Probability wave is a real wave, a double helix electrical field carried by the charged elementary particle and the nuclei

preprint OA: closed CC-BY-4.0
📄 Open PDF View at publisher

Abstract

Steven Weinberg, one of the founders of the Standard Model of Physics, asked years ago [1] is the wave function of quantum mechanics real, or is it just used by scientists to calculate? We try to find the answer. We study the general solution of the Schrödinger equation mathematically. We will prove that for satisfying the Schrödinger equation, the particle should possess a helical structure of mass density. Then we will prove further that (i) charged elementary particles and atomic nucleus fall into two categories: they have charge or, but different directions of charges helices, like right-handed electron and left-handed electron etc. (ii) Charge (or) distributes double helically on the particle side boundary. It generates and carries a double helix external electric field with the same velocity. (iii) This E-wave will be proved is just the de Broglie wave. (iv) Its function is particle’s state function in quantum mechanics. (v) Charged particle itself and the de Broglie E -wave it carries form a particle-wave hybrid structure. The E -wave exhibits all the possible states and probabilities; as for the particle itself it can take only one basis state randomly, such as at an eigen state in the atom and molecular or at a point on the interference pattern. (vi) The orbital motion of an electron in the lower energy layers of atom and molecule does not radiate EM energy to collapse into the nucleus. (vii) Self-interference of the hybrid structure can better explain the single particle double-slit interference

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. The paper's references may be in our DB but unresolved to ``paper_id`` (resolution happens at ingest when the cited DOI matches a row we already have). Run the cross-source citation reconcile pass to retry.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-19T01:45:01.086888+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-05-22T02:00:06.705733+00:00
License: CC-BY-4.0