Simultaneous Sensitive Spectroscopic Determination of Anti COVID-19 Agents in Raw Materials and Pharmaceuticals: In-Depth Green Assessment

Favipiravir (FAV) and Remdesivir (REM) as antiviral agents that have been used either alone or as co-administered regimen in management of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Four sensitive UV-spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous determination of these antiviral agents without prior treatment in an eco-friendly green way. In {method I} FAV was quantified directly in zero order at 361.8 nm while, REM was determined by the absorption correction method at 241 nm after computing FAV's equality factor. In {method II} both FAV and REM were analyzed by dual wavelength method (DW) using absorbance difference between (235.8 and 248.2 nm) and (244.8 and 228.8 nm), respectively. In {method III} FAV and REM were determined by first derivative method (1D) at 380 nm and 237.2 nm, respectively. Finally in {method IV} FAV was determined by first derivative of ratio spectra method (1DD) using standard spectrum of 20.00 μg/mL of REM as a divisor at 258.8 nm. By the same way, REM was obtained using standard spectrum of 30.00 μg/mL of FAV as a divisor at 290 nm. The developed methods were successfully validated according to ICH guidelines, and they were effectively applied to pharmaceutical formulations and laboratory prepared mixtures. The results obtained were statistically compared with reported ones and no significant differences were found. Additionally, various greenness assessment metrics were used to assess the effectiveness and impact on human health including; Eco-Scale, NEMI, modified NEMI, GAPI and AGREE. The obtained Findings demonstrate the ecological impact of these methods.