Advanced Blade Profiles for Improved Efficiency in Savonius Wind Turbines: The Aeroleaf Case Study

Advanced Blade Profiles for Improved Efficiency in Savonius Wind Turbines: The Aeroleaf Case Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Advanced Blade Profiles for Improved Efficiency in Savonius Wind Turbines: The Aeroleaf Case Study Seyed Mohammadali Hosseinian, Mohsen Mohseni, Mohamad Sadeq Karimi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7204760/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 04 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 17 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Aeroleaf wind turbine, a modified Savonius vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), offers promising potential for urban environments but suffers from limited aerodynamic efficiency. This study investigates the impact of different pre-optimized blade profiles—elliptical, Roy, S-shaped, and scooplet—on the performance of the Aeroleaf turbine using unsteady numerical simulations with the k-ε Realizable turbulence model. Among the studied designs, the scooplet-based turbine demonstrated the highest performance, achieving a peak Power Coefficient (C p ) of 0.18 at a Tip-Speed Ratio (TSR) of 0.6, marking a 68.2% improvement over the original Aeroleaf. Additionally, it exhibited the highest static torque (0.443 N·m), ensuring superior self-starting capability. The S-shaped profile also showed a significant enhancement, reaching a peak C p of 0.156 at TSR = 0.7, but with slightly lower static torque. The Roy-profile turbine attained a C_p of 0.132 at TSR = 0.7 (23.4% improvement), while the elliptical-profile design exhibited the least improvement, with a peak C p of 0.124 at TSR = 0.6 (15.9% increase). The findings highlight the potential of utilizing optimized blade profiles to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency and self-starting capability of VAWTs. The scooplet-based turbine emerged as the most effective design, making it a promising candidate for small-scale wind energy applications. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Savonius wind turbine Aeroleaf turbine Power coefficient Tip-speed ratio Small- scale wind energy Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 04 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 21 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Aug, 2025 Editor invited by journal 28 Jul, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 25 Jul, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 24 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7204760","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":501467761,"identity":"f019aff1-5fca-4346-b5b8-d8fecd1ca593","order_by":0,"name":"Seyed Mohammadali Hosseinian","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sharif University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Seyed","middleName":"Mohammadali","lastName":"Hosseinian","suffix":""},{"id":501467762,"identity":"28b5af6d-3ce0-4629-827a-334fb0d48572","order_by":1,"name":"Mohsen Mohseni","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sharif University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohsen","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohseni","suffix":""},{"id":501467764,"identity":"87f5ff58-1d24-4a1a-9dde-288fe9fdfd9c","order_by":2,"name":"Mohamad Sadeq Karimi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/klEQVRIie3OMUsDMRjG8acc6HLgeiW030B44eA6XGm/isdBbknBsYNDJ7vUzvotbnWLBnS59tZApy6di4KLok1OXMQLHR3yH14SyI83gM/3LwvtCBCZKUFDkD1Mgc7sSMK/SXUsMamGwEXO5zcPL/oqRXe+2j7qy3o8OF1tpcSwV8q/SVKtcyaeCrCwICVok90vCjKEx61EC2LiRKEPDksuSJrDHipzkPhdfBpytrNkPaZ6B7Ply0USNrlWYFGzRXZKzS2R7aSqknSyLMLubbMlz0ptt1Ae37WR50W8EW9pP6p58Co+RuZjPNjL6ai3bCE/hb/u5H7u8/l8PncH/phm+59sU9cAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Sharif University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamad","middleName":"Sadeq","lastName":"Karimi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-24 10:53:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7204760/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7204760/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30636-8","type":"published","date":"2025-12-04T15:57:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97723799,"identity":"37c2a4ad-b011-4727-b245-d82b27ea19f4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 16:06:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2106076,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptFinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7204760/v1_covered_ff5e5397-a20a-406e-9bc7-9e30ff3fd8ac.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Advanced Blade Profiles for Improved Efficiency in Savonius Wind Turbines: The Aeroleaf Case Study","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Savonius wind turbine, Aeroleaf turbine, Power coefficient, Tip-speed ratio, Small- scale wind energy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7204760/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7204760/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe Aeroleaf wind turbine, a modified Savonius vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT), offers promising potential for urban environments but suffers from limited aerodynamic efficiency. This study investigates the impact of different pre-optimized blade profiles—elliptical, Roy, S-shaped, and scooplet—on the performance of the Aeroleaf turbine using unsteady numerical simulations with the k-ε Realizable turbulence model. Among the studied designs, the scooplet-based turbine demonstrated the highest performance, achieving a peak Power Coefficient (C\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e) of 0.18 at a Tip-Speed Ratio (TSR) of 0.6, marking a 68.2% improvement over the original Aeroleaf. Additionally, it exhibited the highest static torque (0.443 N·m), ensuring superior self-starting capability. The S-shaped profile also showed a significant enhancement, reaching a peak C\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e of 0.156 at TSR = 0.7, but with slightly lower static torque. The Roy-profile turbine attained a C_p of 0.132 at TSR = 0.7 (23.4% improvement), while the elliptical-profile design exhibited the least improvement, with a peak C\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e of 0.124 at TSR = 0.6 (15.9% increase). The findings highlight the potential of utilizing optimized blade profiles to enhance the aerodynamic efficiency and self-starting capability of VAWTs. The scooplet-based turbine emerged as the most effective design, making it a promising candidate for small-scale wind energy applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Advanced Blade Profiles for Improved Efficiency in Savonius Wind Turbines: The Aeroleaf Case Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-18 06:14:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7204760/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-08-21T09:49:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-21T00:13:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"277726680058379936606007406387002433685","date":"2025-08-17T11:30:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-17T04:05:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"110194464178675170604684471871820319587","date":"2025-08-14T07:18:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-13T20:08:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"5923514697190546659115584844462857060","date":"2025-08-13T00:46:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"35672222442533142251073899800254193791","date":"2025-08-11T23:30:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"310615667900481875247266242574756108009","date":"2025-08-11T10:56:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-11T10:53:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"328322768329293476220015536559881352607","date":"2025-08-11T08:51:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"335985925151325483353359846297330796137","date":"2025-08-11T08:20:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-11T05:16:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-28T12:11:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-07-25T06:19:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-07-25T04:33:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-07-24T10:45:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"00c123bb-cdcc-483f-bc1a-d3a5494e299d","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 18th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":53261562,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology"},{"id":53261563,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-08T16:00:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7204760","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30636-8","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-04 15:57:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 4th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-18 06:14:18","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-30636-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30636-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7204760","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7204760","identity":"rs-7204760","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}