Magma Dynamics and Cooling in Sub-volcanic intrusions: Insights on eruption potential from Finite Element Modeling

Magma Dynamics and Cooling in Sub-volcanic intrusions: Insights on eruption potential from Finite Element Modeling | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Magma Dynamics and Cooling in Sub-volcanic intrusions: Insights on eruption potential from Finite Element Modeling Erika Ronchin, Adelina Geyer Traver, Steffi Burchardt, Christoph Hieronymus, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8173420/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The emplacement of high-viscosity magma at shallow crustal levels involves a risk for volcanic eruptions but may also produce accessible heat sources for geothermal exploration. Assessing the volcanic risk and the geothermal potential of newly forming and existing sub-volcanic intrusions requires an understanding of their growth and subsequent cooling dynamics. Unfortunately, these processes cannot be directly observed in nature, instead modelling can deliver useful insights. Here, we present a series of axisymmetric Finite Element Method (FEM) models that simulate the dynamics of magma movement and cooling during the formation of a shallow cryptodome inflating from a sill. The melt and solid fraction and temperature-dependent physical properties of the crystallizing magma are determined by simulations conducted with the Rhyolite-MELTS code. The results of the FEM models allow us to investigate the role of magma influx rate on the fluid dynamics and magma cooling inside the intrusion during and after magma influx. We conclude that magma inflow dynamics governs the volume and distribution of eruptible magma, as well as the duration for which the magma remains sufficiently hot to either be remobilised for an eruption or used as heat source for geothermal energy production. These results advance our understanding of the hidden processes that occur in growing and cooling subvolcanic intrusions in nature. numerical modelling FEM magma emplacement sill laccolith cryptodome Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SITable1.pdf SITable2.xlsx SITable3.xlsx SITable4.pdf SIFigureS1.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 30 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 30 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 21 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8173420","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":554253894,"identity":"8c8ff654-5481-450a-aebb-bab2891077ec","order_by":0,"name":"Erika Ronchin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sapienza University of Rome","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Erika","middleName":"","lastName":"Ronchin","suffix":""},{"id":554253896,"identity":"c8a1456c-e68c-4d7f-b71b-4e5d0e659aaa","order_by":1,"name":"Adelina Geyer Traver","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"GEO3BCN, 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Assessing the volcanic risk and the geothermal potential of newly forming and existing sub-volcanic intrusions requires an understanding of their growth and subsequent cooling dynamics. Unfortunately, these processes cannot be directly observed in nature, instead modelling can deliver useful insights. Here, we present a series of axisymmetric Finite Element Method (FEM) models that simulate the dynamics of magma movement and cooling during the formation of a shallow cryptodome inflating from a sill. The melt and solid fraction and temperature-dependent physical properties of the crystallizing magma are determined by simulations conducted with the Rhyolite-MELTS code. The results of the FEM models allow us to investigate the role of magma influx rate on the fluid dynamics and magma cooling inside the intrusion during and after magma influx. We conclude that magma inflow dynamics governs the volume and distribution of eruptible magma, as well as the duration for which the magma remains sufficiently hot to either be remobilised for an eruption or used as heat source for geothermal energy production. These results advance our understanding of the hidden processes that occur in growing and cooling subvolcanic intrusions in nature.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Magma Dynamics and Cooling in Sub-volcanic intrusions: Insights on eruption potential from Finite Element Modeling","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-04 15:30:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8173420/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-06T15:06:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-30T17:59:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"196289687128315216070963752778291801143","date":"2025-12-30T09:31:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-18T14:47:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"64228067113723707458832080727840076307","date":"2025-12-10T09:02:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-02T19:04:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-30T07:16:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-25T08:17:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Bulletin of Volcanology","date":"2025-11-21T11:58:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bulletin-of-volcanology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"buvo","sideBox":"Learn more about [Bulletin of Volcanology](http://link.springer.com/journal/445)","snPcode":"445","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/buvo/default2.aspx","title":"Bulletin of Volcanology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8d509f12-5f3d-421d-8758-4089473d0b77","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-06T15:11:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-04 15:30:02","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8173420","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8173420","identity":"rs-8173420","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}