","extension":"xlsx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":57137,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Table 1.\u003c/strong\u003e List of genomes used in this study.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eClassification data were obtained from Mycobank (https://www.mycobank.org/) and Index Fungorum (https://indexfungorum.org/). \u003cem\u003eCandida\u003c/em\u003e species in square brackets were classified using the NCBI taxonomy database. \u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e, see Materials and Methods.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTable1.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/ff1efec77983f8c7b95ee882.xlsx"},{"id":104835567,"identity":"f09923fb-50eb-4ec4-b1fb-57f4672d749e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:46:06","extension":"xlsx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":17803,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Table 2.\u003c/strong\u003e Distribution of OGs involved in chitin synthesis and degradation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e,\u003cem\u003e N., Neolecta; Pneu., Pneumocystis; Pro., Protomyces; Sai., Saitoella; Schi., Schizosaccharomyces; T., Taphrina.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e,\u003cem\u003e A., Aspergillus; B., Beauveria; C., Coprinopsis; D., Diplodia; E., Encephalitozoon; Mac., Macrophomina; Muc., Mucor; S., Saccharomyces; Schi., Schizosaccharomyces; T., Trichoderma.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTable2.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/a24268451a0338d8955ad1ef.xlsx"},{"id":104816314,"identity":"67afb2df-b945-4de4-98a8-b161b88eb0aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 13:32:05","extension":"xlsx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":15715,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Table 3.\u003c/strong\u003e OGs shared among clusters based on cluster analysis using Yule coefficients.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTable3.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/28f2bcec7920edbf48633edb.xlsx"},{"id":104835482,"identity":"e146b259-dbb6-46d9-beac-8301d3203208","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:45:19","extension":"xlsx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":12628,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Table 4.\u003c/strong\u003e Tukey–Kramer test results for PC1, PC2, and PC3.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTable4.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/d98ee3e39adaaed7f79d80f3.xlsx"},{"id":105562607,"identity":"8143a37a-844a-4233-8cf9-4c3f1847d76f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-27 12:43:35","extension":"xlsx","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":198371,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Table 5.\u003c/strong\u003e OGs that characterise (a) Pezizomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (b) Saccharomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (c) Taphnimomycotina (characteristically present OGs); (d) Agaricomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (e) Pucciniomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (f) Ustilaginomycotina (characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs); (g) Ascomycota (characteristically present OGs); (h) Basidiomycota (characteristically present OGs); (i) OGs present in all species.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTable5.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/d1a4204f14c7f38e78b85034.xlsx"},{"id":104835120,"identity":"8599a7ce-dd99-474c-b2af-732c3074bfa1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:40:29","extension":"html","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":44050,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary File\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree-dimensional plot of principal component analysis results, presented as an HTML file. Scientific names and principal component values can be accessed by hovering a cursor over the genome symbols.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryFile.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/5e7f4932dbfe750572ef6d0b.html"},{"id":104835541,"identity":"b10d1cd4-0da1-49d8-af27-5ed706cb8074","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 17:45:43","extension":"docx","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":6658929,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtended Dataset\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtended Data Fig. 1.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCluster analysis of a presence/absence matrix of orthologue groups (OGs), excluding genomes belonging to subcluster 4-8 in Figure 2. Colours of scientific names represent classes within Dikarya or subkingdoms among early-diverging lineages, as shown in Figure 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eExtended Data Fig. 2.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic tree of 259 fungal genomes used for FastOMA analysis. The tree topology was constructed with OrthoFinder 2.5.5\u003csup\u003e31, 67–69\u003c/sup\u003e using default parameter values. Colours of scientific names represent classes within Dikarya or subkingdoms among early-diverging lineages, as shown in Figure 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eExtended Data Fig. 3.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTukey–Kramer test results at the (a) phylum and (b) subphylum levels were performed for principal components (PCs) 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In each panel, different letters indicate significant differences between groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eExtended Data Fig. 4.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhylum-level principal component analysis results for (a) Ascomycota and (b) Basidiomycota. Two-dimensional plots of PC1 and PC2 are shown. Symbols and colours indicate Dikarya classes, as in Figure 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eExtended Data Fig. 5.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 10 most highly enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms (\u003cem\u003eP \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; 0.05) of characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs in subphyla of Ascomycota. Detailed data are provided in Supplementary Table 5a–c.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eExtended Data Fig. 6.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 10 most highly enriched GO terms (\u003cem\u003eP \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; 0.05) of characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs in subphyla of Basidiomycota. Detailed data are provided in Supplementary Table 5d–f.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Extendeddata.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/1c80f8649f6d1f4e110ad7b3.docx"},{"id":104816315,"identity":"64d8745b-2f6b-4236-b086-b6683ff3525b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 13:32:05","extension":"docx","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":43552,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExtended Data Table 1.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGene gain, duplication, retention, and loss extrapolated at nodes of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota using the FastOMA v1.4.1-1.el9 package\u003csup\u003e39\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SIguide.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8904859/v1/237571563096eb4ab5f5824b.docx"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Assessment of characteristic orthologs in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and their implications for fungal taxonomy","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe kingdom Fungi comprises the subkingdom Dikarya (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Entorrhizomycota), along with numerous phyla representing early-diverging lineages, often referred to as lower fungi\u003csup\u003e1–\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;The robustness of overall fungal phylogeny based on genomic data has been steadily increasing, supported by the growing availability of analytical tools and databases\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e–1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e. Fungal classifications should reflect such genome-driven diversification events, and several reviews have discussed the expectations and prospects of applying genomic data to taxonomy, a field known as taxogenomics\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFungal populations and species can be identified and characterised using DNA sequences from specific regions (e.g., barcode genes) or entire genomes. However, recognising taxa above the species level still relies primarily on phenotypic characters, which are mainly morphological and often used exclusively in limited groups of fungi.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGene gain and loss have been integral processes throughout fungal evolution. These events continue in extant fungi and are thought to be associated with their phylogenetic relationships\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e–2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Thus,\u0026nbsp;when genes or\u0026nbsp;partial\u0026nbsp;gene sets are considered traits,\u0026nbsp;it is possible\u0026nbsp;to investigate\u0026nbsp;the key\u0026nbsp;genes\u0026nbsp;characterising\u0026nbsp;each taxon\u0026nbsp;based on\u0026nbsp;whole-genome data. Accordingly, the presence or absence of genes, represented by orthologous groups (OGs), may serve as phenotypic traits useful for characterising\u0026nbsp;higher taxa. Based on their study of the genus \u003cem\u003eMetschnikowia\u003c/em\u003e (Saccharomycotina, Ascomycota), Lachance et al. concluded that “presence/absence matrix analyses of orthologous genes show a strong correlation with phylogeny”\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e,2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e. In our previous study on the genomes of species belonging to Trichosporonales (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota), we demonstrated that presence/absence matrix analyses of OGs are effective for genus-level delineation\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e and for detecting potential genetic heterogeneity within a clade, even when the phylogenetic tree appears monophyletic.\u0026nbsp;Thus, OG matrix analyses serve as a valuable tool for identifying phenotypic or genomic features that distinguish one clade from another.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecently, OGs have gained attention as useful markers for distinguishing taxa. For example, seven classes within Saccharomycotina were differentiated using taxon-specific OGs identified through phylogenetic analysis\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e. Groenewald et al.\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e reclassified subphylum Saccharomycotina into seven classes based on class-specific OGs used as molecular markers for each lineage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, we inductively identified phenotypes from the genomic data of 259 fungal species, treating each gene as a trait. This approach enabled the inclusion of genes beyond those involved in metabolic pathways, thereby greatly expanding the number of analysable genes. To address the common occurrence of gene duplications and heterozygous regions in fungal genomes\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e–\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e, we generated a\u0026nbsp;normalised\u0026nbsp;presence/absence matrix using OrthoFinder\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e. This process also allowed the inclusion of hybrid genomes commonly found in both domestic and natural environments\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Although this analysis can be affected by\u0026nbsp;the total number of genes, we\u0026nbsp;assumed that the effect\u0026nbsp;size would\u0026nbsp;be smaller than\u0026nbsp;that\u0026nbsp;estimated\u0026nbsp;based on\u0026nbsp;the genome size\u0026nbsp;because we used OG in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause accurately detecting gene absences is critical for this type of analysis, the matrix was validated using the urease gene\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e,3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e and enzymes involved in chitin synthesis and degradation\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e,3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to assess whether the presence/absence patterns were related to fungal classification. Characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs for each taxon were identified by evaluating whether the presence/absence pattern of an OG was consistent with the fungal taxonomy. We discuss the relationship between individual genes and their taxonomic significance. These findings are valuable not only for characterising taxa based on specific traits but also for advancing both fundamental and applied microbiology.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMatrix Construction.\u003c/strong\u003e The matrix was constructed using a total of 259 fungal genomes, including 71 newly sequenced in this study (Fig. 1 and\u0026nbsp;Supplementary Table 1). Certain important taxa (e.g., Entorrhizomycota) were excluded due to the absence of genome data in the database. Because the number of genes varied among genomes, complete OG extraction was performed for normalisation and to generate a presence/absence matrix. Protein data from five eukaryotic model organisms (\u003cem\u003eDrosophila melanogaster\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDictyostelium discoideum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eHomo sapiens\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eArabidopsis thaliana\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eCaenorhabditis elegans\u003c/em\u003e) were included in the OrthoFinder input dataset to facilitate annotation and subsequent functional analyses. In cases where multiple genes from a single fungal genome (e.g., paralogs or duplicated genes) were assigned to the same OG, they were treated as “present,” resulting in a binary matrix.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitially, 315,198 OGs were identified, comprising those shared among multiple strains and those unique to a single strain. After excluding singletons, 48,561 OGs shared by two or more fungal strains were retained for analysis. Among these, 198 OGs were common to all taxa and defined as the core OGs (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause accurate detection of gene absence is critical for this analysis, the suitability of the matrix was verified as follows. First, the distribution pattern of urease genes was examined, given that negative urease activity has historically been used in yeast taxonomy\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e,3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e. Urease genes were detected in 69 of the 72 Pezizomycotina strains and in 104 of the 105 Basidiomycota strains, but as expected, were absent from Saccharomycotina species. Second, the distribution of enzymes involved in chitin synthesis and degradation was analysed. The observed enzyme distribution patterns among Taphrinomycotina were consistent with previous reports—absent in \u003cem\u003ePneumocystis\u003c/em\u003e species\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e and present as a single gene in \u003cem\u003eSchizosaccharomyces\u003c/em\u003e species\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e (Supplementary Table 2). Having confirmed that gene absences were accurately detected, we proceeded with the subsequent presence/absence matrix analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCluster Analysis.\u003c/strong\u003e The phenotype of each fungus is determined by the genes it currently possesses, whether gained through evolution or retained from ancestral lineages. From a taxonomic perspective, traits that are absent—either originally lacking or lost during evolution—can also serve as distinguishing features of a given taxon. Cluster analysis using Yule coefficients was performed to examine the relationship between presence/absence patterns and phylogeny. Fungal genomes were grouped into four main clusters (Fig. 2): clusters 1 and 3 corresponded to Microsporidia and the early-diverging lineages excluding Microsporidia, respectively. Ascomycota (cluster 2) was clearly separated from both Basidiomycota (cluster 4) and the early-diverging lineages (cluster 3), with Basidiomycota appearing as a later branch derived from cluster 3. Ascomycota (cluster 2) was further divided into three subclusters corresponding to its three subphyla Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, and Taphrinomycotina; however, the clustering order differed from the established phylogenetic relationships\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e. In particular, Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina formed a combined cluster (subcluster 2-1), which was subsequently connected to Pezizomycotina (subcluster 2-2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBasidiomycota comprises four subphyla: Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, and Wallemiomycotina. However, the results of the cluster analysis did not correspond to these subphylum classifications. Agaricomycotina was subdivided into four groups (subclusters 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, and 4-5). Pucciniomycotina was divided into two groups: Pucciniomycetes (subcluster 4-4) formed a cluster with Tremellomycetes and Ustilaginomycotina (subcluster 4-7). Meanwhile, Agaricostilbomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, and Mixiomycetes—fungi exhibiting a yeast-like lifestyle in culture—formed another cluster (subcluster 4-8). When a dendrogram was constructed excluding the genomes in subcluster 4-8, the overall clustering pattern remained unchanged (Extended DataFig. 1), suggesting that subcluster 4-8 may contain OGs specific to this group. These findings indicate that the contribution of OG presence/absence patterns to phylogenetic structure may differ between the subphylum levels of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the OGs shared among clusters were analysed (Supplementary Table 3), no common OGs were found between Ascomycota (cluster 2), Basidiomycota (cluster 3), and the early-diverging lineages. Moreover, no OGs were shared between the Taphrinomycotina + Saccharomycotina subcluster (2-1) and Pezizomycotina (2-2). Only two OGs were common between Taphrinomycotina (2-1-1) and Saccharomycotina (2-1-2). These findings suggest that although presence/absence patterns influence phylogenetic relationships within Ascomycota, the specific patterns differ substantially among its subphyla.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFastOMA Analysis.\u003c/strong\u003e In Ascomycota, patterns of gene gain and loss could be inferred as being linked to evolutionary processes at both the phylum and subphylum levels, whereas this was not evident in Basidiomycota. Therefore, we estimated the gene numbers for each phylum and subphylum within Dikarya using the recently developed FastOMA analysis\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e (Fig. 3). The ancestral gene count of Ascomycota was comparable to that of Basidiomycota, with both primarily retaining genes from the common ancestor of Dikarya and exhibiting few gene gains or losses. Subsequently, extensive gene loss occurred approximately 3 and 2.2 times in Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina, respectively—more frequently than in Pezizomycotina—which may be associated with their specific lifestyles\u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Basidiomycota, gene loss was relatively limited in the ancestor of Agaricomycotina; however, many genes were lost in those of Pucciniomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, and Wallemiomycotina. When gene numbers of the respective classes were extrapolated to examine differences between yeast and filamentous lifestyle lineages, little difference was observed within Pucciniomycotina between filamentous (subcluster 4-4 in Fig. 2) and yeast lineage nodes (4-8, ibid) (Extended Data Table 1). In Agaricomycotina, the gene losses detected at the\u0026nbsp;Tremellomycetes\u0026nbsp;node\u0026nbsp;were\u0026nbsp;approximately three quarters\u0026nbsp;of those detected\u0026nbsp;at the node of Agaricomycetes+Dacrymycetes (filamentous and mushroom forms); these patterns contrast with that observed in Ascomycota.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePCA.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ePCA illustrates the positional relationships among genomes based on principal components (PCs). The proportions of variance explained by the first, second, and third components (PC1–3) were 17.5%, 11.3%, and 4.9%, respectively (Fig. 4). A three-dimensional (3D) plot based on PC1, PC2, and PC3 is provided in the\u0026nbsp;Supplementary\u0026nbsp;File.\u0026nbsp;The close proximity of several genomes belonging to the same species within the dataset indicates that the clustering of strains reflects the similarity in their genomic compositions. Species from early-diverging lineages were located near the\u0026nbsp;centre\u0026nbsp;of the two-dimensional (2D) plot, with Ascomycota positioned on one side and Basidiomycota on the other along PC1 (Fig. 4). These two groups were clearly separated according to the Tukey–Kramer test based on PC1, PC2, and PC3\u0026nbsp;(Extended Data Fig. 3, Supplementary Table 4).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the three subphyla of Ascomycota, Taphrinomycotina appeared near the early-diverging lineages, whereas Saccharomycotina and Pezizomycotina were clearly separated, with Pezizomycotina located on the positive side of PC1 and Saccharomycotina near the middle of the 2D plot (Fig. 4). Taphrinomycetes were positioned closer to Lipomycetes, a basal lineage of Saccharomycotina, than to Pezizomycotina (Pezizomycetes and Leotiomycetes) (Fig. 4, Extended Data Fig. 4a). Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina did not differ significantly overall but were significantly separated along PC2 (Supplementary Table 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Saccharomycotina, Pichiomycetes and Saccharomycetes formed a dense cluster in the 2D plot (Fig. 4,\u0026nbsp;Extended Data Fig. 4a). Within this group, Pichiomycetes was divided into two clusters, Pichiales and Alaniales, which were positioned closer to Saccharomycetes than to Serinales. Species of Alloascoideomycetes, Dipodascomycetes, Sporopachydermiomycetes, and Trigonopsidomycetes (representing early-diverging lineages of Saccharomycetales sensu Lachance and Kurtzman\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e) were loosely scattered between Lipomycetes and the cluster formed by Pichiomycetes and Saccharomycetes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe distribution pattern of Pezizomycotina differed from that of Saccharomycotina, forming a line extending from near the centre of the 2D plot toward the positive side of PC1, with no evident taxon-dependent clusters (Fig. 4). PCA performed using only Ascomycota data revealed a characteristic distribution along respective lineage trajectories, as observed for Sordariomycetes and Leotiomycetes, which corresponded with perithecium morphology (Extended Data Fig. 4a).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the four subphyla of Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina was separated from Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina along PC1 and PC2. Although Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina did not differ significantly along PC1, they were separated along PC2. Wallemiomycotina was not included in the statistical analysis because only two samples were available; however, it appeared distinct from Agaricomycotina (Extended Data Fig. 4b). Thus, Basidiomycota also separated into groups corresponding to subphyla along the PCA axes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on these results, we considered that the presence/absence matrix could be used to identify OGs as shared traits characterising Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, as well as their respective subphyla.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristically Present and Absent OGs across Taxa.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eWe attempted to identify characteristic OGs within the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and among their respective subphyla. Briefly, characteristically present OGs (i.e., gained, duplicated, or retained) of Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina (ChaPOG-Pe, ChaPOG-Sa, ChaPOG-Ta, ChaPOG-Ag, ChaPOG-Pu, and ChaPOG-Us, respectively) were identified using Fisher’s exact test (\u0026gt; 90%, p \u0026lt; 0.05). Although the phenotype of each fungus is determined by the genes it currently possesses, from a taxonomic perspective, traits that are absent (or have been lost) in a given taxon are also characteristic of that taxon. Therefore, we also investigated characteristically absent OGs (ChaAOGs)\u0026nbsp;(Supplementary Table 5a–f). Wallemiomycotina was not used as a constraint because only two genomes were included in the dataset. Additionally, early-diverging lineages were not subjected to constraint to allow detection of OGs present in common ancestors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEven within Ascomycota, where the presence/absence pattern corresponded to phylogeny, the ChaPOGs of the respective subphyla varied greatly among taxa\u0026nbsp;(Supplementary Table 5a–c). Only two OGs were identified for ChaPOG-Ta (OG0015705, NP_587927.1, and OG0008608, NP_596288.2 in \u003cem\u003eSchizosaccharomyces pombe\u003c/em\u003e), likely due to the limited number of strains in the dataset despite the potential genetic heterogeneity within this taxon. The number of ChaPOGs in Pezizomycotina (202 OGs) was approximately eightfold higher than that in Saccharomycotina (25 OGs). In Pezizomycotina, the identified OGs were related to morphology, including the major protein of the Woronin body (OG0006055), septal pore structure (OG0006219, OG0006000, and OG0004769), and HET domain-containing proteins (OG0000038 and OG000625). In Basidiomycota, the numbers of ChaPOGs in the respective subphyla were also smaller than those in Pezizomycotina. In particular, Agaricomycotina and Pucciniomycotina, which did not form a single cluster (Fig. 2), had fewer ChaPOGs (24 OGs for ChaPOG-Ag and 12 OGs for ChaPOG-Pu) than Ustilaginomycotina (38 OGs), although all were higher than those of Taphrinomycotina.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding the ChaPOGs at the phylum level, nearly the same number of OGs were identified: 98 OGs for ChaPOG-As and 108 for ChaPOG-Ba (Table 1,\u0026nbsp;Supplementary Table 5g, h). Several OGs that have been reported as characteristically present are listed (e.g., STE2, OG0004554, in ChaPOG-As\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e). Because early divergent lineages were not constrained during selection, the ChaPOGs included not only OGs gained within the taxon but also those retained from the ancestor. Consequently, approximately half of the ChaPOG-As and ChaPOG-Ba were also shared to some extent with early divergent lineages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike ChaPOG-As and ChaPOG-Ba, the characteristically present OGs in each subphylum rarely overlapped with those of early-diverging lineages. In Pezizomycotina, among the 202 OGs identified in ChaPOG-Pe, 183 were taxon-specific. In Ustilaginomycotina (ChaPOG-Us), all characteristically present OGs were taxon-specific (Supplementary Table 5). These results suggest that the ChaPOGs of the respective subphyla may have been acquired through environmental adaptation after the divergence of Dikarya into Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The morphology-related ChaPOGs-Pe likely emerged during evolutionary processes following divergence from the ancestral lineage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGene Ontology (GO) Analysis of ChaPOGs and ChaAOGs in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.\u003c/strong\u003e Most of the obtained OGs appeared to play important roles in fungal cells, including nuclear and ribosomal maintenance. GO analysis was performed to examine differences in the selected OGs that were characteristically present or absent, both between phyla and among subphyla.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn ChaPOG-As, several Biological Process (BP) terms were significantly enriched (Fig. 5): RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly (GO:0051123); positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (GO:0060261); nucleosome assembly (GO:0006334); and attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore (GO:0008608). Among the Cellular Component (CC) terms, enrichment was observed for the core mediator complex (OG0004296, OG0004460, OG0004598, OG0004527, and OG00045695; corresponding to SRB4, MED4, MED8, ROX3, and SRB5 in \u003cem\u003eS. cerevisiae\u003c/em\u003e, respectively) and the Rpd3L complex (OG0004296, OG0004460, and OG0004598; corresponding to SDS3, SAP30, and RXT2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOG0004250 and OG0004532 (HIR3 and HPC2) were also associated with the HIR complex\u0026nbsp;(GO:0000417). Considering that some of these OGs were also present in early-diverging lineages, the OGs related to cell growth that are absent in Basidiomycota were likely acquired during evolution, with some retained from the ancestor of Dikarya.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the BP term fungal-type cell wall organisation (GO:0031505) was enriched in five OGs: OG0002321, OG0001218, OG0001766, OG0001084, and OG0004019 (corresponding to ECM33, SIM1, SED1, PUN1, and MHP1 in \u003cem\u003eS. cerevisiae\u003c/em\u003e, respectively). Among these, only OG0002321 was shared with early-diverging lineages, unlike the other two enriched BP categories.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor ChaPOGs-Ba (108 OGs), a total of 32 OGs were categorised under the membrane (GO:0016020, CC), which showed strong enrichment. Although the annotation of Basidiomycota genomes is limited, we found that 15 of these of 32 OGs were described as “transmembrane” (including two transporters;\u0026nbsp;Supplementary Table 5h). The SCF ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0019005) was also slightly enriched; all OGs associated with this term were annotated as “F-box domain-containing proteins” in the database. In addition, another OG (OG0004749) annotated as “F-box domain-containing protein” was identified (Supplementary Table 5h), although no corresponding GO term was available.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding ChaPOGs for subphyla, the number of enriched data points was limited, probably because limited OG data were available for each subphylum. Briefly, in Pezizomycotina, membrane (GO:0016020) was enriched, with three OGs annotated as hydrolases (OG0006264, OG0006235, and OG0006350). We also detected three OGs (OG0006303, OG0005805, and OG0005902) associated with methyltransferase activity (GO:0008168, MF), the phylogenetic diversity of which has been discussed previously\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e,4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e(Extended Data Fig. 5, Supplementary Table 5a). In Saccharomycotina, OGs related to mitochondria were enriched (Extended Data Fig. 5, Supplementary Table 5b).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough Pucciniomycotina consisted of two distinct clusters, common characteristics were identified in this study. Terms associated with the mannan metabolic process (GO:0006080, GO:0016985) were listed in ChaPOG-Pu, whereas terms related to glucan biosynthesis (GO:0006491, GO:0070880) appeared in ChaAOG-Pu. This result suggests that\u0026nbsp;one OG related to glucan synthesis was commonly lost, whereas one OG associated with the mannan metabolic process was commonly retained. Consequently, cell wall synthesis and organisation\u0026nbsp;in Pucciniomycotina are presumed to differ from those of other fungi (Extended Data Fig. 6, Supplementary Table 5e). This finding may be linked to the phenotype in which mannose dominance is characteristic of Pucciniomycotina cell wall sugar composition\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e–4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Agaricomycotina, we identified the fucose metabolic process (GO:0006004) for OG0004444 (GDP-fucose protein \u003cem\u003eO\u003c/em\u003e-fucosyltransferase), which is associated with signal transduction pathways\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e. In addition, OG0005563 (Ser-Thr-rich glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane family protein) was found, for which no GO term was available in our analysis. When combined with the ChaAOG-Ag data, these findings suggest that Agaricomycotina may possess characteristically present OGs associated with vacuolar and endoplasmic reticulum metabolism (Extended Data Fig. 6, Supplementary Table 5d).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion ","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential of Presence/Absence Matrix Analysis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eTaxonomy should reflect phylogeny; therefore, taxonomic systems are constructed based on phylogenetic relationships as well as phenotypic characteristics that provide information necessary for defining each taxon. In this study, we investigated whether the analysis of presence/absence OGs, which result from gene gain and loss during evolution, can be useful for identifying characteristic traits and delineating boundaries between taxa in Dikarya.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAscomycota and Basidiomycota diverged approximately 500 million years ago from the common ancestor of Dikarya (Berbee et al.\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e, Shen et al.\u003csup\u003e50\u003c/sup\u003e, Tedersoo et al.\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e, Zhao et al.\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e). The Yule coefficient used in the cluster analysis generally reflected the relationship between the presence/absence pattern of OGs and phylogeny, with a couple of exceptions.\u0026nbsp;Ascomycota was clearly separated from both Basidiomycota and the early-diverging lineages, with Basidiomycota appearing as a later branch. At the subphylum level, three clusters corresponding to the three subphyla were found in Ascomycota, whereas in Basidiomycota, the Yule clusters did not necessarily coincide with subphylum-level classification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on these results, after divergence from the common ancestor of Dikarya, the relationship between the presence/absence pattern resulting from gene gain and loss and phylogeny in Ascomycota may differ from that in Basidiomycota. First, in Ascomycota, the presence/absence pattern appears to have influenced the evolutionary process from the phylum to the subphylum level to some extent, after which various diversification events likely occurred within each subphylum. Second, in Basidiomycota, the presence/absence pattern\u0026nbsp;may have had less impact on diversification and evolution during the transition from phylum to subphylum. However, there may be specific, functionally important genes that have not yet been identified. One possible explanation is “gene loss, whereby ancestors of a descendant clade lose certain ancestral traits” (John Taylor, personal communication), which may help to explain why the Yule clusters of Basidiomycota did not necessarily align with subphylum-level classifications, and may also reflect results from genome-based phylogenies, which indicate that the order of divergence within Basidiomycota remains unresolved\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePCA can illustrate the positional relationships among genomes using both presence/absence pattern data and commonly shared genomic data. In this study, the separation among subphyla within Basidiomycota appeared less distinct than that observed in Ascomycota. However, each subphylum was statistically classified using the Tukey–Kramer test based on PC1–3. These findings suggest that presence/absence OG analysis can be effectively applied to identify characteristic traits and delineate taxonomic boundaries.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo date, the relationship between individual genes and their taxonomic significance has been rarely discussed. In this study, we identified a total of 725 candidate OGs, including 198 core OGs for Fungi (Supplementary Table 5i). Although annotation data are sometimes limited, the taxonomic significance of OGs can be inferred using annotation information from model organisms such as \u003cem\u003eS. cerevisiae\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eS. pombe\u003c/em\u003e, and additional reference species. For example, STE2 (OG0004554 in \u003cem\u003eS. cerevisiae\u003c/em\u003e) is present only in Ascomycota, being absent from Basidiomycota and early-diverging lineages, suggesting that species in these latter lineages may possess a mating system distinct from that of Ascomycota\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e,5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e. We propose that\u0026nbsp;Supplementary Table 5 contains such important genes and will contribute not only to fungal taxonomy but also to fundamental and applied microbiology.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComparison of Characteristically Present/Absent OGs.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe characteristically present and absent OGs of Ascomycota differ significantly from those of Basidiomycota, particularly among OGs closely associated with cell growth. RNA polymerase II, primarily involved in mRNA transcription and protein synthesis, has also been implicated in ribosome biogenesis\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. The Rpd3L complex is a Class I histone deacetylase complex, and recent Cryo-EM data have revealed critical interactions between RXT2, SAP30, and SDS3\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e. Although the structure of the Rpd3L complex in Basidiomycota has not been reported, OGs corresponding to RXT2, SAP30, and SDS3 were not detected in Basidiomycota in this study (Fig. 5), suggesting that the genes encoding the Rpd3L complex in Basidiomycota may differ from those in Ascomycota. However, it remains unclear whether these differences are common across Basidiomycota or lineage-specific. Because the core mediator complex also regulates chromatin architecture\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e, these BPs are likely closely linked to chromatin-related phenotypes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKinetochore and centrosome structures are critical for cell proliferation and maintenance, yet their characteristics, such as presence/absence and morphological similarities and differences, remain poorly studied in many higher taxa. Dikarya form spindle pole bodies instead of centrioles during cell division. In Ascomycota, spindle pole body morphologies are generally consistent within the phylum, whereas in Basidiomycota, they vary among taxa, including across subphyla and even classes, as revealed by microstructural analyses\u003csup\u003e2,5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e,5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Kinetochore proteins are reported to be conserved among Ascomycota taxa but differ from those in Basidiomycota\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e–5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e. Some ChaPOGs-As identified in this study may contribute to these observed similarities in kinetochore protein composition and spindle pole body morphology within Ascomycota.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall, the presence/absence analysis conducted in this study revealed that qualitative characteristics are encoded in genome data and can be used to identify traits—both similarities and differences—that may not be detected through phylogenetic analysis alone. Because the presence/absence patterns of OGs in Ascomycota correspond to both subphylum- and phylum-level phylogeny, the matrix allows the identification of informative genes that serve as taxonomic markers (e.g., OGs shown in Fig. 5 for the phylum level, methylation for the subphylum level). In Basidiomycota, however, additional data from both phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses will be required, as only one GO term (SCF ubiquitin ligase complex) was found, despite obtaining nearly the same number of ChaPOGs. Although gene annotation remains limited, particularly for fungi-specific genes, we also identified a characteristic OG potentially related to cell wall synthesis in Pucciniomycotina and OGs potentially involved in signal transduction pathways associated with cell growth in Agaricomycotina. As additional data accumulate and comprehensive functional analyses are performed, further insights into the traits that define each taxon are expected to emerge.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, it remains difficult to imagine how the large gene gain observed in this study could occur in both the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (John Taylor, personal communication). This question represents an interesting line of research for future study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe are very thankful to Prof. John Taylor, Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, for the insightful and constructive pre-review of drafts of this manuscript. We thank Drs. Rikiya Endoh and Shihomi Uzuhashi (presently at the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Research Center of Genetic Resources) at the Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, for DNA preparation that enabled genome sequencing. We also thank Dr. Yoshinobu Kaneko, Tokyo NODAI Research Institute (TNRI), Tokyo University of Agriculture, for his valuable comments. M.T. was supported by the foundation of the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka (IFO), (K-2020-006). R.M. was supported by a Research Grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan to the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences. Genome sequencing was partially funded by the Genome Information Upgrading Program of the National BioResource Project of MEXT, with financial support provided to M.O. and R.M.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eM.T., R.M., K.A., and N.T. designed the research; M.T, G.O., and M.O. cultured fungal strains; R.M. performed genome sequencing; M.T., R.M., K.A., M.Y., G.O., Y.K, T.S, J.S., M.O., and N.A. analyzed data; M.T., R.M., K.A. and N.T. drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the assessment of results, manuscript revision and final approval for publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interest Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRaw sequence reads and genome assemblies for all 71 newly sequenced genomes have been deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank, with accession numbers provided in Supplementary Table 1. These data are also publicly available from the JCM website (http://www.jcm.riken.jp/cgi-bin/nbrp/nbrp_list.cgi).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHibbett, D. S. et al. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. \u003cem\u003eMycol. 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Taxonomic significance of fucose in the class Urediniomycetes: distribution of fucose in cell wall and phylogeny of urediniomycetous yeasts. \u003cem\u003eSyst. Appl. Microbiol\u003c/em\u003e.\u003cstrong\u003e23\u003c/strong\u003e, 63–70 (2000).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLowe, J. B. Cell biology. Does Notch take the sweet road to success? \u003cem\u003eScience\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003e307\u003c/strong\u003e, 1570–1572 (2005).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZhao,R. L. et al. A six-gene phylogenetic overview of Basidiomycota and allied phyla with estimated divergence times of higher taxa and a phyloproteomics perspective. \u003cem\u003eFungal Divers.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e84\u003c/strong\u003e, 43–74 (2017).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShen,X. X. et al. Genome-scale phylogeny and contrasting modes of genome evolution in the fungal phylum Ascomycota. \u003cem\u003eSci. Adv\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e, eabd0079 (2020).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCoelho, M. A., Bakkeren, G., Sun, S., Hood, M. E. \u0026amp; Giraud, T. Fungal sex: The Basidiomycota. \u003cem\u003eMicrobiol. Spectr\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e, 10.1128/microbiolspec.funk-0046-2016 (2017).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbraham, K. J. et al. Nucleolar RNA polymerase II drives ribosome biogenesis. \u003cem\u003eNature\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e585\u003c/strong\u003e, 298–302 (2020).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePatel,A. B. et al. Cryo-EM structure of the \u003cem\u003eSaccharomyces cerevisiae\u003c/em\u003e Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex.\u003cem\u003e Nat. Commun\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e14\u003c/strong\u003e, 3061 (2023).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAllen, B. L. \u0026amp; Taatjes, D. J. The mediator complex: a central integrator of transcription. \u003cem\u003eNat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e16\u003c/strong\u003e, 155–166 (2015).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCelio, G. J., Padamsee, M., Dentinger, B. T., Bauer, R. \u0026amp; McLaughlin, D. J. Assembling the fungal tree of life: constructing the structural and biochemical database. \u003cem\u003eMycologia\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e98\u003c/strong\u003e, 850–859 (2006).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSwann, E. C., Frieders, E. M. \u0026amp; McLaughlin, D. J. \u003cem\u003eMicrobotryum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eKriegeria\u003c/em\u003e and the changing paradigm in basidiomycete classification. \u003cem\u003eMycologia\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e91\u003c/strong\u003e, 51–66 (1999).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFreitag, M. The kinetochore interaction network (KIN) of ascomycetes. \u003cem\u003eMycologia\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e108\u003c/strong\u003e, 485–505 (2016).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003evan Hooff, J. J., Tromer, E., van Wijk, L. M., Snel, B. \u0026amp; Kops, G. J. Evolutionary dynamics of the kinetochore network in eukaryotes as revealed by comparative genomics. \u003cem\u003eEMBO Rep\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e, 1559–1571 (2017).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHamilton, G. E. \u0026amp; Davis, T. N. Biochemical evidence for diverse strategies in the inner kinetochore. \u003cem\u003eOpen Biol\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e, 200284 (2020).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTaxon Sampling.\u003c/strong\u003e In total, 259 genomes were analysed in this study, including 242 Dikarya species (137 Ascomycota and 105 Basidiomycota) and 17 species from early-diverging lineages. Of these, 71 genomes were newly sequenced (Fig. 1,\u0026nbsp;Supplementary Table 1). Entorrhizomycota (Dikarya) was excluded due to the lack of publicly available genomic data. The genome of \u003cem\u003eCalcarisporiella thermophil\u003c/em\u003ea (previously classified as Dikarya, currently Calcarisporiellomycota, Mucoromyceta), which was very recently published, could not be included in this analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStrain information and statistics on data sources and quality are summarised in\u0026nbsp;Supplementary Table 1. Taxonomic classifications were obtained from MycoBank (https://www.mycobank.org/) and Index Fungorum (https://indexfungorum.org/). For \u003cem\u003eCandida\u003c/em\u003e species indicated in square brackets, classification follows the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Among the newly sequenced species, the higher taxon of \u003cem\u003eKendrickiella phycomyces\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ewas previously designated as Ascomycota incertae sedis\u003csup\u003e60\u003c/sup\u003e. In this study, however, the species is referred to as Leotiomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota), based on both a previous study\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e and our own analyses.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGenome Sequences, Gene Prediction, and Annotation.\u003c/strong\u003e Genome sequences of the strains analysed in this study were obtained from the Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM) at RIKEN BioResource Center. The genome sequences of the JCM strains (Fig. 1,\u0026nbsp;Supplementary Table 1) were determined following the method of Takashima et al.\u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e. Protein-coding genes for the JCM strains were predicted using the MAKER annotation pipeline (release 2.31.8)\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, incorporating AUGUSTUS v3.0.3\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e, SNAP (2013-02-16)\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e, and GeneMark-ES (Suite 4.21)\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePresence/Absence\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMatrix Generation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003eOrthoFinder 1.0.3\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e was used to infer OGs from 259 proteomes, including the predicted proteomes of the 71 JCM strains, using the default parameters\u0026nbsp;(Supplementary Table 1). Protein data from five model organisms (\u003cem\u003eD. melanogaster\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eD. discoideum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eH. sapiens\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eA. thaliana,\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eC. elegans\u003c/em\u003e) were included in the OrthoFinder input to facilitate functional annotation (e.g., gene annotation, protein complexes, roles in signalling\u0026nbsp;cascades), although these model organisms were not included in the cluster analysis and PCA. Although we did not fully exploit these model organisms in downstream analyses, they contributed to the annotation of several OGs (e.g., OG0000194, OG0005985). In total, 2,397,174 proteins from 259 proteomes were clustered into 315,198 OGs, comprising those shared by multiple strains and those present in only a single strain, including the added model organisms. OGs present in two or more genomes were retained, excluding singletons, resulting in a dataset of 48,561 OGs.\u0026nbsp;For simplicity, we did not consider gene duplication in this analysis, and a binary matrix was generated based on the presence (1) or absence (0) of each OG in each strain.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMatrix Suitability Assessment\u003cem\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003eBecause accurate detection of absence data was critical for this analysis, the suitability of the matrix was verified in two steps. First, the distribution of urease genes was examined, as urease-negative activity has previously been used in yeast taxonomy\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e,3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e. Second, the matrix was assessed by evaluating the distribution of enzymes involved in chitin synthesis and degradation across a wide range of fungi (Supplementary Table 2). For\u0026nbsp;chitin synthesis, six OGs corresponding to chitin synthases were examined in representative genomes. For chitin degradation, seven OGs assigned to chitinases and six OGs assigned to chitin deacetylases were evaluated\u0026nbsp;(Supplementary Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCluster Analysis and FastOMA Analysis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eCluster analysis of the data matrix was performed using the scipy.spatial.distance and the scipy.cluster.hierarchy modules implemented in Python v3.13.5\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e. Comparative genomics analysis was performed by accelerating orthology inference using the OMA algorithm with FastOMA v1.4.1-1.el9\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e9\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;The input tree topology used for FastOMA analysis was constructed using OrthoFinder 2.5.5\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e31,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e67\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e69\u003c/sup\u003e using default parameter values (see Extended Data Fig. 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePCA\u003cem\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003ePCA was performed using the prcomp function in R v4.4.0\u003csup\u003e70\u003c/sup\u003e. The first three components (PC1\u0026ndash;3) explained 17.5%, 11.3%, and 4.9% of the total variance, respectively. The results are presented as 2D plots (Fig. 4, Extended Data Fig. 4) and 3D plots (Supplementary File); the latter was generated using the Plotly Express module in Python v3.10.8\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelection of Characteristically Present/Absent OGs.\u003c/strong\u003e Characteristically present and absent OGs were identified from the binary matrix using Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact tests calculated with the scipy.stats module implemented in Python v3.13.5\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e. ChaPOGs of Pezizomycotina, Saccharomycotina, Taphrinomycotina, Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomycotina were defined as OGs present in more than 90% of the respective subphylum but absent from other Dikarya subphyla (p \u0026lt; 0.05). Wallemiomycotina was not included as a constraint because only two genomes were available in the dataset. Early-diverging lineages were also not constrained to allow investigation of OGs potentially present in a common ancestor. ChaPOGs of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were selected similarly, without including Wallemiomycotina\u0026nbsp;(Supplementary Table 5a\u0026ndash;h).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe description of each OG was based on the representative genome included in that OG, as determined from the GenBank database (August\u0026ndash;December 2023). If an OG contained multiple genes, only one was designated as the representative. GO annotations were obtained from UniProt (https://www.uniprot.org/). For OGs lacking GO data, annotations of model organisms included in the same OG were examined. If GO terms were still unavailable, Alphafold (https://alphafold.com/) was manually searched, and protein data with GO information and high pLDDT scores were selected as alternative representatives (June 2024\u0026ndash;July 2025). Additionally, a list of core OGs shared across all Fungi, along with their annotations, is provided\u0026nbsp;(Supplementary Table 5i).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGO Enrichment Analysis.\u003c/strong\u003e GO enrichment analysis was performed using the GOseq package in R v4.4.3. In total, 1,564 GO terms based on 656 OGs were analysed; annotation information was obtained from the GO.db library. Although GO data were obtained using both Foldseek and MMseqs2 from AlphaFold, the Foldseek data were selected based on the criteria described in a previous study\u003csup\u003e71\u003c/sup\u003e. For each subphylum, characteristically present and characteristically absent OGs were\u0026nbsp;analysed\u0026nbsp;separately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod References\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"60\"\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWijayawardene, N. N. et al. Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa \u0026ndash; 2021. \u003cem\u003eMycosphere\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e, 53\u0026ndash;453 (2022).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKiyuna, T. et al. Bristle-like fungal colonizers on the stone walls of the Kitora and Takamatsuzuka Tumuli are identified as \u003cem\u003eKendrickiella phycomyces\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eMycoscience\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e53\u003c/strong\u003e, 446\u0026ndash;459 (2012).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCantarel,B. L. et al. MAKER: an easy-to-use annotation pipeline designed for emerging model organism genomes. \u003cem\u003eGenome Res\u003c/em\u003e.\u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e, 188\u0026ndash;196 (2008).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eStanke, M., Sch\u0026ouml;ffmann, O., Morgenstern, B. \u0026amp; Waack, S. Gene prediction in eukaryotes with a generalized hidden Markov model that uses hints from external sources. \u003cem\u003eBMC Bioinformatics\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;7\u003c/strong\u003e, 62 (2006).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJohnson, A. D. et al. SNAP: a web-based tool for identification and annotation of proxy SNPs using HapMap. \u003cem\u003eBioinformatics\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e24\u003c/strong\u003e, 2938\u0026ndash;2939 (2008).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTer-Hovhannisyan, V., Lomsadze, A., Chernoff, Y. O. \u0026amp; Borodovsky, M. Gene prediction in novel fungal genomes using an ab initio algorithm with unsupervised training. \u003cem\u003eGenome Res\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e, 1979\u0026ndash;1990 (2008).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRossum, G. V. \u0026amp; Drake, F. L. \u003cem\u003ePython 3 Reference Manual\u003c/em\u003e, (CreateSpace, 2009).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEmms D.M. \u0026amp; Kelly S. OrthoFinder: phylogenetic orthology inference for comparative genomics.\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eGenome Biol\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e,\u0026nbsp;238 (2019).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEmms D.M. \u0026amp; Kelly S. STRIDE: Species\u0026nbsp;tree\u0026nbsp;root\u0026nbsp;inference from\u0026nbsp;gene\u0026nbsp;duplication\u0026nbsp;events.\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eMol\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Biol\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u0026nbsp;Evol\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e34\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e3267\u0026ndash;3278\u0026nbsp;(2017).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEmms D.M. \u0026amp; Kelly S. STAG: Species\u0026nbsp;tree\u0026nbsp;inference from\u0026nbsp;all\u0026nbsp;genes.\u0026nbsp;(2018)\u0026nbsp;bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/267914.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eR Core Team, Date from \u0026ldquo;R: A language and environment for statistical computing.\u0026rdquo; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. (2022) https://www.Rproject.org/.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003evan KempenM. et al. Fast and accurate protein structure search with Foldseek. \u003cem\u003eNat. Biotechnol\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e42\u003c/strong\u003e, 243\u0026ndash;246 (2024).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Table","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. Summary of selected characteristically present and characteristically absent ortholog groups (OGs)\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cimg 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\" width=\"695\" height=\"637\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Gene Ontology data were obtained from a database that included the reference species used in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFurther details are provided in Supplementary Table 5.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8904859/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8904859/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Fungal populations and species can be characterised using DNA sequences from specific genomic regions or entire genomes. However, recognising taxa above the species level still relies primarily on phenotypic characters, particularly morphology, which are often limited in many fungal groups. We examined whether gene presence/absence information could be used for taxonomic characterisation. Using 259 genomes, including 71 newly sequenced ones, we generated a presence/absence matrix of orthologous groups (OGs). Cluster analysis using the Yule coefficient revealed that, in Ascomycota, the presence/absence patterns of OGs were likely associated with evolutionary processes down to the subphylum level. Conversely, in Basidiomycota, these patterns did not necessarily correspond to subphylum classifications, although the reason for this discrepancy remains unclear. Principal component analysis showed that each subphylum could be distinguished by its axes in both Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. We then identified characteristically present and absent OGs (98 for Ascomycota, 108 for Basidiomycota, and 321 across both subphyla). Gene Ontology analysis revealed statistically significant functional differences between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: genes related to RNA polymerase II, nucleosome assembly (including the Rpd3L complex), and fungal-type cell wall organisation were enriched in Ascomycota, whereas the membrane and ubiquitin ligase complex were enriched in Basidiomycota. At the subphylum level, several OGs were identified as potential taxonomic markers, such as those associated with methylation (Pezizomycotina), mitochondria (Saccharomycotina), signal transduction (Agaricomycotina), and cell wall synthesis (Pucciniomycotina). Overall, presence/absence ortholog analysis provides a promising approach for characterising taxa based on genomic traits and may contribute to advancing fungal taxonomy above the species level.","manuscriptTitle":"Assessment of characteristic orthologs in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and their implications for fungal taxonomy","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-17 13:31:55","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8904859/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-communications","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"NCOMMS","sideBox":"Learn more about [Nature Communications](http://www.nature.com/ncomms/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://mts-ncomms.nature.com/","title":"Nature Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature Communications","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ddfcac1f-b642-4dd7-ac4e-51860cfe6213","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 17th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":63224499,"name":"Biological sciences/Microbiology/Fungi/Fungal genomics"},{"id":63224500,"name":"Biological sciences/Evolution/Taxonomy"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-17T13:31:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-17 13:31:55","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8904859","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8904859","identity":"rs-8904859","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}