Optogenetic SH3 nanoclustering of SRC and HCK uncovers the functional specificity of these redundant kinases in macrophages

Summary Understanding redundancy among Src Family Kinases (SFKs) challenges how cells achieve signaling specificity using closely related enzymes, and paves the way to revisit a basic property of any cell signaling network. Optogenetic control of the adaptor properties of the most redundant SFK members, SRC and HCK, was used to examine their potential specificity in macrophages. Uncoupling their kinase and adaptor functions uncovers an unique mechanism driven by oligomerized- and SH3-dependent specific binding that enables inducing distinct signaling outputs for each kinase. OptoSRC and optoHCK probes revealed that SRC and HCK can trigger specific cellular responses, despite only supposed overlapping functions. The specificity of optoHCK even unveils a novel role in activating polarized clathrin hotspots essential for directional migration. Redundancy could be rebuilt within optoHCK through stepwise optogenetic reconstruction of adaptor modules revealing the essential role of both membrane anchoring and SH2-domain. This deconstructive approach of SFK activation elucidated the molecular basis of their shared and unique signaling activities and supports a model of cooperative functional entanglement between SFK members, rather than simple redundancy.