Healthcare-seeking Pattern of Rural Mozambican Mothers in the Aftermath of 15 Years Protracted Civil War: A Multistage Cluster Sampling Study

preprint OA: closed CC-BY-4.0
📄 Open PDF Full text JSON View at publisher
AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-24 · read from full text

This preprint investigated rural Mozambican mothers’ knowledge, perceptions, and healthcare-seeking patterns for maternal and child illnesses in the post–15-year civil war context, using a multistage cluster sample of 300 households. Mothers’ recognition of symptoms and their beliefs about causalities were assessed for diarrhea, malaria, and acute respiratory infection, and healthcare-seeking proportions were examined across available sources. The study found that mothers could identify symptoms, but all believed illnesses had natural and/or supernatural causes, with over 40% seeking care exclusively from traditional healers (curandeiros) for each illness, particularly for those perceived as having supernatural links. The authors note this work is presented as a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Abstract Study objectives : Reports on perception and healthcare-seeking pattern of Mozambican mothers in the aftermath of 15 years protracted civil war are missing; which, might over/underrate health programs assessing changes or evaluating success in rural Mozambique. This study aimed to: (i) assess the knowledge and perception of mothers on mother and child illnesses in rural communities of Mozambique in the aftermath of 15 years long civil war, (ii) estimate the prevalence of mother and child illnesses in affected communities, (iii) examine and compare proportions of mother healthcare seeking practices for mother and child illnesses among existing facilities. Methods: Clusters sampling approach was used to select 300 households. Proportions of mothers were estimated by types of assistance received at birth of their youngest child. The prevalence of diarrhea, malaria and ARI were assessed including percentages of mothers who recognized symptoms and causalities of these illnesses. Mothers’ healthcare seeking practices among available sources were examined and, compared between groups/subgroups. Results: While mothers had no problem identifying symptoms of maternal and child illnesses, they all believed that illnesses had natural and/or supernatural causalities. Proportion of mothers who sought healthcare exclusively from traditional healer (curandeiros) exceeded 40% in every illness studied but was relatively higher in illnesses linked to supernatural causalities. Conclusions: These findings suggest while curandeiros were the main healthcare providers in the area, there is potential for effective use of existing healthcare services. Intervention programs aiming at improving the use of healthcare services in cultural communities should address superstitious perceptions of disease causations.
Full text 16,091 characters · extracted from preprint-html · click to expand
Healthcare-seeking Pattern of Rural Mozambican Mothers in the Aftermath of 15 Years Protracted Civil War: A Multistage Cluster Sampling Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Healthcare-seeking Pattern of Rural Mozambican Mothers in the Aftermath of 15 Years Protracted Civil War: A Multistage Cluster Sampling Study jose Gaby Tshikuka, Ngoyi Kashiba Zacharie Bukonda, Paty Patient Pyana, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9182408/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 17 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Study objectives : Reports on perception and healthcare-seeking pattern of Mozambican mothers in the aftermath of 15 years protracted civil war are missing; which, might over/underrate health programs assessing changes or evaluating success in rural Mozambique. This study aimed to: (i) assess the knowledge and perception of mothers on mother and child illnesses in rural communities of Mozambique in the aftermath of 15 years long civil war, (ii) estimate the prevalence of mother and child illnesses in affected communities, (iii) examine and compare proportions of mother healthcare seeking practices for mother and child illnesses among existing facilities. Methods: Clusters sampling approach was used to select 300 households. Proportions of mothers were estimated by types of assistance received at birth of their youngest child. The prevalence of diarrhea, malaria and ARI were assessed including percentages of mothers who recognized symptoms and causalities of these illnesses. Mothers’ healthcare seeking practices among available sources were examined and, compared between groups/subgroups. Results: While mothers had no problem identifying symptoms of maternal and child illnesses, they all believed that illnesses had natural and/or supernatural causalities. Proportion of mothers who sought healthcare exclusively from traditional healer (curandeiros) exceeded 40% in every illness studied but was relatively higher in illnesses linked to supernatural causalities. Conclusions: These findings suggest while curandeiros were the main healthcare providers in the area, there is potential for effective use of existing healthcare services. Intervention programs aiming at improving the use of healthcare services in cultural communities should address superstitious perceptions of disease causations. Maringwe Mozambique Malaria Diarrhea Acute Respiratory Infection Healthcare-seeking pattern Curandeiros Health-Posts Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 13 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 07 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 06 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 03 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 01 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 24 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 20 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9182408","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":618854011,"identity":"1971b3cd-1406-4297-9c4e-9bbd112d7040","order_by":0,"name":"jose Gaby Tshikuka","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYGNoaEAwwGDOwNQK6BBRFa2mBaeA6AtEgQYQ0bEDKAtEgkgLhEaGGe3/7swYMzh435Zz6/uuFHgQQDf3t3AgGH8ZgbJNw4bCZxO6fsZg/QYRJnzm4gpIVNIuHDYRuG2zlpN3iAWgwkcglpYX8G1iJ/80zazT/EaWEwkwA5zOAG+7HbRNqSA9RyJt3Y8EwO220ZAwkegn4xbD7+TPLHMWvDecePP7v55o+NHH97LwEtDXAmjwGYxKscBOQRTPYHBFWPglEwCkbByAQAyFhK8c0mCx8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"National Pedagogical University of DRC Congo","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"jose","middleName":"Gaby","lastName":"Tshikuka","suffix":""},{"id":618854012,"identity":"94a931b1-e2e5-463b-8259-bdc915077925","order_by":1,"name":"Ngoyi Kashiba Zacharie Bukonda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Pedagogical University of DRC Congo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ngoyi","middleName":"Kashiba Zacharie","lastName":"Bukonda","suffix":""},{"id":618854013,"identity":"ec926ff5-7699-4075-a379-5b47d6cecfc8","order_by":2,"name":"Paty Patient Pyana","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Pedagogical University of DRC Congo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Paty","middleName":"Patient","lastName":"Pyana","suffix":""},{"id":618854014,"identity":"6614df08-d1eb-43ef-a1a7-9b6d3152b5e3","order_by":3,"name":"Shimless Hamda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shimless","middleName":"","lastName":"Hamda","suffix":""},{"id":618854015,"identity":"e73ced13-9e6f-4a77-9a57-201473c45dd8","order_by":4,"name":"Armando Cungwara","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Armando","middleName":"","lastName":"Cungwara","suffix":""},{"id":618854016,"identity":"6ce03681-3401-480d-9d54-ec53bcbb6ee2","order_by":5,"name":"Nene Novi Kabyahura","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Pedagogical University of DRC Congo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nene","middleName":"Novi","lastName":"Kabyahura","suffix":""},{"id":618854017,"identity":"caaed337-38be-477e-adfc-b5b60ccb4b20","order_by":6,"name":"Bibi Esperence Mengema","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bibi","middleName":"Esperence","lastName":"Mengema","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-21 00:53:03","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9182408/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9182408/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106404744,"identity":"3e6ba44f-7383-47b3-ad65-e39ac5b1cb8d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 09:16:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":342685,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript20032026..pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9182408/v1_covered_c0facfdf-cda4-4a0e-bbd5-2d49ffe9eec8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eHealthcare-seeking Pattern of Rural Mozambican Mothers in the Aftermath of 15 Years Protracted Civil War: A Multistage Cluster Sampling Study\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Public Health](https://link.springer.com/journal/12982)","snPcode":"12982","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12982/3","title":"Discover Public Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Maringwe, Mozambique, Malaria, Diarrhea, Acute Respiratory Infection, Healthcare-seeking pattern, Curandeiros, Health-Posts","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9182408/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9182408/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudy objectives\u003c/strong\u003e: Reports on perception and healthcare-seeking pattern of Mozambican mothers in the aftermath of 15 years protracted civil war are missing; which, might over/underrate health programs assessing changes or evaluating success in rural Mozambique. This study aimed to: (i) assess the knowledge and perception of mothers on mother and child illnesses in rural communities of Mozambique in the aftermath of 15 years long civil war, (ii) estimate the prevalence of mother and child illnesses in affected communities, (iii) examine and compare proportions of mother healthcare seeking practices for mother and child illnesses among existing facilities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eClusters sampling approach was used to select 300 households. Proportions of mothers were estimated by types of assistance received at birth of their youngest child. The prevalence of diarrhea, malaria and ARI were assessed including percentages of mothers who recognized symptoms and causalities of these illnesses. Mothers’ healthcare seeking practices among available sources were examined and, compared between groups/subgroups.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eWhile mothers had no problem identifying symptoms of maternal and child illnesses, they all believed that illnesses had natural and/or supernatural causalities. Proportion of mothers who sought healthcare exclusively from traditional healer (curandeiros) exceeded 40% in every illness studied but was relatively higher in illnesses linked to supernatural causalities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions: \u003c/strong\u003eThese findings suggest while curandeiros were the main healthcare providers in the area, there is potential for effective use of existing healthcare services. Intervention programs aiming at improving the use of healthcare services in cultural communities should address superstitious perceptions of disease causations.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Healthcare-seeking Pattern of Rural Mozambican Mothers in the Aftermath of 15 Years Protracted Civil War: A Multistage Cluster Sampling Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-08 04:28:40","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9182408/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-04-13T16:49:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-07T10:25:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-06T04:20:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-04T11:52:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-03T22:39:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-02T23:48:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"296460471489546433602844390178649294530","date":"2026-04-02T21:44:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"162679372307642287365698129053691004161","date":"2026-04-02T09:50:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"16995308916044605161965051056178201437","date":"2026-04-02T09:47:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"185684549019180369250964153691639471387","date":"2026-04-02T09:23:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"247437455739294073357147521931583736104","date":"2026-04-02T08:20:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"219858310785103837920219102813606699803","date":"2026-04-02T07:52:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-02T07:20:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-01T19:47:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-24T12:28:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-24T12:27:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Public Health","date":"2026-03-21T00:35:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Public Health](https://link.springer.com/journal/12982)","snPcode":"12982","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12982/3","title":"Discover Public Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cb339904-df82-4018-987e-4d9bc59474f2","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 8th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-13T16:55:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-08 04:28:40","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9182408","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9182408","identity":"rs-9182408","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: preprint-html

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2026) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-20T01:45:00.602351+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-05-22T02:00:06.705733+00:00
License: CC-BY-4.0