Shear Behaviour of Waste Plastic Fibrous Concrete Beams Reinforced by New Configuration Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bars

Shear Behaviour of Waste Plastic Fibrous Concrete Beams Reinforced by New Configuration Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bars | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Shear Behaviour of Waste Plastic Fibrous Concrete Beams Reinforced by New Configuration Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bars Akram Mahmoud, Ali H. Allawi, Abdulkader I. AL-Hadithi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956986/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of the waste plastic and the fibre-reinforced polymer on the shear behaviour of the rectangular reinforced concrete beams. The experimental program was aimed to study the ductility of the beam that replaced the steel stirrups with the laminate of carbon fibre reinforced polymer as a transverse while the glass fibre reinforced polymer GFRP as longitudinal reinforced and add the waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate PET with different percentage 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The parameters of this investigated include the percentage of waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate PET and the percentage of CFRP that replaced with steel which equals 50%, 100%, and 150% from the steel strips. All beams cast with the dimensions 150mm width, 200mm height, and 1400mm length to test under two-point load. The results of this paper showed that the clear effect of the polyethylene terephthalate PET on the shear behaviour of beams which enhanced the ductility, ultimate deflection, ultimate load, and stiffness. Besides to the results above the fibre reinforced concrete beam considered more safety against the corrosion because the fibre had a good corrosion resistance and also reduced the pollution in environmental due to the large amount of waste plastic bottles that produce each year Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 1. INTRODUCTION All over the world, reinforced concrete is considered the most common construction material. However, reinforced concrete is suffering from some weaknesses such as the concrete is considered brittle material with very low tensile strength as well as the corrosion problem of steel reinforcement especially when it is exposed to aggressive environment. This problem of brittleness could be overcome by using the term of fiber reinforced concrete. The idea of incorporating fibers is not recent, it has been used from old time when horsehair were added to clay in order to produce strong bricks[ 1 – 3 ]. There are many types of fibers are commonly used such steel, polypropylene, CFRP, GFRP, as well as PET. Recently, it was observed that large quantities of waste plastic are accumulated and overstock. A great effort must be made for its disposal as well as the cost and the negative environmental impact of recycling it. PET is considered the most common type of those wastes such as drinking bottles. Annually, 10 million tons of drinking bottles are consumed. Although, the reproduction of drinking bottle is possible after treatment operations, it is considered costly and not within the required quality[ 4 ]. So, the best solution of this problem is to incorporate those wastes into concrete after simple treatment process in order to enhance some of concrete properties. On the other hand, GFRP has been used in concrete as a main reinforcement due to higher strength than steel reinforcement and it is considered more durable than steel reinforcement. Despite of the advantages mentioned previously, there are some drawbacks of using GFRP such as it is very difficult to bend the GFRP bars in the site, and replacing steel reinforcement entirely with GFRP increased the brittleness of concrete due to the linear behavior until failure. Therefore, PET fibers are proposed to be added into concrete in order to increase ductility. ACI code 2019 and the most codes given the factor of safety for shear more than the flexural to avoid the shear failure because the shear failure is brittle compared with the ductile flexural failure[ 5 – 7 ]. Several investigations in last decade (Kandasamy and Murugesan, 2012[ 8 ]; prahallada 2013[ 9 ]; Ms. K. Ramadevi 2015[ 10 ]; Mr. Govind V. Dhanani 2016[ 11 ]; B.S. Al-Tulaian 2016; Mustafa Ahmed Abbas 2018[ 1 ]; Subhi A. Ali[ 12 ]) were focused on the effect of waste plastic on the mechanical properties and the shear behavior. (Ha Minh [ 13 ]; M. Sivaraja[ 14 ]; Layla Amaireh[ 5 ]; Armoosh et al [ 15 ]; Abdelmonem Masmoudi[ 16 ]; Shahad AbdulAdheem Jabbaret [ 17 ]; Maath G. Alkubaisi et al[ 18 ]) were focused on the effect of CFRP and GFRP on the shear behavior. This study focus on the investigation of the effect of the combination of using PET fibers in concrete with using GFRP as a main reinforcement as well as replacing steel stirrups with CFRP strips on shear behavior of concrete. 2. MATERAIL AND METHODOLOGY 2.1. MATERAIL 2.1.1. MIX DESIGN The mix concrete was designed according to the ACI 318 − 14[ 19 ], the type of cement was ordinary Portland cement. Table 1 shows the mix proportions and main properties. All specimens were cast and cured for 28 days and then tested after removal from moist curing. Table 1 Proportion of mix design. Ingredient Ingredient Quantity Cement 450 kg/m 3 Water 166 kg/m 3 Coarse aggregate 1020 kg/m 3 Fine aggregate 900 kg/m 3 Super-plasticizer 2.25 kg/m 3 2.1.2- WASTE PLASTIC FIBER Polyethene terephthalate PET fibers are the most widely used fiber which forms the largest portion of the waste plastic. This new recycled material is very important for both building and plastic recycling industry[ 20 ]. PET is obtained in a large amount from cutting the plastic bottle used as containers for water and beverages such as in Fig. 1 . The dimensions and other properties of the PET were showed in Table 2 . Table 2 Properties of waste plastic fiber PET. Dimensions (mm) Elongation (%) Aspect Ratio Density (Kg/m3) Water Absorption Color 70 * 4 * 0.35 16 50 1.38 0 Crystalline Colorless transparent 2.1.3- CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER CFRP Sika Wrap®-300 C is a unidirectional woven carbon fiber fabric. The woven designed with mid-range strengths for installation on the clean concrete using the dry or wet application process[ 21 ]. In this paper, the dry application used to install carbon fiber such as in Fig. 2 . Carbon fiber properties were shown in Table 3 . Table 3 Properties of CFRP sheet. Fiber type Selected mid rang strength carbon fiber * Fiber orientation 0° (unidirectional) Warp Black carbon fibers 99% Fabric length per roll 50 m Fabric width ( 100, 300, 600 ) mm Dry Fiber Density 1.82 g/cm3 Dry Fiber Thickness 0.167 mm (based on fiber content) Dry Fiber Tensile Strength 4 000 N/mm2 Dry Fiber Modulus of Elasticity in Tension 230 000 N/mm2 Dry Fiber Elongation at Break 1.7% * This table given by Sika Warp company. 2.1.4- GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER GFRP Glass fiber reinforced polymer GFRP is a composite rebar which made from glass fiber that is giver the strength, and thermosetting resins acting as binders such as Fig. 3 . The most important fiberglass reinforcement advantages are low weight, high strength, and high corrosion resistance compared with steel-reinforced, it is an alternative material to steel rebar[ 18 , 22 , 23 ]. Glass fiber properties were shown in Table 4 . Table 4 Properties of GFRP rebar. Material Fiberglass plastic, epoxy resin, curing agent Product features Lightweight, intensive strength, corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, easy to cut, no electricity, no heat conduction Diameter 12 mm Length 12m Colors yellow Ultimate Tensile strength 802 MPa Elastic modulus 45000 MPa This table given by Sika Warp company. 2.2 SPECIMENS PREPARATION Sixteen reinforced concrete beams were cast, divided into four groups A, B, C, and D, each group have four beams, one of these represent the control beam while the other three beams were with different percentage of waste plastic fiber PET 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The beams had a cross section of 150*200mm and the total length of 1400mm. The traversal reinforcement were steel stirrups with 6mm diameter for the first group and CFRP for the second, third, and fourth groups with different width 6mm, 12mm, and 18mm respectively. The longitudinal reinforcement was three bars of GFRP with 12mm diameter at the bottom and two bars of steel with 8mm diameter at top for all beams as shown in Fig. 4 . ACI 318 − 19[ 24 ] code was used to design the beams to fail in shear. The control beams for all groups designed as (BS-0%, BC-0%-6mm, BC-0%-12mm, and BC-0%-18mm). 2.3 TEST SETUP AND INSTRUMENTATION All beams were tested as simply supported beams in a four-point loading configuration as shown in Fig. 5 . The clear span of the simple support was 1200mm, the shear span (a) was 425mm, and the effective depth (d) of the beam was 168mm. According to the ACI 318 − 19[ 24 ], the (a/d) ratio was equal 2.529 which selected to ensure that shear failure occurs in the beam. Dial gauge and LVDT were used to measure the mid-span and shear deflection. strain gauge and camera full HD which used to measure the strain in reinforcement and concrete. The instrument capacity of test was 450KN, it consists of a hydraulic jack and a control panel such as illustrated in Fig. 6 . 3. FINDINGS/ DISCUSSION The experimental results were discussed, compared, and analyzed according to failure mode, moment-curvature, and load-deflection. The analysis and discussion is justifiable for the size of the specimen and applied CFRP configuration, but cannot be generalized for all beams size and other CFRP strips orientation and number of layers. 3.1 FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES The effect of using PET fibers on fresh and mechanical properties of concrete are summarized in Table 5 below. Table 5 The results of mechanical properties. Fibers percentage % Slump (mm) Compressive Strength (MPa) Splitting tensile Strength (MPa) Elastic modulus (GPa) 0 80 44.8 3.54 31.7 0.5 65 47.17 3.98 30.4 1 40 38.01 4.36 28.8 1.5 20 30.128 3.77 26.3 The results show that PET has a negative effect on slump and elastic modulus causing a considerable decrease in slump due to increase the internal friction between fibers and aggregate and slight decrease in the elastic modulus can be seen due to a considerable increase in the strain of concrete. On the other hand, compressive strength increased with 0.5% of PET fibers then started to decrease with increasing fibers volume due to the creation of additional voids in concrete. Finally splitting tensile strength increased gradually up to 1% of PET fibers, then decreased for the same reasons mentioned previously. Bhogayata et al., 2012[ 25 ]; Nibuda et al., 2013;[ 26 ]; Malagaveli, 2011[ 27 ], and Rahmani et al. 2013[ 28 ] investigated the effect of PET fibers on the mechnical properties of normal concrete. 3.2 FAILURE MODE Figure 7 illustrated the failure mode of all beams. Existence of PET fibers improved the failure mode, the number and width of cracks decreased with the increasing PET fibers content, the waste plastic fibers in concrete works like a crack arrester and connect the opposite sides of crack during the propagation of the crack. In addition, the PET fibers prevented the collapse of the concrete after the failure as shown in figure 8. 3.3 MOMENT-CURVATURE The moment curvature for all beams are shown in Fig. 9 , it’s very important relationship to find the ductility of the structure. For all beams the rotation Ɵ decreased with higher fiber content, while the ultimate rotation Ɵ for beams with CFRP strips width 12mm and 18mm increased at fiber percentage 1.5% about 26.35% and 28.9%. The explanation for this behavior is that the fiber work on restricting concrete and bridging the cracks, thus lead to reduce the rotation at the same moment, while the increasing of ultimate rotation at the beams (BC-1.5%-6mm, BA-1.5%-18mm) due to increase the ultimate load of the of beams because the fiber will be carrying a small portion of the tensile stresses in the concrete at the same strips. For beams with different strips, the rotation of the beams with CFRP strips was larger because the elastic modulus of the CFRP fiber with sikadur330 less than the elastic modulus of steel. 3.4 LOAD-DEFLECTION RESPONCE The load deflection relationship for all beams illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11 . The first group of beams with steel stirrups had reduced stiffness, ultimate strength, as well as ultimate deflection. For the other three groups with CFRP strips at different width 6, 12, 18 mm, the stiffness increased by 7.6%, 14.7%, 17% at the fibers percentages 1.5%, 1%, 1.5% for each strip width with mentioned fiber content. The variation of the curve for the beams with the same fiber percentage between the steel and CFRP strips was lowest at the fiber percentage equal 1.5%. The attribution of this behavior is the same as previous interpretation of moment curvature. 4. CONCLUSIONS The sudden shear weakness of the beam was expressed in the influence of waste plastic and CFRP strips (as internal stirrups-secondary reinforcements-) on the shear behaviors of beams after creation of the diagonal shear break at various load values. The addition of waste plastic to the concrete increased the area under the moment-Ɵ curvature, this means increases the ductility of the reinforced concrete beam. The waste plastic improved the ultimate load in beams which reinforced with CFRP strips that immerged by sikadur-330. The increase of the ultimate load with increasing CFRP width was not proportional, such as the same fiber percentage 1% for four beams with different CFRP strips width 6mm, 12mm, and 18mm the increase in the ultimate load were 15.5% and 5.14%, respectively. The findings of this paper contributed in potential studies in this field, with the impact of concrete strength and beam size being taken into account, in developing a formula for rational measurement of shear strength given by CFRP internally reinforced strips with and without waste plastic fiber. Declarations Conflict of interest It is declared that there is no conflict of interest in this research work. Declarations There is no ethical concern in this research work. Author Contribution Ali H. Allawi, MSc Candidate Civil Engineering Department, University of Anbar, Iraq References A. I. Al-Hadithi and M. A. Abbas, "The Effects of adding Waste Plastic Fibers on the Mechanical Properties and Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams," Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 110–124, 2018. A. Kılıç, C. D. Atiş, E. Yaşar, and F. Özcan, "High-strength lightweight concrete made with scoria aggregate containing mineral admixtures," Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1595–1599, 2003. D. Foti, "Use of recycled waste pet bottles fibers for the reinforcement of concrete," Composite Structures, vol. 96, pp. 396–404, 2013. N. Saikia, J. J. C. De Brito, and B. Materials, "Use of plastic waste as aggregate in cement mortar and concrete preparation: A review," vol. 34, pp. 385–401, 2012. L. Amaireh, R. Z. Al-Rousan, A. N. Ababneh, and M. Alhassan, "Integration of CFRP strips as an internal shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete beams," in Structures , 2020, vol. 23, pp. 13–19: Elsevier. K. Hannawi, S. Kamali-Bernard, and W. J. W. m. Prince, "Physical and mechanical properties of mortars containing PET and PC waste aggregates," vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 2312–2320, 2010. S. Chowdhury, A. T. Maniar, and O. J. I. J. C. E. B. S. Suganya, "Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste as building solution," vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 308–312, 2013. R. Kandasamy and R. Murugesan, "Fibre reinforced concrete using domestic waste plastics as fibres," ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 75–82, 2011. M. Prahallada and K. Parkash, "Effect of different aspect ratio of waste plastic fibers on the properties of fiber reinforced concrete e an experimental investigation," International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 1–13, 2013. K. Ramadevi and R. Manju, "Experimental investigation on the properties of concrete with plastic PET (bottle) fibres as fine aggregates," International journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 42–46, 2012. M. G. V. Dhanani and M. P. D. Bhimani, "Effect of Use Plastic Aggregates as partial replacement of natural aggregates in concrete with plastic fibres," Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol, vol. 3, pp. 2569–2573, 2016. A. M. H. Mansour and S. A. J. E. f. s. d. Ali, "Reusing waste plastic bottles as an alternative sustainable building material," vol. 24, pp. 79–85, 2015. H. Minh and H. Mutsuyoshi, "Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using epoxy bonded steel plates, CFRP sheets and externally anchored stirrups," Vietnam Journal of Mechanics, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 299–306, 2008. M. Sivaraja and S. Kandasamy, "Characterisation of natural fibres as concrete composites for structural applications," International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, vol. 36, no. 1–4, pp. 385–395, 2009. S. R. Armoosh, A.R. Khalim, A.S. Mahmood, "Shear response of lean duplex stainless steel plate girders", Structural Engineering and Mechanics. vol. 54, no. 6, pp.1267–1281,2015. A. Masmoudi, M. B. Ouezdou, and M. Haddar, "Mode of failure for reinforced concrete beams with GFRP bars," Journal of theoretical and applied mechanics, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1137–1146, 2016. S. A. Jabbar and S. B. Farid, "Replacement of steel rebars by GFRP rebars in the concrete structures," Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 216–227, 2018. M. G. Alkubaisi, A. I. Alhadithy, and A. S. Mahmoud, "Flexural behavior of beams reinforced by GFRP bars with CFRP sheets immersed in epoxy as shear," Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2019. C. Mancuso and F. M. J. A. S. J. Bartlett, "ACI 318 – 14 Criteria for Computing Instantaneous Deflections," vol. 114, no. 5, 2017. J.R. Jambeck, R. Geyer, C. Wilcox, T.R. Siegler, M.Perryman, A. Andrady, R. Narayan, and K.L. Law, "Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean", Science, Vol. 347, no. 6223, pp.768–771, 2015. A. Carolin, "Carbon fibre reinforced polymers for strengthening of structural elements," PhD thesis, Luleå Uninersity of Technology, Sweden, 2003. H. Brothers, "Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Rebar—Aslan 100 Series FIBERGLASS REBAR," ed: Hughes Brothers, Seward, Neb, USA, 2011. M. Hamrat et al. , "Experimental and numerical investigation on the deflection behavior of pre-cracked and repaired reinforced concrete beams with fiber-reinforced polymer," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 249, p. 118745, 2020. A. Committee, "Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318 – 19) and commentary," in American Concrete Institute , 2019. A. Bhogayata, N. Arora, and A. J. I. J. R. E. T. Nakum, "Strength characteristics of concrete containing post consumer metalized plastic waste," vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 430–434, 2015. R. Nibudey, P. Nagarnaik, D. Parbat, A. J. I. j. o. e. r. Pande, and applications, "Strengths prediction of plastic fiber reinforced concrete (M30)," vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1818–1825, 2013. V. Malagavelli, N. R. J. I. J. o. E. S. Patura, and Engineering, "Strength characteristics of concrete using solid waste an experimental investigation," vol. 4, no. 6, 2011. H. J. Araghi, I. Nikbin, S. R. Reskati, E. Rahmani, H. J. C. Allahyari, and B. Materials, "An experimental investigation on the erosion resistance of concrete containing various PET particles percentages against sulfuric acid attack," vol. 77, pp. 461–471, 2015. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3956986","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":272972730,"identity":"6e9f492d-8d59-404a-83c9-48501e37a795","order_by":0,"name":"Akram Mahmoud","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of Anbar","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Akram","middleName":"","lastName":"Mahmoud","suffix":""},{"id":272972731,"identity":"d91c30ff-dfad-4a4a-bad2-299526b5b0a8","order_by":1,"name":"Ali H. Allawi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Anbar","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"H.","lastName":"Allawi","suffix":""},{"id":272972732,"identity":"88f68d5f-b338-4ca9-9e95-e56485077f68","order_by":2,"name":"Abdulkader I. AL-Hadithi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Anbar","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdulkader","middleName":"I.","lastName":"AL-Hadithi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-14 21:18:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956986/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956986/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":51238215,"identity":"93870ab9-a865-4467-bddf-506142320f0c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:48:32","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":791771,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePET fibers.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/f1c4c9e28c78e8872bd9f6bf.png"},{"id":51236371,"identity":"c3fc6d26-5e07-4362-a851-3e8598698aef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:32","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":920693,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe laminate of CFRP.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/0dda58427adc82d20f24fb33.png"},{"id":51236376,"identity":"8402d94e-afd4-4cc6-8a1e-20906439bca1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:32","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":425901,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGFRP rebar\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/7a5f338033fd63caf690aea6.png"},{"id":51236373,"identity":"b6f73b8f-1b36-4506-8753-a16e64239d9b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:32","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1215480,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eReinforced concrete beams groups.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/49a40f5090d4428239907813.png"},{"id":51236380,"identity":"0f69a6e0-cd98-4292-83e4-486560670df0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:32","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":120492,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe configuration of strain, LVDT, dial gauge, and point of camera.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/dcc3087fa66614ccafb58939.png"},{"id":51236381,"identity":"3cf1a32e-4f20-4e67-b42f-75abd6a15ee6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:32","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":110157,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe instrument of test.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/aa908a9808f4d3a2395fc611.png"},{"id":51236375,"identity":"a79b4095-2c52-4567-8a99-c00d69776409","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:32","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1600135,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe failure modes of beams.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/e8d81ded4e891f6bde28f948.png"},{"id":51236379,"identity":"28e6e999-a494-42ff-87f0-a971bed87c9c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:32","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":304030,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe effect of PET when replacing steel within CFRP strips-\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/30763cded3d3ae73cfdceeda.png"},{"id":51236377,"identity":"c7cc4cd6-b1e1-4acf-8b11-abad4d455422","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:32","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":167564,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eillustrate the Moment Curvature for beams with different fiber percentage.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/018dc68c7c6ea24e8327d4d9.png"},{"id":51236378,"identity":"ca0c9b2a-982d-41a9-bdd5-0992afe1e971","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:32","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":117525,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe mid span load- deflection curve for beams with different fiber percentage\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/d48001d4dd21a407306a1ae2.png"},{"id":51236382,"identity":"0ad07a26-60e8-4928-9685-2b5a0ca5c035","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-16 16:40:33","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":174436,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe mid spam load-deflection curve for beam with different strips\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/1e2b9fb10854d01c3f2b342b.png"},{"id":62051487,"identity":"e1d1afec-4bd8-44ba-9bec-cea4b53f3bb8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-08 17:39:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":7376488,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3956986/v1/a4b94c2a-7252-49e7-809f-160308cd750a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Shear Behaviour of Waste Plastic Fibrous Concrete Beams Reinforced by New Configuration Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bars","fulltext":[{"header":"1. INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eAll over the world, reinforced concrete is considered the most common construction material. However, reinforced concrete is suffering from some weaknesses such as the concrete is considered brittle material with very low tensile strength as well as the corrosion problem of steel reinforcement especially when it is exposed to aggressive environment. This problem of brittleness could be overcome by using the term of fiber reinforced concrete. The idea of incorporating fibers is not recent, it has been used from old time when horsehair were added to clay in order to produce strong bricks[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. There are many types of fibers are commonly used such steel, polypropylene, CFRP, GFRP, as well as PET. Recently, it was observed that large quantities of waste plastic are accumulated and overstock. A great effort must be made for its disposal as well as the cost and the negative environmental impact of recycling it. PET is considered the most common type of those wastes such as drinking bottles. Annually, 10\u0026nbsp;million tons of drinking bottles are consumed. Although, the reproduction of drinking bottle is possible after treatment operations, it is considered costly and not within the required quality[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. So, the best solution of this problem is to incorporate those wastes into concrete after simple treatment process in order to enhance some of concrete properties. On the other hand, GFRP has been used in concrete as a main reinforcement due to higher strength than steel reinforcement and it is considered more durable than steel reinforcement. Despite of the advantages mentioned previously, there are some drawbacks of using GFRP such as it is very difficult to bend the GFRP bars in the site, and replacing steel reinforcement entirely with GFRP increased the brittleness of concrete due to the linear behavior until failure. Therefore, PET fibers are proposed to be added into concrete in order to increase ductility. ACI code 2019 and the most codes given the factor of safety for shear more than the flexural to avoid the shear failure because the shear failure is brittle compared with the ductile flexural failure[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR6\" citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Several investigations in last decade (Kandasamy and Murugesan, 2012[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]; prahallada 2013[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]; Ms. K. Ramadevi 2015[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]; Mr. Govind V. Dhanani 2016[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]; B.S. Al-Tulaian 2016; Mustafa Ahmed Abbas 2018[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]; Subhi A. Ali[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]) were focused on the effect of waste plastic on the mechanical properties and the shear behavior. (Ha Minh [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]; M. Sivaraja[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]; Layla Amaireh[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]; Armoosh et al [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]; Abdelmonem Masmoudi[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]; Shahad AbdulAdheem Jabbaret [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]; Maath G. Alkubaisi et al[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]) were focused on the effect of CFRP and GFRP on the shear behavior.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study focus on the investigation of the effect of the combination of using PET fibers in concrete with using GFRP as a main reinforcement as well as replacing steel stirrups with CFRP strips on shear behavior of concrete.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. MATERAIL AND METHODOLOGY","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1. MATERAIL\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1.1. MIX DESIGN\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mix concrete was designed according to the ACI 318\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e], the type of cement was ordinary Portland cement. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the mix proportions and main properties. All specimens were cast and cured for 28 days and then tested after removal from moist curing.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProportion of mix design.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngredient\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngredient Quantity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e450 kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166 kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoarse aggregate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1020 kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFine aggregate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e900 kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuper-plasticizer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.25 kg/m\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1.2- WASTE PLASTIC FIBER\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePolyethene terephthalate PET fibers are the most widely used fiber which forms the largest portion of the waste plastic. This new recycled material is very important for both building and plastic recycling industry[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. PET is obtained in a large amount from cutting the plastic bottle used as containers for water and beverages such as in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The dimensions and other properties of the PET were showed in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of waste plastic fiber PET.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions (mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElongation\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAspect Ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDensity\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Kg/m3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater Absorption\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eColor\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 * 4 * 0.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrystalline\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eColorless transparent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1.3- CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER CFRP\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSika Wrap\u0026reg;-300 C is a unidirectional woven carbon fiber fabric. The woven designed with mid-range strengths for installation on the clean concrete using the dry or wet application process[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. In this paper, the dry application used to install carbon fiber such as in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Carbon fiber properties were shown in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of CFRP sheet.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFiber type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelected mid rang strength carbon fiber \u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFiber orientation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026deg; (unidirectional)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWarp\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlack carbon fibers 99%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFabric length per roll\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFabric width\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e( 100, 300, 600 ) mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry Fiber Density\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.82 g/cm3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry Fiber Thickness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.167 mm (based on fiber content)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry Fiber Tensile Strength\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 000 N/mm2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry Fiber Modulus of Elasticity in Tension\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e230 000 N/mm2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry Fiber Elongation at Break\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003eThis table given by Sika Warp company.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1.4- GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER GFRP\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlass fiber reinforced polymer GFRP is a composite rebar which made from glass fiber that is giver the strength, and thermosetting resins acting as binders such as Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. The most important fiberglass reinforcement advantages are low weight, high strength, and high corrosion resistance compared with steel-reinforced, it is an alternative material to steel rebar[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Glass fiber properties were shown in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProperties of GFRP rebar.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFiberglass plastic, epoxy resin, curing agent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduct features\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLightweight, intensive strength, corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, easy to cut, no electricity, no heat conduction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiameter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLength\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12m\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eColors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyellow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUltimate Tensile strength\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e802 MPa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElastic modulus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45000 MPa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis table given by Sika Warp company.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 SPECIMENS PREPARATION\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSixteen reinforced concrete beams were cast, divided into four groups A, B, C, and D, each group have four beams, one of these represent the control beam while the other three beams were with different percentage of waste plastic fiber PET 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The beams had a cross section of 150*200mm and the total length of 1400mm. The traversal reinforcement were steel stirrups with 6mm diameter for the first group and CFRP for the second, third, and fourth groups with different width 6mm, 12mm, and 18mm respectively. The longitudinal reinforcement was three bars of GFRP with 12mm diameter at the bottom and two bars of steel with 8mm diameter at top for all beams as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. ACI 318\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;19[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] code was used to design the beams to fail in shear. The control beams for all groups designed as (BS-0%, BC-0%-6mm, BC-0%-12mm, and BC-0%-18mm).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 TEST SETUP AND INSTRUMENTATION\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll beams were tested as simply supported beams in a four-point loading configuration as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. The clear span of the simple support was 1200mm, the shear span (a) was 425mm, and the effective depth (d) of the beam was 168mm. According to the ACI 318\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;19[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e], the (a/d) ratio was equal 2.529 which selected to ensure that shear failure occurs in the beam. Dial gauge and LVDT were used to measure the mid-span and shear deflection. strain gauge and camera full HD which used to measure the strain in reinforcement and concrete. The instrument capacity of test was 450KN, it consists of a hydraulic jack and a control panel such as illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. FINDINGS/ DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe experimental results were discussed, compared, and analyzed according to failure mode, moment-curvature, and load-deflection. The analysis and discussion is justifiable for the size of the specimen and applied CFRP configuration, but cannot be generalized for all beams size and other CFRP strips orientation and number of layers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.1 FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effect of using PET fibers on fresh and mechanical properties of concrete are summarized in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results of mechanical properties.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFibers percentage %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSlump\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(mm)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompressive\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStrength (MPa)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSplitting tensile\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStrength (MPa)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElastic modulus\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(GPa)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e44.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.54\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e47.17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.01\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.128\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.77\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results show that PET has a negative effect on slump and elastic modulus causing a considerable decrease in slump due to increase the internal friction between fibers and aggregate and slight decrease in the elastic modulus can be seen due to a considerable increase in the strain of concrete. On the other hand, compressive strength increased with 0.5% of PET fibers then started to decrease with increasing fibers volume due to the creation of additional voids in concrete. Finally splitting tensile strength increased gradually up to 1% of PET fibers, then decreased for the same reasons mentioned previously. Bhogayata et al., 2012[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]; Nibuda et al., 2013;[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]; Malagaveli, 2011[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e], and Rahmani et al. 2013[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] investigated the effect of PET fibers on the mechnical properties of normal concrete.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.2 FAILURE MODE\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 7 illustrated the failure mode of all beams. Existence of PET fibers improved the failure mode, the number and width of cracks decreased with the increasing PET fibers content, the waste plastic fibers in concrete works like a crack arrester and connect the opposite sides of crack during the propagation of the crack. In addition, the PET fibers prevented the collapse of the concrete after the failure as shown in figure 8.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.3 MOMENT-CURVATURE\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe moment curvature for all beams are shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, it\u0026rsquo;s very important relationship to find the ductility of the structure. For all beams the rotation Ɵ decreased with higher fiber content, while the ultimate rotation Ɵ for beams with CFRP strips width 12mm and 18mm increased at fiber percentage 1.5% about 26.35% and 28.9%. The explanation for this behavior is that the fiber work on restricting concrete and bridging the cracks, thus lead to reduce the rotation at the same moment, while the increasing of ultimate rotation at the beams (BC-1.5%-6mm, BA-1.5%-18mm) due to increase the ultimate load of the of beams because the fiber will be carrying a small portion of the tensile stresses in the concrete at the same strips. For beams with different strips, the rotation of the beams with CFRP strips was larger because the elastic modulus of the CFRP fiber with sikadur330 less than the elastic modulus of steel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e3.4 LOAD-DEFLECTION RESPONCE\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe load deflection relationship for all beams illustrated in Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e. The first group of beams with steel stirrups had reduced stiffness, ultimate strength, as well as ultimate deflection. For the other three groups with CFRP strips at different width 6, 12, 18 mm, the stiffness increased by 7.6%, 14.7%, 17% at the fibers percentages 1.5%, 1%, 1.5% for each strip width with mentioned fiber content. The variation of the curve for the beams with the same fiber percentage between the steel and CFRP strips was lowest at the fiber percentage equal 1.5%. The attribution of this behavior is the same as previous interpretation of moment curvature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. CONCLUSIONS","content":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe sudden shear weakness of the beam was expressed in the influence of waste plastic and CFRP strips (as internal stirrups-secondary reinforcements-) on the shear behaviors of beams after creation of the diagonal shear break at various load values.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe addition of waste plastic to the concrete increased the area under the moment-Ɵ curvature, this means increases the ductility of the reinforced concrete beam.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe waste plastic improved the ultimate load in beams which reinforced with CFRP strips that immerged by sikadur-330. The increase of the ultimate load with increasing CFRP width was not proportional, such as the same fiber percentage 1% for four beams with different CFRP strips width 6mm, 12mm, and 18mm the increase in the ultimate load were 15.5% and 5.14%, respectively.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe findings of this paper contributed in potential studies in this field, with the impact of concrete strength and beam size being taken into account, in developing a formula for rational measurement of shear strength given by CFRP internally reinforced strips with and without waste plastic fiber.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is declared that there is no conflict of interest in this research work.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003eDeclarations\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is no ethical concern in this research work.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAli H. Allawi, MSc Candidate Civil Engineering Department, University of Anbar, Iraq\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA. I. Al-Hadithi and M. A. Abbas, \"The Effects of adding Waste Plastic Fibers on the Mechanical Properties and Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams,\" Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 110\u0026ndash;124, 2018.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA. Kılı\u0026ccedil;, C. D. Atiş, E. Yaşar, and F. \u0026Ouml;zcan, \"High-strength lightweight concrete made with scoria aggregate containing mineral admixtures,\" Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1595\u0026ndash;1599, 2003.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eD. Foti, \"Use of recycled waste pet bottles fibers for the reinforcement of concrete,\" Composite Structures, vol. 96, pp. 396\u0026ndash;404, 2013.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eN. Saikia, J. J. C. De Brito, and B. Materials, \"Use of plastic waste as aggregate in cement mortar and concrete preparation: A review,\" vol. 34, pp. 385\u0026ndash;401, 2012.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eL. Amaireh, R. Z. Al-Rousan, A. N. Ababneh, and M. Alhassan, \"Integration of CFRP strips as an internal shear reinforcement in reinforced concrete beams,\" in \u003cem\u003eStructures\u003c/em\u003e, 2020, vol. 23, pp. 13\u0026ndash;19: Elsevier.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eK. Hannawi, S. Kamali-Bernard, and W. J. W. m. Prince, \"Physical and mechanical properties of mortars containing PET and PC waste aggregates,\" vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 2312\u0026ndash;2320, 2010.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eS. Chowdhury, A. T. Maniar, and O. J. I. J. C. E. B. S. Suganya, \"Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste as building solution,\" vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 308\u0026ndash;312, 2013.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eR. Kandasamy and R. Murugesan, \"Fibre reinforced concrete using domestic waste plastics as fibres,\" ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 75\u0026ndash;82, 2011.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eM. Prahallada and K. Parkash, \"Effect of different aspect ratio of waste plastic fibers on the properties of fiber reinforced concrete e an experimental investigation,\" International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 1\u0026ndash;13, 2013.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eK. Ramadevi and R. Manju, \"Experimental investigation on the properties of concrete with plastic PET (bottle) fibres as fine aggregates,\" International journal of emerging technology and advanced engineering, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 42\u0026ndash;46, 2012.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eM. G. V. Dhanani and M. P. D. Bhimani, \"Effect of Use Plastic Aggregates as partial replacement of natural aggregates in concrete with plastic fibres,\" Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol, vol. 3, pp. 2569\u0026ndash;2573, 2016.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA. M. H. Mansour and S. A. J. E. f. s. d. Ali, \"Reusing waste plastic bottles as an alternative sustainable building material,\" vol. 24, pp. 79\u0026ndash;85, 2015.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH. Minh and H. Mutsuyoshi, \"Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using epoxy bonded steel plates, CFRP sheets and externally anchored stirrups,\" Vietnam Journal of Mechanics, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 299\u0026ndash;306, 2008.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eM. Sivaraja and S. Kandasamy, \"Characterisation of natural fibres as concrete composites for structural applications,\" International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, vol. 36, no. 1\u0026ndash;4, pp. 385\u0026ndash;395, 2009.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eS. R. Armoosh, A.R. Khalim, A.S. Mahmood, \"Shear response of lean duplex stainless steel plate girders\", Structural Engineering and Mechanics. vol. 54, no. 6, pp.1267\u0026ndash;1281,2015.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA. Masmoudi, M. B. Ouezdou, and M. Haddar, \"Mode of failure for reinforced concrete beams with GFRP bars,\" Journal of theoretical and applied mechanics, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1137\u0026ndash;1146, 2016.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eS. A. Jabbar and S. B. Farid, \"Replacement of steel rebars by GFRP rebars in the concrete structures,\" Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 216\u0026ndash;227, 2018.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eM. G. Alkubaisi, A. I. Alhadithy, and A. S. Mahmoud, \"Flexural behavior of beams reinforced by GFRP bars with CFRP sheets immersed in epoxy as shear,\" Iraqi Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1\u0026ndash;8, 2019.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC. Mancuso and F. M. J. A. S. J. Bartlett, \"ACI 318\u0026thinsp;\u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;14 Criteria for Computing Instantaneous Deflections,\" vol. 114, no. 5, 2017.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJ.R. Jambeck, R. Geyer, C. Wilcox, T.R. Siegler, M.Perryman, A. Andrady, R. Narayan, and K.L. Law, \"Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean\", Science, Vol. 347, no. 6223, pp.768\u0026ndash;771, 2015.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA. Carolin, \"Carbon fibre reinforced polymers for strengthening of structural elements,\" PhD thesis, Lule\u0026aring; Uninersity of Technology, Sweden, 2003.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH. Brothers, \"Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Rebar\u0026mdash;Aslan 100 Series FIBERGLASS REBAR,\" ed: Hughes Brothers, Seward, Neb, USA, 2011.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eM. Hamrat \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, \"Experimental and numerical investigation on the deflection behavior of pre-cracked and repaired reinforced concrete beams with fiber-reinforced polymer,\" Construction and Building Materials, vol. 249, p. 118745, 2020.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA. Committee, \"Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318\u0026thinsp;\u0026ndash;\u0026thinsp;19) and commentary,\" in \u003cem\u003eAmerican Concrete Institute\u003c/em\u003e, 2019.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA. Bhogayata, N. Arora, and A. J. I. J. R. E. T. Nakum, \"Strength characteristics of concrete containing post consumer metalized plastic waste,\" vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 430\u0026ndash;434, 2015.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eR. Nibudey, P. Nagarnaik, D. Parbat, A. J. I. j. o. e. r. Pande, and applications, \"Strengths prediction of plastic fiber reinforced concrete (M30),\" vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1818\u0026ndash;1825, 2013.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eV. Malagavelli, N. R. J. I. J. o. E. S. Patura, and Engineering, \"Strength characteristics of concrete using solid waste an experimental investigation,\" vol. 4, no. 6, 2011.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH. J. Araghi, I. Nikbin, S. R. Reskati, E. Rahmani, H. J. C. Allahyari, and B. Materials, \"An experimental investigation on the erosion resistance of concrete containing various PET particles percentages against sulfuric acid attack,\" vol. 77, pp. 461\u0026ndash;471, 2015.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956986/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956986/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of the waste plastic and the fibre-reinforced polymer on the shear behaviour of the rectangular reinforced concrete beams. The experimental program was aimed to study the ductility of the beam that replaced the steel stirrups with the laminate of carbon fibre reinforced polymer as a transverse while the glass fibre reinforced polymer GFRP as longitudinal reinforced and add the waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate PET with different percentage 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The parameters of this investigated include the percentage of waste plastic polyethylene terephthalate PET and the percentage of CFRP that replaced with steel which equals 50%, 100%, and 150% from the steel strips. All beams cast with the dimensions 150mm width, 200mm height, and 1400mm length to test under two-point load. The results of this paper showed that the clear effect of the polyethylene terephthalate PET on the shear behaviour of beams which enhanced the ductility, ultimate deflection, ultimate load, and stiffness. Besides to the results above the fibre reinforced concrete beam considered more safety against the corrosion because the fibre had a good corrosion resistance and also reduced the pollution in environmental due to the large amount of waste plastic bottles that produce each year","manuscriptTitle":"Shear Behaviour of Waste Plastic Fibrous Concrete Beams Reinforced by New Configuration Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bars","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-02-16 16:40:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3956986/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"28326384-274e-41fe-a913-1ea1041f4bf8","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 16th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-08T17:30:50+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-02-16 16:40:27","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3956986","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3956986","identity":"rs-3956986","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}