Therapeutic Effects of Biochanin A on Endometriosis: A Comprehensive Biochemical, Molecular and Histopathological Study in Rat

Endometriosis, characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, poses significant challenges in female reproductive health.This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Biochanin A (BCA) in a rat model of endometriosis, where fifty female rats were divided into five groups: a sham group, an endometriosis (EM) group, and three treatment groups receiving danazol (DZ), BCA, or a combination of both.Over 28 days, various biochemical and molecular parameters were assessed, including serum levels of inflammatory markers such as CRP, IL-6, IL-1, TNF-, and VEGF-A, alongside hormonal profiles.Results indicated that the EM group exhibited elevated inflammatory cytokines and reduced hormone levels compared to the sham group, with significant alterations in gene expression related to apoptosis and endometriosis.Notably, BCA treatment, both alone and in combination with DZ, effectively modulated these inflammatory responses and restored hormone levels, demonstrating its potential to enhance the expression of protective genes against endometriosis.Histopathological evaluations revealed that BCA significantly reduced cystic follicles while promoting the development of antral follicles and corpora lutea.These findings underscore the efficacy of BCA in mitigating the adverse effects of endometriosis, suggesting its role as a promising therapeutic agent in managing this complex condition.