Impact of lifestyle modification practices and pharmacogenetics of ACE I/D gene polymorphism in grade 1 hypertensive patient

Abstract Background Hypertension is a chronic disease, prevalence of which is gradually increasing in the society. It causes disease burden for a country especially in low and middle-income countries. The present study aimed at analysing the impact of lifestyle modification practices and role of pharmacogenetics of anti-hypertensive drugs in hypertensive patients susceptible to ACE I/D polymorphisms. Methods A hospital-based cross- sectional study was done on 447 hypertensive patients with age > 20 years, both gender, grade 1 hypertensive patient with and without co-morbid diseases taking anti-hypertensive drug for more than one year were included in the behavioural modification practise study. By convenience sampling method, 100 hypertensive patient taking amlodipine (5 mg/day) or telmisartan (20 mg/day) for more than one year were recruited for the pharmacogenetic study along with 100 healthy volunteers. Results Patients who practiced various lifestyle modification were seen to have good control (p < 0.05) of hypertension. ACE I/D gene polymorphism was significantly (p = 0.04) associated with hypertension when compared to control subjects. The distribution of the study subjects showed deviation from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (p = 0.001). Amlodipine (5 mg/day) in ACE II and telmisartan (20 mg/day) in ACE DD genotype showed better control of blood pressure. Conclusion The present study gave a silhouette that modification in lifestyle and individualized drug therapy plays a vital role in controlling blood pressure in grade 1 hypertensive patients.