A Novel Biocomposite of Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose Fiber Incorporated Fish Scale Derived Hydroxyapatite for Lead (II) Removal: Experimental and Mechanistic adsorption

A Novel Biocomposite of Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose Fiber Incorporated Fish Scale Derived Hydroxyapatite for Lead (II) Removal: Experimental and Mechanistic adsorption | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Novel Biocomposite of Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose Fiber Incorporated Fish Scale Derived Hydroxyapatite for Lead (II) Removal: Experimental and Mechanistic adsorption Jari Algethami, Abdullah N. Alotaibi, Rachid EL Kaim Billah, Lahoucine Bahsis, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7028868/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 19 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of Environmental Research → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research introduces a novel biocomposite synthesized by incorporating diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-C) with natural hydroxyapatite (Hap) derived from fish scales, designed for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from water. Comprehensive characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, TGA, and BET analyses to elucidate the interactions and complexation between Hap and DEAE-C. Batch adsorption experiments assessed the effect of contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration, pH, and temperature. Adsorption equilibrium conformed to the Langmuir model, with a maximum uptake (qmax) of 147.7 mg g−1 at 25°C. Kinetic studies indicated a pseudo first order model for adsorption, while thermodynamic analysis revealed the process to be endothermic and spontaneous. Mechanistic insights, derived from theoretical calculations and XPS analysis, identified ion exchange and electrostatic interactions as the predominant mechanisms. The DEAE-C–Hap composite exhibited outstanding adsorption properties, underscoring its potential for practical applications in wastewater treatment. In conclusion, the cellulose composite containing natural hydroxyapatite exhibited excellent adsorption properties for heavy metal remediation. Fish scale Biocomposites Heavy metals Adsorption Models DFT Full Text Supplementary Files ResearchHighlights.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 19 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of Environmental Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revisions 17 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Jul, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Jul, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 04 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7028868","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":481262613,"identity":"b9f00aba-ae6d-4f75-878e-d05f2fdca554","order_by":0,"name":"Jari Algethami","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYGxgNAOgHIbHwAFjpAWAtIjQFIS7MBUVqgakBaGNgkiNLC3H/4wcEvFX/y+KcdbqsubGOQ47uRwPzhBz6HzUgzOCxzxqBY4nZi2+2ZbQzGkjcS2CR78GphMDgs2WaQ2ADSwtvGkLgBqIWBB5+W/uMfDkv+M0icD9RSDNRSD9TC/PEPPi0NOQYHPzYYJG4AamEGakkwuJHAII3Xlhk5BYcZjhknbryd2CzNc07CcOaZh23SMni0GPYf3/jwR41c4rzb6Q8/85TZyPMdTz788Q0+LQ3AgEZyhgQDJHrxAHmQEnyxMApGwSgYBaOAAQD+FFdqfML/cwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-5972","institution":"Najran University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jari","middleName":"","lastName":"Algethami","suffix":""},{"id":481262614,"identity":"a35ba56e-629a-42ad-b523-21e8573ac21e","order_by":1,"name":"Abdullah N. 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