A System for Energy-Efficient Remote Health Monitoring in Resource-Constrained Mobile Environments

A System for Energy-Efficient Remote Health Monitoring in Resource-Constrained Mobile Environments | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A System for Energy-Efficient Remote Health Monitoring in Resource-Constrained Mobile Environments Marcelo Alves Guimarães, Raimundo José de Araújo Macêdo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8768923/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Digital healthcare increasingly relies on energy-efficient wireless technologies to enable continuous and reliable patient monitoring. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) offer significant potential for eHealth applications, yet their widespread adoption is constrained by high energy consumption in resource-limited environments. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of an energy-efficient clinical data collection and transmission tool based on Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), specifically leveraging LoRa technology. The proposed system integrates physiological data acquisition with GPS-based location tracking to provide contextualized health monitoring in mobile scenarios. To optimize power consumption, the tool employs a dual-layer strategy: a software-controlled mechanism that dynamically switches hardware components on and off to minimize energy consumption, and an Adaptive Transmission Power (ATP) mechanism that adjusts transmission power based on signal quality and environmental conditions. The system was fully implemented and validated through real-world experiments focused on remote electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, using both 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz LoRa frequency bands to assess performance across diverse deployment environments. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive power management techniques significantly reduce energy consumption while maintaining reliable data transmission and data integrity. These findings highlight the practical feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution for long-term, real-time eHealth monitoring in mobile and resource-constrained settings. Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Long Range (LoRa) Energy Efficiency Electronic Health (eHealth) Remote Monitoring Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SchematicGNiceRFSX1280v6.020221118.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 17 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 05 May, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 30 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 02 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8768923","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":635107949,"identity":"406f9d5a-5d25-435f-ade4-8e5a6e9b01d4","order_by":0,"name":"Marcelo Alves Guimarães","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBAjF+ADKNmBgbCBOC7MB8VqggE2CKC267cevSTzMscvnb29/Vs1TUZfHwN68TYJxxz2cWszO5JRJJG5Ltpxx5ozZbZ4zh4sZeI6VSTCeKcat5UBOGlAL0Bs3cthu87YdSGyQyDGTYGxLwK3l/BuQlnoD+fvPnxXz/qtLbJB/Q0DLjfRjQC2HDQxuMJgx8zYwA23hIaTlDbNF4rbjBoZncowl5xw7XMzGk1ZskXgGn8PSH978ua3aQO748Ycf3tTU5fGzH9544+MO3FoYGHgMUPlsIAKfBgYG9gd4pUfBKBgFo2AUMAAA4KRWSvSNoTwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Bahia State University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marcelo","middleName":"Alves","lastName":"Guimarães","suffix":""},{"id":635107950,"identity":"635fa8da-1570-4975-af56-59c6624fe46d","order_by":1,"name":"Raimundo José de Araújo Macêdo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Bahia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Raimundo","middleName":"José de Araújo","lastName":"Macêdo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-02 21:08:57","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8768923/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8768923/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109249515,"identity":"e50def86-d10d-4301-8dcf-1883cf340cd9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-14 08:55:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3570903,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2026Journalv12.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8768923/v1_covered_80e46566-09fb-4aa7-8df8-ed7939449d2d.pdf"},{"id":109236739,"identity":"02990673-aacb-4c07-b596-e24b96e9dd89","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-14 05:11:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":170458,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SchematicGNiceRFSX1280v6.020221118.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8768923/v1/ea103932997bc129fb3af750.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A System for Energy-Efficient Remote Health Monitoring in Resource-Constrained Mobile Environments","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-networks","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wine","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Networks](http://link.springer.com/journal/11276)","snPcode":"11276","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11276/3","title":"Wireless Networks","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), Long Range (LoRa), Energy Efficiency, Electronic Health (eHealth), Remote Monitoring, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS).","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8768923/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8768923/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eDigital healthcare increasingly relies on energy-efficient wireless technologies to enable continuous and reliable patient monitoring. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) offer significant potential for eHealth applications, yet their widespread adoption is constrained by high energy consumption in resource-limited environments. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of an energy-efficient clinical data collection and transmission tool based on Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs), specifically leveraging LoRa technology. The proposed system integrates physiological data acquisition with GPS-based location tracking to provide contextualized health monitoring in mobile scenarios. To optimize power consumption, the tool employs a dual-layer strategy: a software-controlled mechanism that dynamically switches hardware components on and off to minimize energy consumption, and an Adaptive Transmission Power (ATP) mechanism that adjusts transmission power based on signal quality and environmental conditions. 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