Ribavirin’s Daily Dose Growth Determined as the Result of Medicament Testing May Be a Predictor of the Chronic Course of the Disease in Long COVID Syndrome Patients

Ribavirin’s Daily Dose Growth Determined as the Result of Medicament Testing May Be a Predictor of the Chronic Course of the Disease in Long COVID Syndrome Patients | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Method Article Ribavirin’s Daily Dose Growth Determined as the Result of Medicament Testing May Be a Predictor of the Chronic Course of the Disease in Long COVID Syndrome Patients Naylya Djumaeva, Leyla Djumaeva, Gulnara Akhunjanova, Dilbar Urunova This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4112790/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction Long COVID syndrome, a multisystemic condition resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, affects at least 65 million people worldwide. The disease pathogenesis is unclear, and many different assumptions still exist. This study aimed to explore the use of medicament testing to determine the optimal daily dose of ribavirin through the use of electroacupuncture via the Voll (EAV) diagnostic system for acupuncture points. Materials and methods One hundred one patients (aged 16 to 50) with long COVID syndrome were recruited from the Research Institute of Virology and were eligible according to the inclusion criteria. Patients were randomized to the experimental or the placebo groups. The patients were further examined with EAV diagnostics based on the level of electrodermal activity at the acupuncture points, followed by medicament testing with ribavirin (tablets) to determine the daily doses of the drug. Fifty-two participants were randomized to the experimental group and fourty nine to the placebo group and were considered for data analyses. Results The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of using EAV to identify meridians with decreased levels of electrodermal activity at acupuncture points, followed by medicament testing with ribavirin to restore the decreased electrodermal conductivity at the studied acupuncture points and to measure the daily dose of the drug. Conclusions The measured daily doses of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome may indirectly serve as a prognostic marker of the course of the disease. However, further clinical and instrumental studies are needed to evaluate the clinical application of medicament testing in assessing long-term COVID syndrome. Virology Long COVID syndrome Pathophysiology Medicament testing Acupuncture point Measurement point Ribavirin Daily doses Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 1. INTRODUCTION The electrical properties of acupuncture points (APs) have drawn attention because of their ability to be used for diagnostic purposes [ 1 ]. Based on the electrical properties of APs, various diagnostic devices for measuring electrodermal impedance (EI) in APs have been developed, among which electroacupuncture, according to Voll (EAV), deserves the most attention. [ 2 ]. The design features of the EAV device allow for medicament testing (MT), a method of testing different drugs based on the measurement of altered characteristics of the EI of AP with the subsequent selection of drugs capable of restoring the electrodermal activity in the measured AP, as well as determining the doses of the selected drugs [ 3 ]. Our earlier study on the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia with ribavirin dose testing revealed a significant difference in the tested doses of the drug in patients with different disease severities [ 4 ]. Table 1 demonstrates the relationship between the severity of the disease in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia and the tested daily doses of ribavirin. Table 1 Relationships between the severity of disease in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia and the tested daily doses of ribavirin. Index Mild severity of disease (Ribavirin-200 mg) Moderate severity of disease (Ribavirin-200 mg) Median 250 1600 quartile1 137,5 1500 quartile3 500 1800 Me (Q1; Q3) 250 (137,5;500) 1600 (1500;1800) The data presented in the table demonstrate that the tested dose of ribavirin in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia depends directly on the severity of the pathological process: the more severe the patient’s condition is, the greater the tested daily dose of the drug. We also showed a connection between the tested dose of sofosbuvir and the viral load in the blood of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection [ 5 ]. The pathophysiology of long COVID syndrome is still enigmatic, and numerous studies have not yet provided a definitive answer to these questions. The following hypotheses have been proposed about the possible mechanism underlying the development of this condition: cellular changes caused by the virus and related to its neurotropism may contribute to the pathogenesis of long COVID-19 with neurological manifestations[ 6 ]; it has been assumed that dysregulation of the immune response in response to primary infection or occult viral persistence may provoke deleterious disorders, including autoimmune manifestations, activation of coagulation and fibrosis pathways, or metabolic disorders[ 7 ]; and a hypothesis of persistent and occult viral presence has been proposed based on the detection of viral particles in several organs after acute infection[ 8 ]. We have tried to look at this issue in a different way and offer our own approach in an attempt to provide an explanation of this issue. 2. NATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Aim, design and study settings This blind randomized placebo-controlled trial aimed to investigate the potential of EAV diagnosis to define the APs of meridians with changed electrodermal impedance and to select daily doses of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome. The selection of participants for the study was carried out on the basis of the Outpatient Department of the Research Institute of Virology, from which patients with suspected long COVID syndrome were recruited. The diagnosis of long COVID syndrome was based on the patient's complaints and medical history of the disease (confirmation of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection). Further examination of the selected patients via the EAV and subsequent MT was carried out at the “Avicenna” Medical Centre from October 2020 to December 2023, during which the patients were divided into two groups using a simple random sampling method. The inclusion criteria for patients were as follows: were of either sex and aged 16 to 50 years; had a diagnosis of COVID-19 based on the definition of long COVID-19 [ 6 ]; and were willing to sign a written informed consent form. Patients who tested positive for HCV Ab were excluded from the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Ministry of Health of R. Uzbekistan (№ 6/8-1550 from 27/11/2020). All enrolled patients signed a written informed consent form for the study. 2.2 Characteristics of the participants At the baseline visit, 204 patients were examined. Of these patients, 164 (80.4%) patients (median age 35.4 years; 53% female) were diagnosed with long COVID syndrome based on their complaints, medical history of the disease and results of patient examinations. Patient examination, complaint registration, and medical history were conducted before MT with the physician's participation in the general clinical setting of the medical center. In this group of patients, the experimental group comprised 96 (58.5%), and the placebo group comprised 68 (41.5%). Patients were followed for three years (2020–2023), with each subsequent patient examination to review the daily ribavirin doses ranging from 10–12 months. In the experimental group, 44 patients and 19 in the placebo group dropped out of the study by the end of the observation for various reasons: leaving the country, refusal to participate for personal reasons, lack of time and other circumstances, which led to a reduction in the number of patients in the experimental and placebo groups. The final numbers of patients were 52 (51.5%) and 49 (48.5%). Among these patients, 42.5% were vaccinated against COVID-19—51.9% in the experimental group and 37.2% in the placebo group. 2.3 Description of the intervention In this blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 1.06:1 ratio of patients (experimental and placebo groups) who were further examined by EAV diagnosis, followed by MT by two experts with 33 and 22 years of experience in EAV diagnosis and MT, respectively. MT was performed with an apparatus for EAV diagnosis called “Vistron” (Kindling, GmbH Medizintechnik)[ 9 ]. The EAV readings of the tested APs were collected and analyzed before and after MT. The EAV diagnosis was performed according to the manufacturer's standard, including information on conditions related to external factors, the patient and the physician using the EAV diagnostic equipment [ 10 ]. 2.3.1 Medicament testing The essential components of an EAV device include the basic apparatus with a diagnostic stylus, a metallic hand electrode (for the patient), a honeycomb (for MT) and a computer connected to the EAV device. According to the recommendations accepted in EAV diagnosis, the so-called energy balance in the investigated AP is registered when, during the measurement process, on the scale of the device display, the indices corresponding to 50–70 units of the device display scale are set. An imbalance score less than 50 or greater than 70 indicated hypoergic (energy deficit) or hyperergic (energy excess) responses, respectively. A prerequisite for MT is a changed (an increased, meaning an energy excess or a decreased, meaning an energy deficit) level of electrodermal activity at the acupuncture points of the studied meridians. The AP response to the drug being tested during MT was assessed by the reaction of altered electrodermal activity (EA) at the acupuncture point to the placement of the drug in the honeycomb, manifested by a change in the readings of the EAV diagnostic device. It is assumed that if the readings of the EAV device shift in one or another direction when the medication is placed into the honeycomb, the tested drug will have a particular effect on the acupuncture point under study. A positive response to the tested drug is manifested by the normalization of the EI at the AP under the influence of the tested drug [ 10 ]. The arbitrary measurement value (AMV) was used to analyze the MT results. The AMV is calculated by subtracting the resulting EAV reading (E) and the lower level of the energy balance indicator (50) and is equal to E minus 50. If the EAV readings are recorded below 50 units on the scale of the device display, the AMV will have negative meanings. It is recommended only for statistical analysis and data comparison [ 11 ]. To determine the daily dose of medication, the drug was administered via the honeycomb of the EAV device at the recommended daily dose according to the instructions. The EI at the AP was measured before and after placement of the drug into the honeycomb. In the presence of a negative reaction to the tested dose of the drug, which manifests itself as a further decrease in the indicator of the EAV device, an additional tablet is added to the honeycomb one by one, and each time the EI is measured at the studied AP. The number of tablets at which a positive response was observed was calculated by normalizing the absolute value of the EAV device readings when the EI was measured at the AP; this number was defined as the tested daily dose of the drug [ 5 ]. The drug selection and dosage selection processes are closely related, as only by correctly measuring the dosage of a medicine during the MT process can it be concluded that the decision about the selected drug is correct. Based on our previous experience examining patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia and the preliminary data we received on the diagnosis of long COVID-19, we decided to use ribavirin (copegus, Hoffmann-La Roche, 200 mg, tablets) in the experimental group of patients. We used glucose tablets as a placebo. 2.4 Statistical analysis Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 program. The Wilcoxon test was used for dependent variables, and the Mann–Whitney test was used for independent variables to determine statistically significant differences in quantitative data. Intergroup differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Correlations were calculated using the nonparametric Spearman criterion. The significance coefficient was considered significant at r < 0.05. 3. RESULTS To measure the level of EI at the acupuncture points (AP), we selected the following acupuncture points (measurement points (MP), Voll): Ne-3, Kr-8b, 3E-1b*, He-8c*, Pa/Mi-1a*(S), Pa/Mi-1a*(D), Le-1a*, Ge-1b*, Hau-1-3*, Ni-1-3b*, Bl-66*, and Pa/Mi-11[ 3 , 16 ]. At all specified MPs, the readings of the EAV device were recorded below the standard indications of the device [ 3 ]. These results were interpreted as hypoergic reactions, and a decrease in the indicator of varying severity was observed; these results were evaluated according to the accepted “Interpretation of the results of the indicator drop” [ 5 ]. Next, medication testing was conducted to determine the daily ribavirin dose using the abovementioned technique. Table 2 presents the data from the medicament testing of daily doses of ribavirin (200 mg) over the observation period from 2020 to 2023. Table 2 Results of medicament testing of daily doses of ribavirin (200 mg) in patients of reproductive age from 2020 to 2023 Meridians 2020–2021 Ribavirin 200 mg 2022 Ribavirin 200 mg 2023 Ribavirin 200 mg Ne-3 232,8 ± 111,9 398,4 ± 179,4^^^ 607,8 ± 282,9^^^## Kr-8b 345,1 ± 165,8 543,9 ± 161,3^^^ 602,4 ± 268,8^^^ 3E-1b* 231,5 ± 100,1 272,2 ± 97,4 326,8 ± 135^^ He-8c* 165 ± 81,8 265 ± 66,9^ 285 ± 120,3^ Le-1a* 211,1 ± 48,6 344,4 ± 52,7^^ 538,9 ± 134,1^^## Pa/Mi(S)-1a* 167,4 ± 70,1 234,8 ± 83,2^ 350 ± 107,7^^^### Pa/Mi(D)-1a* 305,9 ± 167,6 305,6 ± 174,8 382,4 ± 136,9^# Ge-1b* 155 ± 43,8 250 ± 110,6^ 195 ± 28,4# Hau-1-3* 175 ± 52,4 158,3 ± 80,1 158,3 ± 58,5 Ni-1-3b* 245 ± 64,3 240 ± 65,8 160 ± 45,9^^## Bl-66* 250 ± 40,8 192,9 ± 34,5^^ 178,6 ± 39,3^^ Pa/Mi-11 273,1 ± 90,4 219,2 ± 59,6^ 380,8 ± 143,7^^## Note: ^-P < 0.05, ^^-P < 0.01, ^^-P < 0.001 – statistically significant difference compared to the corresponding indicators for 2021. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001 indicate statistical significance for the corresponding indicators for 2022 ribavirin doses given in milligrams of the drug. The abbreviations for the meridians used were as follows: Ne-Nervous Degeneration, Kr-Circulation, 3E-Endocrine System, He-Heart, Le-Liver, Pa/Mi-Pancreas (D)/Lien (S), Ge-Joints, Hau-Skin, Ni-Kidney, and Bl-Bladder (German Classification, Voll). Figure 1 shows the graphical design of the data in Table 2 . The presented data demonstrated that there were fluctuations in the tested daily doses of ribavirin on different meridians. Notably, the highest tested daily doses of ribavirin by the end of the observation period were recorded on the Ne, Kr and Le meridians and constituted 607,8 mg, 602,4 mg and 538,9 mg of ribavirin, respectively. Table 3 shows the results of the EAV measurements in the experimental group of patients over the observation period. The arbitrary measurement value (AMV) was used to analyze the MT results. Table 3 Data of the EAV reading results in the experimental group of patients Meridians EAV readings 2020–2021 AMV 2022 AMV 2023 AMV Ne-3 Pre- test -2,93 ± 0,94 -4,01 ± 1,64^^^ -5,22 ± 3,77^^^# Post -test 6,02 ± 0,19 6,01 ± 0,23^^^ 7,8 ± 9,89 Kr-8b Pre- test -3,63 ± 1,95 -5,46 ± 2,6^^^ -5,8 ± 3,55^^^ Post -test 6,02 ± 0,24 6 ± 0,25^^^ 6,03 ± 0,23^### 3E-1b* Pre- test -2,82 ± 1 -3,11 ± 1,21^^^ -3,73 ± 1,54^ Post -test 5,93 ± 0,1 5,89 ± 0,13^^ 5,71 ± 1,13^ He-8c* Pre- test -2,49 ± 0,61 -3,17 ± 0,86^^ -3,32 ± 1,02^ Post- test 5,96 ± 0,07 5,92 ± 0,13^^ 5,9 ± 0,13^^## Le-1a* Pre -test -2,34 ± 0,74 -3,77 ± 0,9^^ -6,03 ± 1,48^^## Post- test 5,97 ± 0,28 5,9 ± 0,27^^ 5,9 ± 0,3 Pa/Mi(S)-1a* Pre- test -2,46 ± 0,61 -2,52 ± 0,7^^^ -3,55 ± 2,23^^^### Post -test 5,99 ± 0,21 6 ± 0,21^^^ 6,06 ± 0,24 Pa/Mi(D)-1a* Pre- test -3,66 ± 1,78 -3,62 ± 1,71^^^ -4,39 ± 1,67^# Post- test 5,99 ± 0,2 5,98 ± 0,22^^ 5,98 ± 0,23^ Ge-1b* Pre- test -2,57 ± 0,51 -3,38 ± 1,05^^ -2,66 ± 0,36 Post- test 5,86 ± 0,19 5,95 ± 0,21^ 6,01 ± 0,12 Hau-1-3* Pre- test -1,68 ± 2,22 -2,65 ± 0,38^ -2,9 ± 0,45^ Post- test 6,13 ± 0,3 6 ± 0,13^ 6,03 ± 0,32^ Ni-1-3b* Pre- test -2,92 ± 0,69 -3,04 ± 1,37^^ -2,29 ± 0,4^ Post -test 6,06 ± 0,25 5,82 ± 0,31^^ 6,04 ± 0,36 Bl-66* Pre- test -3,49 ± 1,18 -2,87 ± 0,31^^ -2,99 ± 0,56 Post- test 5,86 ± 0,14 5,86 ± 0,14^^ 5,89 ± 0,19 Pa/Mi-11 Pre- test -2,25 ± 2,56 -2,99 ± 0,94^^^ -4,01 ± 1,4^^### Post- test 5,89 ± 0,13 5,91 ± 0,15^^^ 5,95 ± 0,16 Note: ^-P < 0.05, ^^-P < 0.01, ^^-P < 0.001 – statistically significant difference in relation to the corresponding indicators for 2021. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001 indicate statistical significance in relation to the corresponding indicators for 2022. EAV pretesting readings of meridians are plotted with means and standard errors. The abbreviations for meridians are Ne-Nervous Degeneration, Kr-Circulation, 3E-Endocrine System, He-Heart, Le-Liver, Pa/Mi-Pancreas (D)/Lien (S), Ge-Joints, Hau-Skin, Ni-Kidney, and Bl-Bladder (German Classification, Voll). A comparison of the data in these tables (Table 2 and Table 4 ) demonstrated the relationship between the EAV reading results and the tested daily doses of ribavirin. Thus, in 2023, the most pronounced decreases in electrodermal activity were observed in the studied MF meridians Ne, Kr and Le, which were − 5.22 (Ne-3), -5.8 (Kr-8b) and 6.03 (Le-1a*), respectively, and the tested doses of ribavirin on the same meridians were 607.8 mg (Ne-3), 602.4 mg (Kr-8b) and 538.3 mg (Le-1a*), respectively. Table 4 shows the results of the EAV measurements in the compared groups of patients during the observation period. AMV was used to analyze the MT results. Table 4 Data from the EAV reading results in the experimental and placebo groups of patients Meridians EAV readings Placebo group 2020–2021 AMV 2022 AMV 2023 AMV Ne-3 Pre- test -3,87 ± 1,92 -2,93 ± 0,94* -4,01 ± 1,64 -5,22 ± 3,77** Post- test -3,65 ± 1,82 6,02 ± 0,19*** 6,01 ± 0,23*** 7,8 ± 9,89*** Kr-8b Pre- test -4,85 ± 2,42 -3,63 ± 1,95* -5,46 ± 2,6* -5,8 ± 3,55* Post- test -4,42 ± 2,74 6,02 ± 0,24*** 6 ± 0,25*** 6,03 ± 0,23*** 3E-1b* Pre- test -3,38 ± 1,52 -2,82 ± 1 -3,11 ± 1,21 -3,73 ± 1,54 Post- test -3,33 ± 1,37 5,93 ± 0,1*** 5,89 ± 0,13*** 5,71 ± 1,13*** He-8c* Pre- test -4,02 ± 0,86 -2,49 ± 0,61** -3,17 ± 0,86* -3,32 ± 1,02 Post- test -3,13 ± 1,64 5,96 ± 0,07*** 5,92 ± 0,13*** 5,9 ± 0,13*** Le-1a* Pre- test -3,91 ± 1,83 -2,34 ± 0,74* -3,77 ± 0,9 -6,03 ± 1,48** post -test -3,55 ± 1,99 5,97 ± 0,28*** 5,9 ± 0,27*** 5,9 ± 0,3*** Pa/Mi(S)- 1a* Pre- test -2,77 ± 0,97 -2,46 ± 0,61 -2,52 ± 0,7 -3,55 ± 2,23*** Post- test -2,6 ± 2,91 5,99 ± 0,21*** 6 ± 0,21*** 6,06 ± 0,24*** Pa/Mi(D)-1a* Pre- test -2,62 ± 0,77 -3,66 ± 1,78 -3,62 ± 1,71* -4,39 ± 1,67** Post- test -3,4 ± 0,78 5,99 ± 0,2*** 5,98 ± 0,22*** 5,98 ± 0,23*** Ge-1b* Pre- test -2,97 ± 0,82 -2,57 ± 0,51 -3,38 ± 1,05 -2,66 ± 0,36 post -test -3,01 ± 0,72 5,86 ± 0,19*** 5,95 ± 0,21*** 6,01 ± 0,12*** Hau-1-3* Pre- test -4,2 ± 3,17 -1,68 ± 2,22 -2,65 ± 0,38 -2,9 ± 0,45 Post -test -4,26 ± 2,92 6,13 ± 0,3*** 6 ± 0,13*** 6,03 ± 0,32*** Ni-1-3b* Pre- test -2,99 ± 0,86 -2,92 ± 0,69 -3,04 ± 1,37 -2,29 ± 0,4* Post- test -3,12 ± 0,59 6,06 ± 0,25*** 5,82 ± 0,31*** 6,04 ± 0,36*** Bl-66* Pre -test -2,83 ± 0,79 -3,49 ± 1,18 -2,87 ± 0,31 -2,99 ± 0,56 Post- test -3,19 ± 0,7 5,86 ± 0,14*** 5,86 ± 0,14*** 5,89 ± 0,19*** Pa/Mi-11 Pre- test -2,65 ± 0,65 -2,25 ± 2,56 -2,99 ± 0,94 -4,01 ± 1,4** Post- test -2,84 ± 0,58 5,89 ± 0,13*** 5,91 ± 0,15*** 5,95 ± 0,16*** Note: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 indicate statistical significance in relation to the corresponding indicators of the control group. EAV pretesting readings of meridians are plotted with means and standard errors. The abbreviations for meridians are Ne-Nervous Degeneration, Kr-Circulation, 3E-Endocrine system, He-Heart, Le- Liver, Pa/Mi-Pancreas (D)/Lien (S), Ge-Joints, Hau-Skin, Ni-Kidney, and Bl-Bladder (German Classification, Voll). The presented data demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the compared groups of patients according to the EAV pretest and posttest results, which was especially evident at the end of the observation period. To identify and assess the closeness of the relationship between two series of comparable quantitative indicators during the observation period—the results of the EAV pretest readings and ribavirin doses—we used the Spearman coefficient (Table 5 ). The Spearman coefficient was calculated for two meridians, Ne and Kr. Table 5 Estimates of the closeness of the relationship (Spearman coefficient) between EAV pretest results and the tested doses of ribavirin for the observation period from 2020–2021 to 2023 Pair of Variables n Spearman Coefficient-ρ t(N-2) p value Ne_Ribavirin2021 & Ne_pre- test 2020–2021 32 -0,766522 -6,5374 0,000000 Ne_Ribavirin2021 & Ne_post- test 2020–2021 32 0,512815 3,2718 0,002690 Kr_Ribavirin2021 & Kr_pre-test 2020–2021 41 -0,821824 -9,0081 0,000000 Kr_Ribavirin2021 & Kr_post-test 2020–2021 41 0,153447 0,9698 0,338142 Ne_Ribavirin2022 & Ne_pre-test2022 32 -0,918862 -12,7549 0,000000 Ne_Ribavirin2022 & Ne_post-test2022 32 -0,012466 -0,0683 0,946013 Kr_Ribavirin2022 & Kr_pre-test2022 41 -0,828853 -9,2520 0,000000 Kr_Ribavirin2022 & Kr_post-test2022 41 0,061494 0,3848 0,702507 Ne_Ribavirin2023 & Ne_pre-test2023 32 -0,846807 -8,7200 0,000000 Ne_Ribavirin2023 & Ne_post-test2023 32 -0,167155 -0,9286 0,360504 Kr_Ribavirin2023 & Kr_pre-test2023 41 -0,826824 -9,1802 0,000000 Kr_Ribavirin2023 & Kr_post-test2023 41 -0,090787 -0,5693 0,572406 We found a significant correlation between the EAV prereading results and the tested daily ribavirin doses at the three-year follow-up in both meridians (p < 0.001). Spearman's correlation coefficients were as follows: ρ = -0.766, ρ = -0.918 and ρ = -0.846 for the Ne meridian in the 2020–2021, 2022 and 2023 periods, respectively (p < 0,001). Spearman’s correlation coefficients were as follows: ρ = -0.821, ρ = -0.828 and ρ = -0.866 for the Kr meridian in the 2020–2021, 2022 and 2023 periods, respectively (p < 0,001). We also compared the changes in the EAV pretest results and the tested daily ribavirin doses during observation. These tables' data convincingly demonstrate an inverse relationship between the tested daily doses of ribavirin and the EAV results readings: the higher the tested dose of ribavirin is, the more pronounced the magnitude of the indicator drop in the EAV diagnostic apparatus. The data we obtained indicate a possible connection between the tested doses of the drug and the magnitude of the decrease in the activity of the EAV device associated with this process. However, this statement requires further study. 4. DISCISSION The first piece of information on the need to dose medicines was mentioned in the works of the medieval scholars Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) and Paracelsus. A very peculiar comment on this subject was expressed by Cipolle: “Drugs do not have doses; people have doses” [ 12 ]. There is a constant search for more advanced methods for detecting drugs in the human body [ 13 ]. For the first time, we proposed a noninvasive medicament testing method for the individual selection of daily doses of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome. This allowed us to apply the obtained data to predict the course of the disease. Currently, long COVID-19 is defined as a condition after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection for more than 12 weeks, persisting for at least 2 months, when the severity of the acute infection is not important, or when the patient has unresolved COVID-19 illness with symptoms not associated with any other condition [ 14 ]. To date, data have been accumulated from various studies regarding the nature of the disease, clinical manifestations of long COVID-19 and other conditions [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Notably, a large number of studies indicate damage to the nervous system in patients with long COVID syndrome. According to our data, almost 50% of complaints from patients with long COVID-19 are related to damage to the nervous system [ 10 ]. The results of this study also showed a marked decrease in electrodermal activity in the neural degeneration meridian that was accompanied by a high dose of ribavirin. Serum SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels have been shown to be generally associated with clinical progression of COVID-19, including mortality [ 19 ]. Based on our previously obtained data on the relationship between tested doses of sofosbuvir and blood viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, we suggest that long COVID syndrome tends to persist in various tissues of the human body, causing multiple complaints. This statement requires careful proof in a larger sample of patients. Ribavirin exhibits antiviral activity against a broad range of both DNA and RNA viruses in vitro and is widely used to treat viral infections, where the virus genome is represented by one- or double-stranded RNA, and the mechanism of action includes direct inhibition of viral polymerase [ 22 ]. Recent studies of the activity of a number of antiviral drugs against Omicron have shown that ribavirin retains its activity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as do drugs such as IDD-1931, PF-07321332, remdesivir, favipravir, nafamostat, camostat, and aprotinin [ 23 ]. This report describes a noninvasive method for selecting daily doses of ribavirin exclusively for diagnostic purposes in patients with long COVID-19. Electrodermal impedance measurements have been used to assess various conditions, including cystic fibrosis and chronic pelvic pain, to assess a person's emotional state [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Changes in the electrodermal activity of APs and respiratory conditions and in the electrodermal activity of APs at different meridians have been shown to be correlated with running exercise in patients diagnosed with EAV [ 11 , 27 ]. In this report, we describe for the first time the results of medicament testing for determining the daily doses of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome. 5. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of using EAV to identify meridians with decreased electrodermal impedance at acupuncture points, followed by medicament testing with ribavirin to restore decreased electrodermal activity at the studied acupuncture points and to measure the daily dose of the drug. The measured daily dose of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome may indirectly serve as a prognostic marker of the course of the disease. However, further clinical and instrumental studies are needed to assess the clinical application of medicament testing in the evaluation of long COVID syndrome. Declarations Availability of data and materials Study data available upon reasonable request Competing interests The author(s) declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies, either public or commercial Authors’ contributions Study Design and Conceptualization: ND, GA, LD. Methodology and Investigation: ND, GA, LD. Statistical analysis: DU. Original draft preparation: ND. Approving final version: all of the coauthors. Acknowledgments N/A References Colbert AP, Yun J, Larsen A, Edinger T, et al. Skin impedance measurements for acupuncture research: development of a continuous recording system. Evid Bas Complement Altern Med.2008; (4): 443-50.https://doi.org/ 10.1093/ecam/nem060 Leonhardt H. Fundamentals of Electroacupuncture According to Voll. Uelzen, Germany, Medizinisch Literarische Verlagsgesell schaft.1980 Voll R. The phenomenon of medicine testing in electroacupuncture according to Voll. Am J Acupunct.1980; 8: 97-104. Djumaeva N. New approaches to diagnosis and therapy for Covid-19.Inter J Sci Engineer Res.2020; 9:1–8. https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2020.09.04 Djumaeva N, Achundjanova G, Djumaeva L, et al. Medicament testing on acupuncture points as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for determining the daily doses of sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Futur J Pharm Sci. 2023;9, 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-023-00514-z Davis H, McCorkell, Vogel J, Topel E. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nature Reviews Microbiology.2023;11:133–146. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2 Wallukat G, Hohberger B, Wenzel K, et al. Functional autoantibodies against G-protein coupled receptors in patients with persistent Long-COVID-19 symptoms. J Transl Autoimmun. 2021; 4:100100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100100 Swank Z, Senussi Y, Manickas-Hill Z, et al.Persistent circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike is associated with postacute coronavirus disease 2019 Sequelae. Clin Infect Dis.2023;76(3): e487-e490. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac722 https://www.kindling.de/produkte/elektroakupunktur / Djumaeva N, Akhundjanova G, Djumaeva L, et al. Medicament testing in the diagnosis of long COVID syndrome. OBM Integrat&Complement Med.2024; 9(1): 010; https://doi.org/:10.21926/obm.icm.2401010 Hong H. Electrodermal measurement of acupuncture points may be a diagnostic tool for respiratory conditions: a retrospective chart review. Med Acupunct.2016; 28(3):137-147. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2016.1177 Cipolle R. “Drugs do not have doses; people have doses”. Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. Editorials. 1986; 20:881-882 Maxfield K, Milligan L, Wang L, et al.Proceedings of a Workshop: Precision Dosing: Defining the Need and Approaches to Deliver Individualized Drug Dosing in the Real-World Setting. Clin Pharmacol Ther.2021;109(1):25-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1933 WHO. A clinical CAS definition of post COVID condition by a Delphy consensus. World health Organization (WHO). A clinical CAS definition of post COVID condition by a Delphy consensus.2021;Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1 Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Henry BM. COVID-19 and its long-term sequelae: what do we know in 2023? Pol Arch Intern Med. 2023;133(4):16402. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.16402 Domingo E. Interaction of Virus Populations with Their Hosts. At Virus as Populations. Composition, Complexity, Dynamics, and Biological Implications. Academic Press.2016;123–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800837-9.00004-6 Berentschot JC, Bek LM, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Berg-Emons RJG et al. Acute COVID-19 treatment is not associated with health problems 2 years after hospitalization, Inter J Inf Dis .2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.02.00 Castanares-Zapatero D, Chalon P, Kohn L, Dauvrin M, et al. Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID: a comprehensive review. Ann Med. 2022;54(1):1473-1487. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2076901 Aggarwal NR, Nordwall J, Braun DL, Chung L, et al.. Viral and Host Factors Are Associated With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2024; ciad780.https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad780 Zhang Y, Chinchilli VM, Ssentongo P, et al. Association of Long COVID with mental health disorders: a retrospective cohort study using real-world data from the USA. BMJ Open. 2024;14: e079267. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079267 Duindam HB, Kox DM, Göpfert JC, R.P.C. Kessels RP, et al. Systemic inflammation relates to neuroaxonal damage associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.2024;117: 510-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.002 Thomas E, Ghany MG, Liang TJ. The application and mechanism of action of ribavirin in therapy of hepatitis C. Antivir Chem Chemother.2012;23(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP2125. Tong S, Su Y, Yu Y, Wu C, et al. Ribavirin therapy for severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Antimicrob Agents.2020;56(3):106114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106114 Omelyanovskiy V, Antonov V, Bezdenezhnyk T, et al. Current Research Data on Drug Therapy for Novel Coronavirus Associated Disease (COVID-19): Systematic Review. Health Technol. Evaluation and selection. 2020;(1):8–18. https://doi.org/10.31556/2219-0678.2020.39.1.008-018 Williamson PS, Fowles DC, Weinberger M. Electrodermal potential and conductance measurements clinically discriminate between cystic fibrosis and control patients. Pediatr Res.1985;19(8):810-4. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198508000-00006 Ahn AC, Schnyer R, Conboy L, et al. Electrodermal measures of Jing-Well points and their clinical relevance in endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain. J Altern Complement Med.2009;15(12):1293-305. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0597 Caruell D, Gustafsson A, Shams P, et al. The use of electrodermal activity (EDA) measurement to understand consumer emotions–a literature review and a call for action. J Bussin Res.2019;104(4): 146-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.041 Hong H. Increase in electrodermal activity on acupuncture points of lymphatic, lung, nervous, endocrine and heart meridians after running exercise, a single case study. OBM Integr Complem Med.2019; 4(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.icm.1901019 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4112790","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Method Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":280287783,"identity":"65dca17b-2d5a-42d1-ac88-1500ea69adab","order_by":0,"name":"Naylya Djumaeva","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxsYDDAzMzFCeDUwEr5YGZC1pMBH8AKQFxj4ME8ENzNkPNxz4wWDNbnDt8MPHPDXn7da2A0UYamyicWmx7ElsONjDkM5scDvN2Jjn2O3kbWcSgVqOpeU24NBicACogIfhMFBLgpnkDLbbyWYgEcaGw7i1nH/YcPAPWEv6958z/p1LNgOK4NdyI7HhMMSWHDOGj20H7MxuELLlxsOGwzIG6cySt3OKJT72JSeYAUUOJODzy/n0hw/fVFgn891O3/gh4ZudvRlQ5MGHGhucWqAaGZJhzESwygS8yiHADsawJ0LxKBgFo2AUjDAAAIGgab6e0fmLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"The Reseach Institute of Virology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naylya","middleName":"","lastName":"Djumaeva","suffix":""},{"id":280287784,"identity":"37001851-fd10-4518-8898-e549414d6c70","order_by":1,"name":"Leyla Djumaeva","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Medical Center \"Avicenna\"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Leyla","middleName":"","lastName":"Djumaeva","suffix":""},{"id":280287785,"identity":"b4beb498-3df4-4b2f-bd38-dc1c3058764e","order_by":2,"name":"Gulnara Akhunjanova","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Medical Center \" Avicenna\"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gulnara","middleName":"","lastName":"Akhunjanova","suffix":""},{"id":280287786,"identity":"d2f33d91-1a8c-4c0e-ae12-fa5139c142f7","order_by":3,"name":"Dilbar Urunova","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Epidemiology, Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dilbar","middleName":"","lastName":"Urunova","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-16 11:06:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4112790/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4112790/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":53011775,"identity":"ecc2ab66-2ef4-45a1-830c-20c0b6a03312","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-19 15:37:43","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":155980,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults of medicament testing of daily doses of ribavirin (200 mg) in patients of reproductive age from 2020-2021 to 2023\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4112790/v1/bcb3cfa4b6a77190d7ae14ee.png"},{"id":53011774,"identity":"cdfd5fd0-0022-4764-8930-38b24e83641e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-19 15:37:43","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":59355,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComparison of EAV pretest results and tested daily doses of ribavirin for Ne and Kr meridians during the observation period\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4112790/v1/9ca70a2fd5519718c9973f7b.png"},{"id":53012845,"identity":"e9e98d5b-973a-4b8e-a94b-19da814ac2ad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-19 15:45:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":637279,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4112790/v1/75b6cced-f555-440e-acea-84f5c7389297.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRibavirin’s Daily Dose Growth Determined as the Result of Medicament Testing May Be a Predictor of the Chronic Course of the Disease in Long COVID Syndrome Patients\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe electrical properties of acupuncture points (APs) have drawn attention because of their ability to be used for diagnostic purposes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Based on the electrical properties of APs, various diagnostic devices for measuring electrodermal impedance (EI) in APs have been developed, among which electroacupuncture, according to Voll (EAV), deserves the most attention. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. The design features of the EAV device allow for medicament testing (MT), a method of testing different drugs based on the measurement of altered characteristics of the EI of AP with the subsequent selection of drugs capable of restoring the electrodermal activity in the measured AP, as well as determining the doses of the selected drugs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Our earlier study on the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia with ribavirin dose testing revealed a significant difference in the tested doses of the drug in patients with different disease severities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e demonstrates the relationship between the severity of the disease in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia and the tested daily doses of ribavirin.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelationships between the severity of disease in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia and the tested daily doses of ribavirin.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMild severity of disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Ribavirin-200 mg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate severity of disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Ribavirin-200 mg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003equartile1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003equartile3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1800\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMe (Q1; Q3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250 (137,5;500)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1600 (1500;1800)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data presented in the table demonstrate that the tested dose of ribavirin in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia depends directly on the severity of the pathological process: the more severe the patient\u0026rsquo;s condition is, the greater the tested daily dose of the drug.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe also showed a connection between the tested dose of sofosbuvir and the viral load in the blood of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe pathophysiology of long COVID syndrome is still enigmatic, and numerous studies have not yet provided a definitive answer to these questions. The following hypotheses have been proposed about the possible mechanism underlying the development of this condition: cellular changes caused by the virus and related to its neurotropism may contribute to the pathogenesis of long COVID-19 with neurological manifestations[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]; it has been assumed that dysregulation of the immune response in response to primary infection or occult viral persistence may provoke deleterious disorders, including autoimmune manifestations, activation of coagulation and fibrosis pathways, or metabolic disorders[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]; and a hypothesis of persistent and occult viral presence has been proposed based on the detection of viral particles in several organs after acute infection[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. We have tried to look at this issue in a different way and offer our own approach in an attempt to provide an explanation of this issue.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. NATERIALS AND METHODS","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Aim, design and study settings\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis blind randomized placebo-controlled trial aimed to investigate the potential of EAV diagnosis to define the APs of meridians with changed electrodermal impedance and to select daily doses of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome. The selection of participants for the study was carried out on the basis of the Outpatient Department of the Research Institute of Virology, from which patients with suspected long COVID syndrome were recruited. The diagnosis of long COVID syndrome was based on the patient's complaints and medical history of the disease (confirmation of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection). Further examination of the selected patients via the EAV and subsequent MT was carried out at the \u0026ldquo;Avicenna\u0026rdquo; Medical Centre from October 2020 to December 2023, during which the patients were divided into two groups using a simple random sampling method. The inclusion criteria for patients were as follows: were of either sex and aged 16 to 50 years; had a diagnosis of COVID-19 based on the definition of long COVID-19 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]; and were willing to sign a written informed consent form. Patients who tested positive for HCV Ab were excluded from the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Ministry of Health of R. Uzbekistan (№ 6/8-1550 from 27/11/2020). All enrolled patients signed a written informed consent form for the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Characteristics of the participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the baseline visit, 204 patients were examined. Of these patients, 164 (80.4%) patients (median age 35.4 years; 53% female) were diagnosed with long COVID syndrome based on their complaints, medical history of the disease and results of patient examinations. Patient examination, complaint registration, and medical history were conducted before MT with the physician's participation in the general clinical setting of the medical center. In this group of patients, the experimental group comprised 96 (58.5%), and the placebo group comprised 68 (41.5%). Patients were followed for three years (2020\u0026ndash;2023), with each subsequent patient examination to review the daily ribavirin doses ranging from 10\u0026ndash;12 months. In the experimental group, 44 patients and 19 in the placebo group dropped out of the study by the end of the observation for various reasons: leaving the country, refusal to participate for personal reasons, lack of time and other circumstances, which led to a reduction in the number of patients in the experimental and placebo groups. The final numbers of patients were 52 (51.5%) and 49 (48.5%). Among these patients, 42.5% were vaccinated against COVID-19\u0026mdash;51.9% in the experimental group and 37.2% in the placebo group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Description of the intervention\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e In this blind randomized placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 1.06:1 ratio of patients (experimental and placebo groups) who were further examined by EAV diagnosis, followed by MT by two experts with 33 and 22 years of experience in EAV diagnosis and MT, respectively. MT was performed with an apparatus for EAV diagnosis called \u0026ldquo;Vistron\u0026rdquo; (Kindling, GmbH Medizintechnik)[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. The EAV readings of the tested APs were collected and analyzed before and after MT. The EAV diagnosis was performed according to the manufacturer's standard, including information on conditions related to external factors, the patient and the physician using the EAV diagnostic equipment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3.1 Medicament testing\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe essential components of an EAV device include the basic apparatus with a diagnostic stylus, a metallic hand electrode (for the patient), a honeycomb (for MT) and a computer connected to the EAV device. According to the recommendations accepted in EAV diagnosis, the so-called \u003cem\u003eenergy balance\u003c/em\u003e in the investigated AP is registered when, during the measurement process, on the scale of the device display, the indices \u003cem\u003ecorresponding to 50\u0026ndash;70 units\u003c/em\u003e of the device display scale are set. An imbalance score less than 50 or greater than 70 indicated hypoergic (energy deficit) or hyperergic (energy excess) responses, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA prerequisite for MT is a changed (an increased, meaning an energy excess or a decreased, meaning an energy deficit) level of electrodermal activity at the acupuncture points of the studied meridians. The AP response to the drug being tested during MT was assessed by the reaction of altered electrodermal activity (EA) at the acupuncture point to the placement of the drug in the honeycomb, manifested by a change in the readings of the EAV diagnostic device. It is assumed that if the readings of the EAV device shift in one or another direction when the medication is placed into the honeycomb, the tested drug will have a particular effect on the acupuncture point under study. A positive response to the tested drug is manifested by the normalization of the EI at the AP under the influence of the tested drug [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe arbitrary measurement value (AMV) was used to analyze the MT results. The AMV is calculated by subtracting the resulting EAV reading (E) and the lower level of the energy balance indicator (50) and is equal to \u003cem\u003eE minus 50.\u003c/em\u003e If the EAV readings are recorded below 50 units on the scale of the device display, the AMV will have negative meanings. It is recommended only for statistical analysis and data comparison [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo determine the daily dose of medication, the drug was administered via the honeycomb of the EAV device at the recommended daily dose according to the instructions. The EI at the AP was measured before and after placement of the drug into the honeycomb. In the presence of a negative reaction to the tested dose of the drug, which manifests itself as a further decrease in the indicator of the EAV device, an additional tablet is added to the honeycomb one by one, and each time the EI is measured at the studied AP. The number of tablets at which a positive response was observed was calculated by normalizing the absolute value of the EAV device readings when the EI was measured at the AP; this number was defined as the tested daily dose of the drug [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. The drug selection and dosage selection processes are closely related, as only by correctly measuring the dosage of a medicine during the MT process can it be concluded that the decision about the selected drug is correct. Based on our previous experience examining patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia and the preliminary data we received on the diagnosis of long COVID-19, we decided to use ribavirin (copegus, Hoffmann-La Roche, 200 mg, tablets) in the experimental group of patients. We used glucose tablets as a placebo.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Statistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical processing of the data was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 program. The Wilcoxon test was used for dependent variables, and the Mann\u0026ndash;Whitney test was used for independent variables to determine statistically significant differences in quantitative data. Intergroup differences were considered significant at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05. Correlations were calculated using the nonparametric Spearman criterion. The significance coefficient was considered significant at r\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo measure the level of EI at the acupuncture points (AP), we selected the following acupuncture points (measurement points (MP), Voll): Ne-3, Kr-8b, 3E-1b*, He-8c*, Pa/Mi-1a*(S), Pa/Mi-1a*(D), Le-1a*, Ge-1b*, Hau-1-3*, Ni-1-3b*, Bl-66*, and Pa/Mi-11[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. At all specified MPs, the readings of the EAV device were recorded below the standard indications of the device [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. These results were interpreted as hypoergic reactions, and a decrease in the indicator of varying severity was observed; these results were evaluated according to the accepted \u0026ldquo;Interpretation of the results of the indicator drop\u0026rdquo; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Next, medication testing was conducted to determine the daily ribavirin dose using the abovementioned technique. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e presents the data from the medicament testing of daily doses of ribavirin (200 mg) over the observation period from 2020 to 2023.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of medicament testing of daily doses of ribavirin (200 mg) in patients of reproductive age from 2020 to 2023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeridians\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u0026ndash;2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRibavirin 200 mg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRibavirin 200 mg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRibavirin 200 mg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNe-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e232,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;111,9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e398,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;179,4^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e607,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;282,9^^^##\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKr-8b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e345,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;165,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e543,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;161,3^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e602,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;268,8^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3E-1b*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e231,5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;100,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e272,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;97,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e326,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;135^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHe-8c*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;81,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e265\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;66,9^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e285\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;120,3^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLe-1a*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e211,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;48,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e344,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;52,7^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e538,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;134,1^^##\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePa/Mi(S)-1a*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;70,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e234,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;83,2^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e350\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;107,7^^^###\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePa/Mi(D)-1a*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e305,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;167,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e305,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;174,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e382,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;136,9^#\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGe-1b*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;43,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;110,6^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e195\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;28,4#\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHau-1-3*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e175\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;52,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e158,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;80,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e158,3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;58,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNi-1-3b*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e245\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;64,3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e240\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;65,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;45,9^^##\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBl-66*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;40,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e192,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34,5^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e178,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;39,3^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePa/Mi-11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273,1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;90,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e219,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;59,6^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e380,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;143,7^^##\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eNote: ^-P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, ^^-P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, ^^-P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 \u0026ndash; statistically significant difference compared to the corresponding indicators for 2021.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e#P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, ##P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, and ###P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 indicate statistical significance for the corresponding indicators for 2022 ribavirin doses given in milligrams of the drug. The abbreviations for the meridians used were as follows: Ne-Nervous Degeneration, Kr-Circulation, 3E-Endocrine System, He-Heart, Le-Liver, Pa/Mi-Pancreas (D)/Lien (S), Ge-Joints, Hau-Skin, Ni-Kidney, and Bl-Bladder (German Classification, Voll). Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the graphical design of the data in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe presented data demonstrated that there were fluctuations in the tested daily doses of ribavirin on different meridians. Notably, the highest tested daily doses of ribavirin by the end of the observation period were recorded on the Ne, Kr and Le meridians and constituted 607,8 mg, 602,4 mg and 538,9 mg of ribavirin, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e shows the results of the EAV measurements in the experimental group of patients over the observation period. The arbitrary measurement value (AMV) was used to analyze the MT results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eData of the EAV reading results in the experimental group of patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeridians\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEAV readings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u0026ndash;2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAMV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAMV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAMV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNe-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,64^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5,22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,77^^^#\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,23^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9,89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKr-8b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5,46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,6^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,55^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,25^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,23^###\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3E-1b*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,21^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,54^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,13^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHe-8c*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,86^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,02^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13^^##\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLe-1a*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,9^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6,03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,48^^##\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,27^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePa/Mi(S)-1a*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,23^^^###\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,21^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePa/Mi(D)-1a*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,71^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,67^#\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,22^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,23^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGe-1b*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,05^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,21^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHau-1-3*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1,68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,38^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,45^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,32^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNi-1-3b*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,37^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,4^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,31^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBl-66*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,31^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,14^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePa/Mi-11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,94^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,4^^###\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,15^^^\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003eNote: ^-P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, ^^-P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, ^^-P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 \u0026ndash; statistically significant difference in relation to the corresponding indicators for 2021.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e#P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, ##P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, and ###P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 indicate statistical significance in relation to the corresponding indicators for 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEAV pretesting readings of meridians are plotted with means and standard errors. The abbreviations for meridians are Ne-Nervous Degeneration, Kr-Circulation, 3E-Endocrine System, He-Heart, Le-Liver, Pa/Mi-Pancreas (D)/Lien (S), Ge-Joints, Hau-Skin, Ni-Kidney, and Bl-Bladder (German Classification, Voll).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comparison of the data in these tables (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e) demonstrated the relationship between the EAV reading results and the tested daily doses of ribavirin. Thus, in 2023, the most pronounced decreases in electrodermal activity were observed in the studied MF meridians Ne, Kr and Le, which were \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;5.22 (Ne-3), -5.8 (Kr-8b) and 6.03 (Le-1a*), respectively, and the tested doses of ribavirin on the same meridians were 607.8 mg (Ne-3), 602.4 mg (Kr-8b) and 538.3 mg (Le-1a*), respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows the results of the EAV measurements in the compared groups of patients during the observation period. AMV was used to analyze the MT results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eData from the EAV reading results in the experimental and placebo groups of patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeridians\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEAV readings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlacebo group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u0026ndash;2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAMV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAMV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAMV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNe-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,94*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5,22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,77**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,19***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,23***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9,89***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKr-8b\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,95*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5,46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,6*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5,8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,55*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,24***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,25***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,23***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3E-1b*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,1***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,13***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHe-8c*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,61**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,86*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,07***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLe-1a*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,74*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6,03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,48**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epost -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,28***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,27***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePa/Mi(S)-\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1a*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,23***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,21***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,21***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,24***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePa/Mi(D)-1a*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,71*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,67**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,2***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,22***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,23***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGe-1b*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epost -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,19***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,21***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,12***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHau-1-3*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1,68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,3***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,32***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNi-1-3b*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,4*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,25***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,31***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,36***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBl-66*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre -test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-3,19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,14***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,14***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,19***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePa/Mi-11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePre- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4,01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,4**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost- test\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2,84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,13***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,15***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,16***\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eNote: *P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, **P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, ***P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 indicate statistical significance in relation to the corresponding indicators of the control group.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEAV pretesting readings of meridians are plotted with means and standard errors. The abbreviations for meridians are Ne-Nervous Degeneration, Kr-Circulation, 3E-Endocrine system, He-Heart, Le- Liver, Pa/Mi-Pancreas (D)/Lien (S), Ge-Joints, Hau-Skin, Ni-Kidney, and Bl-Bladder (German Classification, Voll).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe presented data demonstrated a significant difference (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) in the compared groups of patients according to the EAV pretest and posttest results, which was especially evident at the end of the observation period.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo identify and assess the closeness of the relationship between two series of comparable quantitative indicators during the observation period\u0026mdash;the results of the EAV pretest readings and ribavirin doses\u0026mdash;we used the Spearman coefficient (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). The Spearman coefficient was calculated for two meridians, Ne and Kr.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimates of the closeness of the relationship (Spearman coefficient) between EAV pretest results and the tested doses of ribavirin for the observation period from 2020\u0026ndash;2021 to 2023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePair of Variables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpearman\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoefficient-ρ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003et(N-2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNe_Ribavirin2021 \u0026amp; Ne_pre- test 2020\u0026ndash;2021\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,766522\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6,5374\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,000000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNe_Ribavirin2021 \u0026amp; Ne_post- test 2020\u0026ndash;2021\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,512815\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,2718\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,002690\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKr_Ribavirin2021 \u0026amp; Kr_pre-test 2020\u0026ndash;2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,821824\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9,0081\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,000000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKr_Ribavirin2021 \u0026amp; Kr_post-test 2020\u0026ndash;2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,153447\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,9698\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,338142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNe_Ribavirin2022 \u0026amp; Ne_pre-test2022\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,918862\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-12,7549\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,000000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNe_Ribavirin2022 \u0026amp; Ne_post-test2022\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,012466\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,0683\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,946013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKr_Ribavirin2022 \u0026amp; Kr_pre-test2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,828853\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9,2520\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,000000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKr_Ribavirin2022 \u0026amp; Kr_post-test2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,061494\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,3848\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,702507\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNe_Ribavirin2023 \u0026amp; Ne_pre-test2023\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,846807\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8,7200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,000000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNe_Ribavirin2023 \u0026amp; Ne_post-test2023\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,167155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,9286\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,360504\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKr_Ribavirin2023 \u0026amp; Kr_pre-test2023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,826824\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-9,1802\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,000000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKr_Ribavirin2023 \u0026amp; Kr_post-test2023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,090787\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0,5693\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,572406\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe found a significant correlation between the EAV prereading results and the tested daily ribavirin doses at the three-year follow-up in both meridians (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpearman's correlation coefficients were as follows: ρ = -0.766, ρ = -0.918 and ρ = -0.846 for the Ne meridian in the 2020\u0026ndash;2021, 2022 and 2023 periods, respectively (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpearman\u0026rsquo;s correlation coefficients were as follows: ρ = -0.821, ρ = -0.828 and ρ = -0.866 for the Kr meridian in the 2020\u0026ndash;2021, 2022 and 2023 periods, respectively (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe also compared the changes in the EAV pretest results and the tested daily ribavirin doses during observation. These tables' data convincingly demonstrate an inverse relationship between the tested daily doses of ribavirin and the EAV results readings: the higher the tested dose of ribavirin is, the more pronounced the magnitude of the indicator drop in the EAV diagnostic apparatus. The data we obtained indicate a possible connection between the tested doses of the drug and the magnitude of the decrease in the activity of the EAV device associated with this process. However, this statement requires further study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. DISCISSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe first piece of information on the need to dose medicines was mentioned in the works of the medieval scholars Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) and Paracelsus. A very peculiar comment on this subject was expressed by Cipolle: \u0026ldquo;Drugs do not have doses; people have doses\u0026rdquo; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. There is a constant search for more advanced methods for detecting drugs in the human body [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. For the first time, we proposed a noninvasive medicament testing method for the individual selection of daily doses of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome. This allowed us to apply the obtained data to predict the course of the disease.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrently, long COVID-19 is defined as a condition after recovery from acute COVID-19 infection for more than 12 weeks, persisting for at least 2 months, when the severity of the acute infection is not important, or when the patient has unresolved COVID-19 illness with symptoms not associated with any other condition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. To date, data have been accumulated from various studies regarding the nature of the disease, clinical manifestations of long COVID-19 and other conditions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Notably, a large number of studies indicate damage to the nervous system in patients with long COVID syndrome. According to our data, almost 50% of complaints from patients with long COVID-19 are related to damage to the nervous system [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. The results of this study also showed a marked decrease in electrodermal activity in the neural degeneration meridian that was accompanied by a high dose of ribavirin. Serum SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels have been shown to be generally associated with clinical progression of COVID-19, including mortality [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on our previously obtained data on the relationship between tested doses of sofosbuvir and blood viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, we suggest that long COVID syndrome tends to persist in various tissues of the human body, causing multiple complaints. This statement requires careful proof in a larger sample of patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRibavirin exhibits antiviral activity against a broad range of both DNA and RNA viruses in vitro and is widely used to treat viral infections, where the virus genome is represented by one- or double-stranded RNA, and the mechanism of action includes direct inhibition of viral polymerase [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Recent studies of the activity of a number of antiviral drugs against Omicron have shown that ribavirin retains its activity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as do drugs such as IDD-1931, PF-07321332, remdesivir, favipravir, nafamostat, camostat, and aprotinin [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. This report describes a noninvasive method for selecting daily doses of ribavirin exclusively for diagnostic purposes in patients with long COVID-19.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectrodermal impedance measurements have been used to assess various conditions, including cystic fibrosis and chronic pelvic pain, to assess a person's emotional state [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. Changes in the electrodermal activity of APs and respiratory conditions and in the electrodermal activity of APs at different meridians have been shown to be correlated with running exercise in patients diagnosed with EAV [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. In this report, we describe for the first time the results of medicament testing for determining the daily doses of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. CONCLUSIONS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of using EAV to identify meridians with decreased electrodermal impedance at acupuncture points, followed by medicament testing with ribavirin to restore decreased electrodermal activity at the studied acupuncture points and to measure the daily dose of the drug. The measured daily dose of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome may indirectly serve as a prognostic marker of the course of the disease. However, further clinical and instrumental studies are needed to assess the clinical application of medicament testing in the evaluation of long COVID syndrome.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy data available upon reasonable request\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author(s) declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies, either public or commercial\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudy Design and Conceptualization: ND, GA, LD. Methodology and Investigation: ND, GA, LD. Statistical analysis: DU. Original draft preparation: ND. Approving final version: all of the coauthors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eColbert AP, Yun J, Larsen A, Edinger T, et al. Skin impedance measurements for acupuncture research: development of a continuous recording system. Evid Bas Complement Altern Med.2008; (4): 443-50.https://doi.org/ 10.1093/ecam/nem060\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLeonhardt H. Fundamentals of Electroacupuncture According to Voll. Uelzen, Germany, Medizinisch Literarische Verlagsgesell schaft.1980\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eVoll R. The phenomenon of medicine testing in electroacupuncture according to Voll. Am J Acupunct.1980; 8: 97-104.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDjumaeva N. New approaches to diagnosis and therapy for Covid-19.Inter J Sci Engineer Res.2020; 9:1\u0026ndash;8. https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2020.09.04\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDjumaeva N, Achundjanova G, Djumaeva L, et al. Medicament testing on acupuncture points as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for determining the daily doses of sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Futur J Pharm Sci. 2023;9, 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-023-00514-z\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDavis H, McCorkell, Vogel J, Topel E. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nature Reviews Microbiology.2023;11:133\u0026ndash;146. \u0026nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWallukat G, Hohberger B, Wenzel K, et al. Functional autoantibodies against G-protein coupled receptors in patients with persistent Long-COVID-19 symptoms. J Transl Autoimmun. 2021; 4:100100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100100\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSwank Z, Senussi Y, Manickas-Hill Z, et al.Persistent circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike is associated with postacute coronavirus disease 2019 Sequelae. Clin Infect Dis.2023;76(3): e487-e490. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac722\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ehttps://www.kindling.de/produkte/elektroakupunktur /\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDjumaeva N, Akhundjanova G, Djumaeva L, et al. Medicament testing in the diagnosis of long COVID syndrome. OBM Integrat\u0026amp;Complement Med.2024; 9(1): 010; https://doi.org/:10.21926/obm.icm.2401010\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHong H. Electrodermal measurement of acupuncture points may be a diagnostic tool for respiratory conditions: a retrospective chart review. Med Acupunct.2016; 28(3):137-147. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2016.1177\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCipolle R. \u0026ldquo;Drugs do not have doses; people have doses\u0026rdquo;. Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. Editorials. 1986; 20:881-882\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMaxfield K, Milligan L, Wang L, et al.Proceedings of a Workshop: Precision Dosing: Defining the Need and Approaches to Deliver Individualized Drug Dosing in the Real-World Setting. Clin Pharmacol Ther.2021;109(1):25-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1933\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWHO. A clinical CAS definition of post COVID condition by a Delphy consensus. World health Organization (WHO). A clinical CAS definition of post COVID condition by a Delphy consensus.2021;Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Henry BM. COVID-19 and its long-term sequelae: what do we know in 2023? Pol Arch Intern Med. 2023;133(4):16402. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.16402\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDomingo E. Interaction of Virus Populations with Their Hosts. At Virus as Populations. Composition, Complexity, Dynamics, and Biological Implications. Academic Press.2016;123\u0026ndash;168. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800837-9.00004-6\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBerentschot JC, Bek LM, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Berg-Emons RJG et al. Acute COVID-19 treatment is not associated with health problems 2 years after hospitalization, Inter J Inf Dis .2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.02.00\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCastanares-Zapatero D, Chalon P, Kohn L, Dauvrin M, et al. Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID: a comprehensive review. Ann Med. 2022;54(1):1473-1487. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2076901\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAggarwal NR, Nordwall J, Braun DL, Chung L, et al.. Viral and Host Factors Are Associated With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2024; ciad780.https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad780\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZhang Y, Chinchilli VM, Ssentongo P, et al. Association of Long COVID with mental health disorders: a retrospective cohort study using real-world data from the USA. BMJ Open. 2024;14: e079267. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079267\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDuindam HB, Kox DM, G\u0026ouml;pfert JC, R.P.C. Kessels RP, et al. Systemic inflammation relates to neuroaxonal damage associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.2024;117: 510-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.002\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThomas E, Ghany MG, Liang TJ. The application and mechanism of action of ribavirin in therapy of hepatitis C. Antivir Chem Chemother.2012;23(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3851/IMP2125.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTong S, Su Y, Yu Y, Wu C, et al. Ribavirin therapy for severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Antimicrob Agents.2020;56(3):106114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106114\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOmelyanovskiy V, Antonov V, Bezdenezhnyk T, et al. Current Research Data on Drug Therapy for Novel Coronavirus Associated Disease (COVID-19): Systematic Review. Health Technol. Evaluation and selection. 2020;(1):8\u0026ndash;18. https://doi.org/10.31556/2219-0678.2020.39.1.008-018\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWilliamson PS, Fowles DC, Weinberger M. Electrodermal potential and conductance measurements clinically discriminate between cystic fibrosis and control patients. Pediatr Res.1985;19(8):810-4. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198508000-00006\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAhn AC, Schnyer R, Conboy L, et al. Electrodermal measures of Jing-Well points and their clinical relevance in endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain. J Altern Complement Med.2009;15(12):1293-305. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2008.0597\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCaruell D, Gustafsson A, Shams P, et al. The use of electrodermal activity (EDA) measurement to understand consumer emotions\u0026ndash;a literature review and a call for action. J Bussin Res.2019;104(4): 146-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.041\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHong H. Increase in electrodermal activity on acupuncture points of lymphatic, lung, nervous, endocrine and heart meridians after running exercise, a single case study. OBM Integr Complem Med.2019; 4(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.icm.1901019\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"The Research Institute of Virology","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Long COVID syndrome, Pathophysiology, Medicament testing, Acupuncture point, Measurement point, Ribavirin, Daily doses","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4112790/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4112790/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLong COVID syndrome, a multisystemic condition resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, affects at least 65\u0026nbsp;million people worldwide. The disease pathogenesis is unclear, and many different assumptions still exist. This study aimed to explore the use of medicament testing to determine the optimal daily dose of ribavirin through the use of electroacupuncture via the Voll (EAV) diagnostic system for acupuncture points.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterials and methods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne hundred one patients (aged 16 to 50) with long COVID syndrome were recruited from the Research Institute of Virology and were eligible according to the inclusion criteria. Patients were randomized to the experimental or the placebo groups. The patients were further examined with EAV diagnostics based on the level of electrodermal activity at the acupuncture points, followed by medicament testing with ribavirin (tablets) to determine the daily doses of the drug. Fifty-two participants were randomized to the experimental group and fourty nine to the placebo group and were considered for data analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of using EAV to identify meridians with decreased levels of electrodermal activity at acupuncture points, followed by medicament testing with ribavirin to restore the decreased electrodermal conductivity at the studied acupuncture points and to measure the daily dose of the drug.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe measured daily doses of ribavirin in patients with long COVID syndrome may indirectly serve as a prognostic marker of the course of the disease. However, further clinical and instrumental studies are needed to evaluate the clinical application of medicament testing in assessing long-term COVID syndrome.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Ribavirin’s Daily Dose Growth Determined as the Result of Medicament Testing May Be a Predictor of the Chronic Course of the Disease in Long COVID Syndrome Patients","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-03-19 15:37:39","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4112790/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0fc90326-7fab-419c-b2b3-e6639b8f982f","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 19th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":29520368,"name":"Virology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-03-19T15:37:39+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-03-19 15:37:39","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4112790","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4112790","identity":"rs-4112790","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}