Identification of the role of immune-related genes in the diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder with metabolic syndrome through machine learning and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis

Background: Bipolar affective disorder and metabolic syndrome are both associated with the expression of immune disorders. The current study aims to find the effective diagnostic candidate genes for bipolar affective disorder with metabolic syndrome. Methods A validation data set of bipolar disorder and metabolic syndrome was provided by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found utilizing the Limma package, followed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Further analyses were performed to identify the key immune-related center genes through function enrichment analysis, followed by machine learning-based techniques for the construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identification of the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Random Forest (RF). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to diagnose bipolar affective disorder with metabolic syndrome. To investigate the immune cell imbalance in bipolar disorder, the infiltration of the immune cells was developed. Results There were 2289 DEGs in bipolar disorder, and 691 module genes in metabolic syndrome were identified. The DEGs of bipolar disorder and metabolic syndrome module genes crossed into 129 genes, so a total of 5 candidate genes were finally selected through machine learning. The ROC curve results-based assessment of the diagnostic value was done. These results suggest that these candidate genes have high diagnostic value. Conclusion Potential candidate genes for bipolar disorder with metabolic syndrome were found in 5 candidate genes (AP1G2、C1orf54、DMAC2L、RABEPK and ZFAND5), all of which have diagnostic significance.