Examining Photon Redshift Contributions to Galactic and Cosmic Phenomena

Examining Photon Redshift Contributions to Galactic and Cosmic Phenomena | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Examining Photon Redshift Contributions to Galactic and Cosmic Phenomena David Charles This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6123066/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study explores how photon energy loss through redshift might generate spacetime, potentially offering a fresh take on galactic rotation curves, the Tully-Fisher relation (L proportional to v^4), exponential stellar density profiles (density proportional to e^(-r/h)), galactic disk expansion, and cosmic expansion (H_0 approximately 73 km/s/Mpc), reducing reliance on dark matter and energy. Picture photons shaping spacetime: over 13.8 billion years, their energy (about 1.65 × 10^55 J per galaxy) converts via a coupling constant k_s = 6.23 × 10^ 28 m·s. Data from 20 spiral galaxies show strong fits (R^2 > 0.95, p < 0.001) for rotation velocities, growth rates, and luminosity trends within ±10% of observations. While coupling constants need deeper derivation, this approach suggests a possible alternative to ΛCDM across scales. Astrophysics and Cosmology Hubble Dark Matter Dark Energy Photon galaxy cosmos Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6123066","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":421933468,"identity":"a8f3e988-c1d7-4d3f-a896-3b8c11c37924","order_by":0,"name":"David Charles","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABG0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCA0DEA6T5GEBkAQMDP0g0oYAILWxgLQYMDJINIC0G+LUwoGgxAIkw4NHCd/yM4YG3O+wS29jPHvxcYWBjb3x+deKHBwYM8vxiB7BqkTyTY3Bw7pnkxDaevGTJMwZpidtuvN0sAXSY4czZCVi1GBxISzjM28ac2CbBYyDZYHA4wezG2Q0gLQkGt3FoOf8MpKUepMX4Z4PBf3vjGWc3/8Cr5UbyAaCWwyAtZkBbDjBu4O/dhtcWyRuPDwD9cty4jSfHzLLBIDlxxg3ebRYJBhI4/cJ3PrH5w9sd1bL97GeMbzZU2Nnz95/dfPNHhY08vzR2LWDA2IDMkwCrlMCtHFML/wH8qkfBKBgFo2DEAQDfK2YB49kKTwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0512-0729","institution":"David Charles","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"David","middleName":"","lastName":"Charles","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-27 17:25:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6123066/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6123066/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":77558339,"identity":"d15cb6f0-52db-49a6-91d3-571940484d57","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 06:09:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":198584,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PaperResearchSquareV3.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6123066/v1_covered_dbda9d57-88de-4e57-bd6c-05f3bec956c9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eExamining Photon Redshift Contributions to Galactic and Cosmic Phenomena\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Private Researcher","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Hubble, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Photon, galaxy, cosmos","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6123066/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6123066/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study explores how photon energy loss through redshift might generate spacetime, \u0026nbsp;potentially offering a fresh take on galactic rotation curves, the Tully-Fisher relation (L \u0026nbsp;proportional to v^4), exponential stellar density profiles (density proportional to e^(-r/h)), \u0026nbsp;galactic disk expansion, and cosmic expansion (H_0 approximately 73 km/s/Mpc), reducing \u0026nbsp;reliance on dark matter and energy. Picture photons shaping spacetime: over 13.8 billion years, \u0026nbsp;their energy (about 1.65 × 10^55 J per galaxy) converts via a coupling constant k_s = 6.23 × 10^ 28 m·s. Data from 20 spiral galaxies show strong fits (R^2 \u0026gt; 0.95, p \u0026lt; 0.001) for rotation \u0026nbsp;velocities, growth rates, and luminosity trends within ±10% of observations. While coupling \u0026nbsp;constants need deeper derivation, this approach suggests a possible alternative to ΛCDM \u0026nbsp;across scales.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Examining Photon Redshift Contributions to Galactic and Cosmic Phenomena","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-03 06:01:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6123066/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b3c08fda-6506-487e-aa11-bbb867f4cb16","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 3rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":44976711,"name":"Astrophysics and Cosmology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-03-03T06:01:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-03 06:01:43","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6123066","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6123066","identity":"rs-6123066","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}