Fabrication of a Convertible Roof System for Two-Wheeler

Fabrication of a Convertible Roof System for Two-Wheeler | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Fabrication of a Convertible Roof System for Two-Wheeler E.Basavaraju Simhadri, Kakade Narendra Rao, Gali Lakshmana, Gandham Santhoshi Kumari, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9206350/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Two-wheelers represent a significant portion of personal transportation systems, particularly in densely populated urban regions of developing countries. Despite their advantages in terms of fuel efficiency, maneuverability, and cost-effectiveness, riders are continuously exposed to adverse environmental conditions such as rainfall, ultraviolet radiation, wind turbulence, and airborne dust particles. Prolonged exposure to these conditions can reduce rider comfort, impair visibility, and negatively affect overall driving safety. This study presents the design, structural analysis, and fabrication of a lightweight convertible roof system intended for integration with standard scooter platforms. The system is designed to provide protective coverage while maintaining vehicle stability, maneuverability, and aerodynamic efficiency. The structural frame is fabricated using Aluminium 6061-T6 square tubing, selected for its high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and weldability. The canopy surface consists of UV-resistant polycarbonate panels, providing transparency, impact resistance, and durability under outdoor environmental conditions. The design methodology incorporates ergonomic analysis, aerodynamic load estimation, structural stress calculations, and material selection criteria to ensure functional feasibility and rider safety. Particular emphasis was placed on passenger clearance, resulting in a raised rear roof configuration that ensures a minimum helmet clearance of 100 mm. Aerodynamic load calculations were performed using the standard drag equation to estimate wind forces acting on the canopy structure during vehicle operation. The developed prototype demonstrates improved protection against sunlight and rainfall while maintaining minimal impact on vehicle centre of gravity and handling characteristics. The proposed system offers a practical, economical, and structurally feasible solution for enhancing rider comfort and safety in urban commuting applications. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9206350","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":617726938,"identity":"70527081-a364-4237-989a-e973c119204c","order_by":0,"name":"E.Basavaraju Simhadri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"E.Basavaraju","middleName":"","lastName":"Simhadri","suffix":""},{"id":617726939,"identity":"a426009c-04fe-461e-b709-b52487090bc9","order_by":1,"name":"Kakade Narendra Rao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kakade","middleName":"Narendra","lastName":"Rao","suffix":""},{"id":617726941,"identity":"8e315fdf-994a-4d30-805e-1ab9f69af18e","order_by":2,"name":"Gali Lakshmana","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gali","middleName":"","lastName":"Lakshmana","suffix":""},{"id":617726943,"identity":"767d5413-3e58-441e-bba6-3f5a59bfc3ae","order_by":3,"name":"Gandham Santhoshi Kumari","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfvbm5gcJDBJ2jA2HDwD5EjIEtUj2HGwzeMBgk8zceCwBpIWHoBaDG4kNkg8Y0hjbm88YgAQIa2E4kNhgkFBzmJm37cznVzdqLHgY2A8f3YBPB2PDwYYHCccO80n2nN1mnXMM6DCetLQb+LQwMzYCbWE7zGw44+w24xw2oBYJHjO8WtiYGRskEv4dZtx//80z45x/RGjhYQNqSWxLA1p2hvlxbhsRWiR4GNsMEvtskhkbjpkx5/ZJ8LAR8ov9/ceHH/74Bo7Kx59zvtXJ8bMfPoZXC4q/JMAkscpBgPkDKapHwSgYBaNg5AAADw1QSGCRsbAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gandham","middleName":"Santhoshi","lastName":"Kumari","suffix":""},{"id":617726945,"identity":"e50471e9-3535-49d7-ab72-ac28b0b2fef0","order_by":4,"name":"LAKSHMI PAVAN YASWANTH","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"LAKSHMI","middleName":"PAVAN","lastName":"YASWANTH","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-24 03:53:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9206350/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9206350/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106973288,"identity":"0263ee4a-75ae-41fd-8d64-c00e2223cee1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-15 10:26:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":295232,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FabricationofConvertibleRoofforTwoWheeler.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9206350/v1_covered_4a72bfa8-ad51-4911-abcf-bc4396aca01a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Fabrication of a Convertible Roof System for Two-Wheeler","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9206350/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9206350/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTwo-wheelers represent a significant portion of personal transportation systems, particularly in densely populated urban regions of developing countries. Despite their advantages in terms of fuel efficiency, maneuverability, and cost-effectiveness, riders are continuously exposed to adverse environmental conditions such as rainfall, ultraviolet radiation, wind turbulence, and airborne dust particles. Prolonged exposure to these conditions can reduce rider comfort, impair visibility, and negatively affect overall driving safety.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study presents the design, structural analysis, and fabrication of a lightweight convertible roof system intended for integration with standard scooter platforms. The system is designed to provide protective coverage while maintaining vehicle stability, maneuverability, and aerodynamic efficiency. The structural frame is fabricated using Aluminium 6061-T6 square tubing, selected for its high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and weldability. The canopy surface consists of UV-resistant polycarbonate panels, providing transparency, impact resistance, and durability under outdoor environmental conditions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe design methodology incorporates ergonomic analysis, aerodynamic load estimation, structural stress calculations, and material selection criteria to ensure functional feasibility and rider safety. Particular emphasis was placed on passenger clearance, resulting in a raised rear roof configuration that ensures a minimum helmet clearance of 100 mm. Aerodynamic load calculations were performed using the standard drag equation to estimate wind forces acting on the canopy structure during vehicle operation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe developed prototype demonstrates improved protection against sunlight and rainfall while maintaining minimal impact on vehicle centre of gravity and handling characteristics. The proposed system offers a practical, economical, and structurally feasible solution for enhancing rider comfort and safety in urban commuting applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Fabrication of a Convertible Roof System for Two-Wheeler","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-06 22:19:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9206350/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"90f0de2c-15c1-4563-9aaa-4b1e86ef13ef","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 6th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-15T10:14:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-06 22:19:03","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9206350","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9206350","identity":"rs-9206350","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}