Origami-Inspired 3D Opto-Electro Array for Optogenetic Neuromodulation and Neurophysiology Recording

Origami-Inspired 3D Opto-Electro Array for Optogenetic Neuromodulation and Neurophysiology Recording | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Origami-Inspired 3D Opto-Electro Array for Optogenetic Neuromodulation and Neurophysiology Recording Wen Li, Yan Gong, Xiang Liu, Zebin Jiang, Arthur Weber This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4033126/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 May, 2025 Read the published version in Microsystems & Nanoengineering → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents a thin-film, three-dimensional (3D) opto-electro array featuring four addressable microscale light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for surface cortex illumination and nine penetrating electrodes for simultaneous recording of light-evoked neural activities. Inspired by the origami concept, we have developed a meticulously designed "bridge+trench" structure that facilitates the transformation of the array from 2D to 3D while preventing damage to the thin film metal. Prior to device transformation, the shape and dimensions of the 2D array can be customized, enhancing its versatility for various applications. In addition, the arched base offers strong mechanical support to facilitate the direct insertion of the probe into tissue without any mechanical reinforcement. The array was encapsulated using polyimide and epoxy to ensure mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility of the device. The efficacy of the device was evaluated through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo characterization. Physical sciences/Engineering/Electrical and electronic engineering Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanobiotechnology/Biosensors Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanoscale devices/Sensors Full Text Additional Declarations (Not answered) Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 May, 2025 Read the published version in Microsystems & Nanoengineering → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: revise 08 May, 2024 Review # 1 received at journal 28 Apr, 2024 Review # 2 received at journal 27 Apr, 2024 Reviewer # 2 agreed at journal 10 Apr, 2024 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 10 Apr, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Apr, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Mar, 2024 First submitted to journal 07 Mar, 2024 Unknown event 07 Mar, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 07 Mar, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4033126","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":289585567,"identity":"725e352e-82c4-4a30-a89e-6105277c2850","order_by":0,"name":"Wen Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAw0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACxgMJFUi8BmL0HEg4Q7IWxjZStBgc7z1w4OE8G7vtDdzJn3kYbGQ3HCCk5cy5hAOJ29KS5xzg3SbNw5BmTFCL2Y0cA6CWw8kSDLzbmHkYDicS1nL/DVDLnP8gLZuBDvtPhJYbPEAtDQfsgFo2AB12gLAW+zNAhyUcS06QYObdJjnHINl4JiEtku1nDB/+qLGzl2Dv3fzhTYWdbB8hLTCQ2MAMogyIVA52IAlqR8EoGAWjYKQBAAMcRYWbKhbzAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6862-8561","institution":"Michigan State University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wen","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":289585568,"identity":"86572c7c-c4f3-4bf1-8735-15420cc33734","order_by":1,"name":"Yan Gong","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3114-1060","institution":"University of Southern California","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yan","middleName":"","lastName":"Gong","suffix":""},{"id":289585569,"identity":"c64200a5-ec44-4fe7-9d87-22be8fdf00f9","order_by":2,"name":"Xiang Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Michigan State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":289585570,"identity":"c217ce3d-d92f-4476-9a18-f37e6c6303c6","order_by":3,"name":"Zebin Jiang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Michigan State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zebin","middleName":"","lastName":"Jiang","suffix":""},{"id":289585571,"identity":"e52a7595-4281-4473-ba6e-4dec049e4c25","order_by":4,"name":"Arthur Weber","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Michigan State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arthur","middleName":"","lastName":"Weber","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-07 22:50:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4033126/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4033126/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00842-x","type":"published","date":"2025-05-06T04:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":82148517,"identity":"18666a90-f7b4-485a-8ff4-abb37ce6414b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-07 07:07:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1074548,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OrigamiInspired3DOptoElectroArrayforOptogeneticNeuromodulationandNeurophysiologyRecording.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4033126/v1_covered_46489a1d-a207-4e2a-af20-07663a52239a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"(Not answered)","formattedTitle":"Origami-Inspired 3D Opto-Electro Array for Optogenetic Neuromodulation and Neurophysiology Recording","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"microsystems-and-nanoengineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"micronano","sideBox":"Learn more about [Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering](http://www.nature.com/micronano/)","snPcode":"41378","submissionUrl":"https://mts-micronano.nature.com/","title":"Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4033126/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4033126/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This paper presents a thin-film, three-dimensional (3D) opto-electro array featuring four addressable microscale light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for surface cortex illumination and nine penetrating electrodes for simultaneous recording of light-evoked neural activities. Inspired by the origami concept, we have developed a meticulously designed \"bridge+trench\" structure that facilitates the transformation of the array from 2D to 3D while preventing damage to the thin film metal. Prior to device transformation, the shape and dimensions of the 2D array can be customized, enhancing its versatility for various applications. In addition, the arched base offers strong mechanical support to facilitate the direct insertion of the probe into tissue without any mechanical reinforcement. The array was encapsulated using polyimide and epoxy to ensure mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility of the device. The efficacy of the device was evaluated through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo characterization.","manuscriptTitle":"Origami-Inspired 3D Opto-Electro Array for Optogenetic Neuromodulation and Neurophysiology Recording","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-15 14:18:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4033126/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"revise","date":"2024-05-09T00:42:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2024-04-29T03:51:13+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2024-04-28T00:45:13+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2024-04-10T08:47:30+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"This content is not available.","date":"2024-04-10T08:28:29+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"This content is not available."},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-10T07:59:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-03-11T02:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering","date":"2024-03-08T02:07:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksFailed","content":"","date":"2024-03-08T01:00:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-03-07T22:49:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"microsystems-and-nanoengineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"micronano","sideBox":"Learn more about [Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering](http://www.nature.com/micronano/)","snPcode":"41378","submissionUrl":"https://mts-micronano.nature.com/","title":"Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"410d06a6-0783-489f-8142-ab6056e25fbc","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 15th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":30492166,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering/Electrical and electronic engineering"},{"id":30492167,"name":"Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanobiotechnology/Biosensors"},{"id":30492168,"name":"Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanoscale devices/Sensors"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-07T07:07:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4033126","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00842-x","journal":{"identity":"microsystems-and-nanoengineering","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Microsystems \u0026 Nanoengineering"},"publishedOn":"2025-05-06 04:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 6th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-15 14:18:15","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00842-x","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00842-x","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4033126","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4033126","identity":"rs-4033126","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}