Impact of Gestational Weight Gain on Maternal and Neonatal Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

We aim to explore the association between gestational weight gain and adverse events during pregnancy. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the perinatal outcomes in singleton women whose weight gain during pregnancy was below, within, or above the 2009 Institute of Medicine's (IOM) guidelines, and delivered between 24 and 42 weeks’ gestation. GWG was derived using weight at delivery minus the pre-pregnancy or first trimester weight. Our results indicated that mothers with low GWG had increased odds of having small-for-gestational-age neonates (adjusted OR 1.202; 95% CI 1.031-1.403), and preterm birth (adjusted OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.769-2.439), but decreased odds of having macrosomia (adjusted OR 0.523; 95% CI 0.24-0.991). Meanwhile, mothers with GWG above the IOM recommendations had higher odds of having hypertensive disease of pregnancy (adjusted OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.314-3.535), gestational diabetes (adjusted OR 1.227; 95% CI 1.038-1.448), cesarean section (adjusted OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.279-1.512), induced labor (adjusted OR 1. 219; 95% CI 1.051-1.409), failure of induced labor (adjusted OR 1.432; 95% CI 1.03-1.992), macrosomia (adjusted OR 1.987; 95% CI 1.384-2.725), and shoulder dystocia (adjusted OR 1.715; 95% CI 1.292-2.18. In conclusion, GWG is an important predictor of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes during pregnancy.