Recycling spent lithium ion batteries by flash joule heating: preferential lithium recovery and Li-phase conversion mechanism under ultra-temperature

Recycling spent lithium ion batteries by flash joule heating: preferential lithium recovery and Li-phase conversion mechanism under ultra-temperature | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 17 April 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Recycling spent lithium ion batteries by flash joule heating: preferential lithium recovery and Li-phase conversion mechanism under ultra-temperature Authors : Ao Shen , Jialiang Zhang 0000-0002-0340-8971 [email protected] , Yongqiang Chen , and Chengyan Wang Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174492575.52742593/v1 Published Resources, Conservation and Recycling Version of record Peer review timeline 252 views 119 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract The recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries is essential for the sustainable development of renewable resources and environmental protection. Low lithium recovery efficiency and high energy consumption are the main problems in the current recycling technologies for black mass of spent NCM batteries. In this work, flash joule heating (FJH) method was innovatively applied to preferentially recover lithium from the actual raw material in industry. In particular, we firstly revealed the Li-phase conversion behavior in a nonequilibrium and high temperature state. Under the optimal FJH condition (1400 ℃, 90 s), the main Li phases in the product are converted into Li2O and Li5AlO4, while the transition metals are reduced to elemental forms and low valence oxides. The Li-phase conversion behavior and FJH characteristics matched excellently, so 91.8% of Li could be selectively extracted by water. Ni, Co, and Mn are recovered by sulfuric acid leaching with the efficiencies over 98%. This innovative method combines the phase transition behavior of lithium with the advantages of rapid joule heating, offering a new pathway for recycling spent LIBs in both theory and technology, and is extremely appealing owing to its energy conservation and high recovery efficiency. Supplementary Material File (main document.docx) Download 9.88 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 17 April 2025 Peer review timeline Published Resources, Conservation and Recycling Version of Record 1 Aug 2025 Published Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords flash joule heating lithium recovery lithium-ion batteries spent ncm material Authors Affiliations Ao Shen University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering View all articles by this author Jialiang Zhang 0000-0002-0340-8971 [email protected] University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering View all articles by this author Yongqiang Chen University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering View all articles by this author Chengyan Wang University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 252 views 119 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Ao Shen, Jialiang Zhang, Yongqiang Chen, et al. Recycling spent lithium ion batteries by flash joule heating: preferential lithium recovery and Li-phase conversion mechanism under ultra-temperature. Authorea . 17 April 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174492575.52742593/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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