Apium graveolens and Eucalyptus globulus Decrease Stress and Protect Folliculogenesis Marker on Woman Reproductive Health during COVID-19 Pandemic

Revi Gama Hatta Novika, Nurul Jannatul Wahidah, Nanda Yuli Rahmawati, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori
In: Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy · 2022 · doi:10.22146/ijp.4511 · W4313440458
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

Apium graveolens and Eucalyptus globulus reduced stress markers and protected folliculogenesis markers, including increased LH and GDF-9, in women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 ⓘ

This randomized controlled experimental trial assessed whether Apium graveolens supplementation (300 mg capsules) plus Eucalyptus globulus essential oil for 14 days would reduce stress and modulate reproductive stress and folliculogenesis-related biomarkers in 60 Indonesian women reporting stress (DASS-21), with a placebo control group. After the intervention, the treatment group showed decreased stress levels and reduced HSP70 and TNF-α, along with increased LH and increased GDF-9 compared with control, including a reported association between decreased TNF-α and increased LH. The paper’s key limitation is that it uses pre-post measurements with a relatively small sample size and does not provide broader mechanistic or long-term reproductive outcome assessment beyond these biomarkers. Relevance to endometriosis: the study is included because it centers on stress and female reproductive markers (HSP70, TNF-α, LH, GDF-9) during COVID-19, pathways that are discussed in the broader endometriosis-research corpus, although endometriosis or adenomyosis are not explicitly discussed.

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Abstract

Stress during the COVID-19 pandemic affects the physiological and immunological response to women's reproductive health. Eucalyptus globulus and Apium graveolens are immunomodulators related to women's reproductive health. This study aimed to investigate E. globulus and A. graveolens towards the expression of Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as stress markers, luteinizing hormone (LH), and Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF-9) as folliculogenesis markers. This study was an experimental randomized controlled trial using a pre-posttest control group design. Sixty women of reproductive health age who had stress based on the DASS-21 questionnaire were divided into two groups at area of Nusukan Health Center, Indonesia. The intervention group was given 300 mg A. graveolens capsules orally and E. globulus essential oil for 14 days. The control group was given a placebo. Blood samples and stress levels were evaluated before and after the intervention to determine the effect of the intervention. There was no difference in stress levels in the control and treatment groups at pre-test. The intervention group decreased HSP70, TNF-α, and stress levels (p<0.001). A significantly decreased TNF-α increased LH level (p<0.001). Moreover, LH and GDF-9 levels increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). In summary, A. graveolens supplementation and E. globulus essential oil decreased stress and protected folliculogenesis markers on women's reproductive health due to stressful conditions during pandemic COVID-19.

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