Effective FOPID Control of High-Order Fractional Systems: An Improved ALO-Based Model Reduction Approach

Effective FOPID Control of High-Order Fractional Systems: An Improved ALO-Based Model Reduction Approach | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effective FOPID Control of High-Order Fractional Systems: An Improved ALO-Based Model Reduction Approach Arun Selvaraj, Ganesh Mayilsamy This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7245207/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents the optimistic design and testing of a fractional order PID (FOPID) controller for higher fractional order (HFO) systems. To mitigate the complexity associated with HFO models, a reduced fractional order (RFO) system was meticulously derived. This derivation employed an Improved Ant Lion Optimization (IALO) framework, specifically enhancing the adaptive shrinking of traps methodology. The RFO system's accuracy in representing the HFO dynamics was rigorously confirmed through comparative performance analyses using Integral Squared Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE), and Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) criteria. Furthermore, the FOPID controller's precise control capabilities were validated by comparing the time-domain specifications of both the HFO and RFO systems. FOPID Controller Higher Fractional Order Reduced Fractional Order Ant Lion Optimization Error Analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7245207","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":492720058,"identity":"ef5111d7-4592-428a-88df-0d93f7036a86","order_by":0,"name":"Arun Selvaraj","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABC0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACCzBpwNjALAdiHHhAWIsEXIsxWEsCsVoYgFoSG0AMfFr4Z58xe/ijQiKxf/bhB8WFO6zT54cdfgi0xU5OtwGH8edyzI15zkgkzjiXZmA880x67sbbaQZALcnGZgdwWHOGx0yasU3CmOEMg4Exb9vh3I2zE0BaDiRuw6FFHqhF8uc/CWP5M+wfQFrSDWenf8CrxQCoRYK3QUIOyADbkiAvnYPfFsMzbGXSPMck5AzP8BQYz2xLN9wgnVNwIMEAt1/kzjBvk/xRY8Mjd4Z9m3Fhm7W8/Oz0zR8+VNjJ4fQ+EmADR6MBWKUBYeUgwPwYRMo3EKd6FIyCUTAKRg4AAGgXXCnqgBY9AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"PA college of engineering and technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arun","middleName":"","lastName":"Selvaraj","suffix":""},{"id":492720059,"identity":"141425ce-57a0-4c99-8b80-7e1acc7d697d","order_by":1,"name":"Ganesh Mayilsamy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ganesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Mayilsamy","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-29 16:08:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7245207/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7245207/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88152689,"identity":"b4736717-1853-42f0-87e7-215e111a3ee5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-02 08:46:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":569734,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"bst.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7245207/v1_covered_82741b3e-1435-489f-8639-78067ea6c070.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effective FOPID Control of High-Order Fractional Systems: An Improved ALO-Based Model Reduction Approach","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"FOPID Controller, Higher Fractional Order, Reduced Fractional Order, Ant Lion Optimization, Error Analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7245207/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7245207/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This paper presents the optimistic design and testing of a fractional order PID (FOPID) controller for higher fractional order (HFO) systems. 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