The Longitudinal and Horizontal Comparisons of Systems—Further Verifying the Objectivity of the Role of the “Underlying Protocol (B=f[S,F])”

Through longitudinal comparisons of the same country or political regime under different systems, as well as horizontal comparisons of the same ethnic group (sharing common roots) under different political regimes, this study reveals the inherent connection between the balance of the people’s demands for self-interest and fairness (B=f[S,F]) and a nation’s fate. This inherent connection constitutes a universal historical and social phenomenon, thereby further verifying the objectivity of the role of the "Underlying Protocol".