Discovery of crucial cytokines associated with deep vein thrombus formation by protein array analysis

The aim of this study was to discover promising biomarkers or targeted therapies to increase the detection accuracy for early-stage DVT or reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis related complications. Novel serum-based biomarkers for DVT/NDVT were screened by Quantibody Array 440. Proteins differentially expressed in DVT were analyzed using bioinformatics methods and subjected to customized array validation. We used receiver operating characteristics to calculate diagnostic accuracy and machine learning methods to establish a biomarker panel for target evaluation. Twenty-three targets were selected for validation using a customized array, and 12 biomarkers were consistent with previous results. AUC of these factors as followed that FGF-6 (0.956), Galectin-3 ( 0.942), EDA-A2 ( 0.933), CHI3L1 (0.911), IL-1 F9 (0.898), Dkk-4 (0.88), IG-H3 (0.876), IGFBP (0.858), Gas-1 (0.858), Layilin (0.849), ULBP-2 (0.813), and FGF-9 (0.773) could be promising biomarkers for DVT/NDVT or therapeutic targets. EDA-A2, FGF-6, Dkk-4, IL-1 F9, Galentin-3, Layilin, Big-h3, CHI3L1, ULBP-2, Gas-1, IGFBP-5 and FGF-9 are promising diagnostic or therapeutic targets for DVT to increase the rate of accuracy and reduce the rate of complications.