The Relation between Endometriosis and Developing of Endometrial, Ovarian, Cervical, and Breast Carcinoma

Background: Endometriosis occurs when estrogen-dependent endometrial glands and stroma are found outside of the uterine cavity and musculature. It is a persistent gynecological disorder. Aim: The main objective is to determine if endometriosis heightens the risk of getting several types of cancer, including breast, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Methods: Two hundred women who had endometriosis confirmed by histological biopsy or laparoscopy participated in this observational study that looked back at past cases. In Cairo, Egypt, the patients were seen at the National Cancer Institute and Al-Azhar University Hospitals' outpatient gynecological and obstetrics clinics. Ages 18 to 50 were represented among the participants. All patients were grouped into two categories: A total of 151 patients were classified as having endometriosis, whereas 49 patients were classified as having no such condition. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p>0.05), as per CA15.3. A notable disparity was discovered when the two groups were compared according to the endometriosis site and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) (p-value<0.05). Conclusions: This research has improved our understanding of the demographic and clinical aspects of our population's endometriosis patients. While we did not demonstrate increased cancer risk in endometriosis patients, this may reflect study limitations rather than the absence of an association. The significant findings regarding CA125 elevation, diabetes association, and educational disparities contribute to our understanding of endometriosis as a complex, multifaceted condition requiring comprehensive medical management and continued research attention.