NiO Nanoparticles: A Highly Efficient Catalyst For One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Pyrano[2, 3-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives in Green Media

Abstract In this paper NiO nanoparticles are utilized for effective strengthening of annulated pyrano [2, 3- d] pyrimidine synthesis through primary Knoevenagel, the following Micheal and ultimate heterocyclization reactions of aldehyde, malononitrile and barbituric acid. The NiO nanoparticles characteristics are identified through using advanced techniques like IR, UV, EDX, XRD, SEM and TEM. The nano-NiO particles are mostly of below < 100 nm sizes with uniform sphere shapes. The adopted approach is advantages due to its simple processing, relatively short reaction time, often good to high average yields, convenient workability, and environmental friendliness.