How Can India Achieve Sustainable Transportation Goals Through Electrification?

Abstract Air pollution has led to global temperature increases and health hazards. Emission reduction is a global mission, and countries worldwide are working towards this goal. Transportation network electrification is a possible solution. Electrifying only transit systems will not have much impact without energy policy evolution and renewable source share enhancement. Since transportation needs rise with increasing population, emission intensity reduction steps should be implemented soon to affect global emission reduction. This work proposes reducing the share of vehicles with high per-passenger emissions and replacing them with mass transit systems under a generation scenario. It primarily establishes emission trends under the current vehicle scenario with only fossil fuel-burning vehicles and electric vehicle (EV) scenarios. It also considers different fuel mixes and finally compares all vehicle and fuel mix combinations. Results reveal that the proposed transport and fuel mix options help to reach the target set by India under the Paris Agreement.