Microbiota of the intestinal tract of salinity-tolerant Cyprinodon variegatus riverendi

Microbiota of the intestinal tract of salinity-tolerant Cyprinodon variegatus riverendi | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Microbiota of the intestinal tract of salinity-tolerant Cyprinodon variegatus riverendi Oscar Victor Cardenas Alegria, Linette Indhira Dominguez-Araujo, and 10 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6947971/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Cyprinodon variegatus riverendi is a small fish that can develop in different ecological niches. Furthermore, this species tolerates salinity and other stress factors that converge simultaneously. In the Dominican Republic, the Dunas Lagoon is a semi-enclosed ecosystem fringed by mangroves and halophytic vegetation, which sustains a diverse array of fish, crustaceans, insects, and algae. Two conduits connect it to Las Calderas Bay, allowing tidal seawater to enter. Meanwhile, low rainfall, a highly porous substrate, and intense insolation drive rapid water level declines ( 40 days) and salinity surges induced by evaporation that can exceed 200%. This type of fish can be found in these niches with a high salinity content. The ability of these animals is related not only to their specific cellular structural components but also to their intestinal microbiota. Results: The intestinal microbiota composition of Cyprinodon variegatus riverendi was described using a shotgun metagenomic approach, revealing the components of this system, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. The diversity and composition analysis of the different microbial communities was presented, with a significant proportion of Serratia marcescens, Mycobacterium cariettii, Glutamicibacter sp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Some methanogenic species of archaea were found, as well as giant viruses and fungi. The functional genes stood out in the analyzes, with a predominance of metabolites that help fish tolerate stress and the presence of the Cetobacterium species, which has properties related to the production of protective metabolites. Conclusion: C. variegatus riverendi harbors a specialized, function-rich gut microbiome that likely augments host osmoregulation and oxidative stress resistance, enabling life in hypersaline niches. This community also represents a reservoir of extremotolerant microbes and enzymes with potential applications in aquaculture health management, bioremediation, and saline-process biotechnology. Cyprinodon microbial diversity intestinal microbiota Dominican Republic Peravia Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6947971","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":483513076,"identity":"d88f7578-1608-44d9-a55b-eaab64d120ad","order_by":0,"name":"Oscar Victor Cardenas Alegria","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Biological Sciences,Federal University of Pará","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oscar","middleName":"Victor Cardenas","lastName":"Alegria","suffix":""},{"id":483513077,"identity":"c8e950e1-47f7-4456-9e7c-a8462ca31cab","order_by":1,"name":"Linette Indhira Dominguez-Araujo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Linette","middleName":"Indhira","lastName":"Dominguez-Araujo","suffix":""},{"id":483513079,"identity":"6d27c32e-8692-4896-9c55-6e05bfa83375","order_by":2,"name":"Carlos Willians Dias Danta","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Minas Gerais","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carlos","middleName":"Willians Dias","lastName":"Danta","suffix":""},{"id":483513080,"identity":"04e93c99-a279-4363-8b0b-2715abec8b15","order_by":3,"name":"Victor Benedito Costa Ferreira","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Biological Sciences,Federal University of Pará","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Victor","middleName":"Benedito Costa","lastName":"Ferreira","suffix":""},{"id":483513082,"identity":"9edb8cbe-2c93-445b-bb78-2c04dd29fbd4","order_by":4,"name":"Luise Adriane Viana da Silva","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Biological Sciences,Federal University of Pará","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luise","middleName":"Adriane Viana da","lastName":"Silva","suffix":""},{"id":483513083,"identity":"7e4e812b-c93a-4eb0-93ec-f01e0b7bf569","order_by":5,"name":"Claudia Reyes","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Biological Sciences,Federal University of Pará","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Claudia","middleName":"","lastName":"Reyes","suffix":""},{"id":483513084,"identity":"bd53ba10-061b-4dac-aba7-93e751992d57","order_by":6,"name":"Yumeris Fernandez","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yumeris","middleName":"","lastName":"Fernandez","suffix":""},{"id":483513085,"identity":"634b8e77-f937-45f9-be12-e096129e039f","order_by":7,"name":"Mariel Polanco Valdez","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mariel","middleName":"Polanco","lastName":"Valdez","suffix":""},{"id":483513086,"identity":"da92cedb-0fa0-4851-943a-2f97f6236cc0","order_by":8,"name":"Carlos M. 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Furthermore, this species tolerates salinity and other stress factors that converge simultaneously. In the Dominican Republic, the Dunas Lagoon is a semi-enclosed ecosystem fringed by mangroves and halophytic vegetation, which sustains a diverse array of fish, crustaceans, insects, and algae. Two conduits connect it to Las Calderas Bay, allowing tidal seawater to enter. Meanwhile, low rainfall, a highly porous substrate, and intense insolation drive rapid water level declines ( 40 days) and salinity surges induced by evaporation that can exceed 200%. This type of fish can be found in these niches with a high salinity content. The ability of these animals is related not only to their specific cellular structural components but also to their intestinal microbiota.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eThe intestinal microbiota composition of \u003cem\u003eCyprinodon variegatus riverendi \u003c/em\u003ewas described using a shotgun metagenomic approach, revealing the components of this system, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. The diversity and composition analysis of the different microbial communities was presented, with a significant proportion of\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSerratia marcescens, Mycobacterium cariettii, Glutamicibacter sp.,\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eKlebsiella pneumoniae.\u003c/em\u003e Some methanogenic species of archaea were found, as well as giant viruses and fungi. The functional genes stood out in the analyzes, with a predominance of metabolites that help fish tolerate stress and the presence of the Cetobacterium species, which has properties related to the production of protective metabolites.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003eC. variegatus riverendi\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eharbors a specialized, function-rich gut microbiome that likely augments host osmoregulation and oxidative stress resistance, enabling life in hypersaline niches. This community also represents a reservoir of extremotolerant microbes and enzymes with potential applications in aquaculture health management, bioremediation, and saline-process biotechnology.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Microbiota of the intestinal tract of salinity-tolerant Cyprinodon variegatus riverendi","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-16 04:34:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6947971/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"004af12b-b6d3-4ce4-ac2d-e14bf1022a39","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 16th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-09-04T09:38:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-16 04:34:53","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6947971","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6947971","identity":"rs-6947971","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}