Observation of quantized vortex in atomic Bose-Einstein condensate at Dirac point

Observation of quantized vortex in atomic Bose-Einstein condensate at Dirac point | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Observation of quantized vortex in atomic Bose-Einstein condensate at Dirac point Jing zhang, Yunda Li, Wei Han, Zengming Meng, Wenxin Yang, Cheng Chin This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5805774/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Photonics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract When two or more energy bands become degenerate at a singular point in the momentum space, such singularity, or ``Dirac points", gives rise to intriguing quantum phenomena as well as unusual material properties. Systems at the Dirac points can possess topological charges and their unique properties can be probed by various methods, such as transport measurement, interferometry and momentum spectroscopy. While the topology of Dirac point in the momentum space is well studied theoretically, observation of topological defects in a many-body quantum systems at Dirac point remain an elusive goal. Based on atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a graphene-like optical honeycomb lattice, we directly observe emergence of quantized vortices at the Dirac point. The phase diagram of lattice bosons at the Dirac point is revealed. Our work provides a new way of generating vortices in a quantum gas, and the method is generic and can be applied to different types of optical lattices with topological singularity, especially topological flat band near Dirac point for twisted bilayer optical lattices. Physical sciences/Physics/Atomic and molecular physics Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Photonics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5805774","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":414866582,"identity":"51856e0e-5e17-4140-abfd-80d07a20ed1c","order_by":0,"name":"Jing zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYeEPWfmR/CZyZaCzO7ZAOxWhgYIFr4DQ4Qq4W5/+zBzwW/2KSNz58xk2CosE5sYD97gIDDziVLz+zjMTa7kZYmwXAmPbGBJy8Bv5bGHgNp3h6JZLMbzMckGNsOJzZI8Bjg19LMY/ybt8egfnP/wTYJxn/EaGnjMZPm+ZHAbMCQDLSlgRgtPTxm1rwNB5glbqQlWyQcSzdu48nBr8Ww/4zxbZ4/B5j5+88Y3vhQYy3bz36GgJYGsOugvAQgZsOrHgjkweQfQspGwSgYBaNgRAMAJ/c/qW9DWL0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9517-3438","institution":"Shanxi University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jing","middleName":"","lastName":"zhang","suffix":""},{"id":414866583,"identity":"b65bfccc-bdf1-402b-83c3-64829ffd6f47","order_by":1,"name":"Yunda Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yunda","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":414866584,"identity":"e2ccc87e-a33e-49a1-a530-50f308bebec8","order_by":2,"name":"Wei Han","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Han","suffix":""},{"id":414866585,"identity":"8e012b62-d483-4dbb-aeef-6a20aa26b4e6","order_by":3,"name":"Zengming Meng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zengming","middleName":"","lastName":"Meng","suffix":""},{"id":414866586,"identity":"e44db6a5-c6f5-4092-bdc6-c0d1d4b617f1","order_by":4,"name":"Wenxin Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wenxin","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":414866587,"identity":"0525136d-590b-4281-a072-157eb49aa6e8","order_by":5,"name":"Cheng Chin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Chicago","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Chin","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-10 18:30:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5805774/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5805774/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-025-01763-5","type":"published","date":"2025-09-29T04:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92473418,"identity":"efa2fe6d-2975-44ff-8939-67344a487ade","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 07:06:13","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":10280822,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"vortex21last.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5805774/v1_covered_87538627-872c-4d6b-a23e-a0c58d0d5c77.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Observation of quantized vortex in atomic Bose-Einstein condensate at Dirac point","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5805774/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5805774/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"When two or more energy bands become degenerate at a singular point in the momentum space, such singularity, or ``Dirac points\", gives rise to intriguing quantum phenomena as well as unusual material properties. 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