1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 potentiates the innate immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Japanese Black cattle

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), a bioactive Vitamin D, is known to regulate immune responses in mammals. However, its impact on the innate immune responses of Japanese Black cattle, which are beef cattle endemic to Japan, remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on the immune responses of PBMC from Japanese Black cattle. PBMC were cultured with or without 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 for measurement of cell viability, and stimulated with or without 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for measurement of the gene expressions. As the results, the treatment of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 increased the cell viability. It also upregulated antibacterial peptides, DEFB10 and LAP with or without LPS stimulation. Moreover, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 enhanced the inflammatory responses, CXCL8 with LPS stimulation and NOS2 with or without LPS stimulation, while reducing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 w ith or without LPS stimulation, leading to an inflammatory phenotype. However, in contrast to humans and mice, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 did not alter the expression of TNF and downregulated TREM1 with LPS treatment. These results suggest that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 potentiates the innate immune responses of Japanese Black cattle, albeit with different effects and mechanisms as compared to humans and mice.