Professional Development Needs of School Science Laboratory Personnel: Insights From A Rasch Analysis

Professional Development Needs of School Science Laboratory Personnel: Insights From A Rasch Analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Professional Development Needs of School Science Laboratory Personnel: Insights From A Rasch Analysis Jaka Afriana, Anna Permanasari, Sri Setyaningsih, Irfan Maulana Sidik, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8215088/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Science laboratories are an important component of inquiry-based learning, but School Science Laboratory Personnel (SSLP) often go unnoticed in educational research and capacity-building policies. This condition creates a gap between the demands of safe and effective laboratory practices and the laboratory management competencies available in schools. This study aims to map the competency profile of SSLPs in Indonesia and identify evidence-based professional development needs to strengthen their role in science education. Using the design of the explanatory mixed method, this study involved 252 junior high school science teachers who were concurrently laboratory managers. Rasch's analysis showed that the 29-point instrument had strong validity and reliability, while the competencies of quality documentation management, chemical handling, and waste management emerged as the most difficult areas. Basic laboratory competencies and occupational safety are relatively more mastered. Analysis of differences in item function indicated minimal gender bias, but more pronounced variations emerged based on work experience. The qualitative findings confirm consistent administrative and technical challenges, particularly related to chemical inventories and hazardous waste procedures. Based on data synthesis, this study proposes an Evidence-Based Laboratory Management Training Model that emphasizes competency priorities, gradual training levels, participant differentiation, and Rasch-based evaluation. These findings provide an empirical basis for the development of SSLP capacity-building policies and contribute to efforts to realize safer, professional, and equitable school laboratory practices. Health sciences/Health occupations Biological sciences/Psychology Social science/Psychology Laboratory Management Training Model Model Rasch Professional Development School Science Laboratory Personnel Science Laboratory Competencies Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 28 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 19 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 09 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 30 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 27 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 27 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8215088","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":572876155,"identity":"b78fdd2f-4d36-47ab-8101-2e3abf76f50a","order_by":0,"name":"Jaka Afriana","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Pakuan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jaka","middleName":"","lastName":"Afriana","suffix":""},{"id":572876160,"identity":"6f120ea4-d5b3-45ee-9cc5-463e02d786a3","order_by":1,"name":"Anna Permanasari","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Pakuan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anna","middleName":"","lastName":"Permanasari","suffix":""},{"id":572876161,"identity":"7963ed7f-832f-441b-845b-979e2ceef9ce","order_by":2,"name":"Sri Setyaningsih","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Pakuan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sri","middleName":"","lastName":"Setyaningsih","suffix":""},{"id":572876164,"identity":"68bf2356-a118-4a82-9297-601925f47d2a","order_by":3,"name":"Irfan Maulana Sidik","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Pakuan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Irfan","middleName":"Maulana","lastName":"Sidik","suffix":""},{"id":572876170,"identity":"f21af470-8058-4e7d-8e94-a5c92b16ca4d","order_by":4,"name":"Ismail Ismail","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indonesia University of Education","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ismail","middleName":"","lastName":"Ismail","suffix":""},{"id":572876172,"identity":"d343a56e-83b6-479a-80d6-35b9112c223f","order_by":5,"name":"Dessy Norma Juita","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Pakuan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dessy","middleName":"Norma","lastName":"Juita","suffix":""},{"id":572876173,"identity":"81aedb7b-95f8-428a-b334-b897395d9db3","order_by":6,"name":"Iin Iryance","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Pakuan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Iin","middleName":"","lastName":"Iryance","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-26 16:53:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8215088/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8215088/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100368760,"identity":"b53ea72b-ef0b-49ec-98d4-ef083f048b00","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:19","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":534192,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptJakaAfrianaetalwithoutauthors.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/cb6ea7149f4366e5db99646b.docx"},{"id":100173364,"identity":"2fd975a6-4e1f-4c85-9f21-aaf103d06480","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 17:13:24","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8926,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"b6e3e730c1b0420087657ab44fa8df63.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/a0ee680211639cf77b499b59.json"},{"id":100173368,"identity":"a6c96307-43a2-4e1a-af50-7d71ee3f0e7c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 17:13:24","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":214244,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"b6e3e730c1b0420087657ab44fa8df631enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/7991b4d891872dfd2a2022fe.xml"},{"id":100173365,"identity":"2aa735bb-4f5a-4688-9529-90af74757f5c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 17:13:24","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":56751,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/ab3069f86f95473904e40903.png"},{"id":100173366,"identity":"6b842057-4bbd-4bd5-81ae-a841d15ba7c9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 17:13:24","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8628,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/c3ac07cec2ce2eb53b73e7aa.png"},{"id":100369043,"identity":"d6e6d0a2-c651-4e13-871b-9bd5b22a987d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:38","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":334686,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/205fd2ff03bf128d72b07e8a.jpeg"},{"id":100368987,"identity":"315fd285-7dec-405b-b162-bfe51dcb9280","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:36","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":11646,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/9c5f706ab6f8c342e56905be.png"},{"id":100173370,"identity":"2541f747-73f1-4fa1-ac71-c57fae54a9e9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 17:13:24","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":100301,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/da12e36a45983ef2cd551932.png"},{"id":100173374,"identity":"5eedeeac-978e-4186-b3b9-56f46f64e9bd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 17:13:24","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":87718,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/570178ba9cc403b4142216ee.png"},{"id":100369009,"identity":"cf3db6fc-4f22-4322-aba5-36f5146879e7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:36","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":105876,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/70dbbe32e0cdd0a19784b34c.png"},{"id":100368723,"identity":"071fab67-c72a-4666-abf1-fb072ed19824","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:18","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":20467,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/2685bff4cffa099dff02f95a.png"},{"id":100368795,"identity":"a485d2b6-9dd7-44a4-a03d-d7d30e47b81a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:22","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":8384,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/a021c632eeca09eebb49778a.png"},{"id":100173377,"identity":"0e188141-a408-478b-9cf5-0f96ecdecddb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 17:13:24","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":86393,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/10fd29e247d8898985d25e29.png"},{"id":100173378,"identity":"43ca4722-570d-4dbb-bb06-d39ea9295124","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 17:13:24","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10925,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/cc927b19215b8803465a5357.png"},{"id":100368057,"identity":"0f9df327-6b4d-4f1a-ba52-b4a6ce9e4644","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:57:32","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":43884,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/8d5f54a40b39ccbaffd86d31.png"},{"id":100369135,"identity":"7799ab87-2e55-44fc-8931-fdd69c9a7855","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:43","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":36825,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/2cb10cbb8126d36b1e3ca9e6.png"},{"id":100369051,"identity":"fb3cfd34-1d6e-4f69-8937-128317c6ffd7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:39","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14331,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/c87b81fa94745c2d1afe82af.png"},{"id":100368938,"identity":"670ecca9-0e7b-4c89-bc7d-a14df08f0f6e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 07:58:32","extension":"xml","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":209986,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"b6e3e730c1b0420087657ab44fa8df631structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/aaa3574bc226272a49f8063d.xml"},{"id":100173381,"identity":"ca96dacf-fc69-404b-baf0-4d999f916679","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 17:13:24","extension":"html","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":222352,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1/3a839680fd9d2e94f90f4793.html"},{"id":100382557,"identity":"d4aa1f41-6e90-4aff-9fc9-838babe31c79","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-16 10:43:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":817808,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptJakaAfrianaetalwithoutauthors.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8215088/v1_covered_fadaa484-de7e-43ca-8ccb-03211e0f6347.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Professional Development Needs of School Science Laboratory Personnel: Insights From A Rasch Analysis","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"humanities-and-social-sciences-communications","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"palcomms","sideBox":"Learn more about [Humanities \u0026 Social Sciences Communications](http://www.nature.com/palcomms/)","snPcode":"41599","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/41599/3","title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Nature AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Laboratory Management Training Model, Model Rasch, Professional Development, School Science Laboratory Personnel, Science Laboratory Competencies","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8215088/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8215088/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eScience laboratories are an important component of inquiry-based learning, but School Science Laboratory Personnel (SSLP) often go unnoticed in educational research and capacity-building policies. This condition creates a gap between the demands of safe and effective laboratory practices and the laboratory management competencies available in schools. This study aims to map the competency profile of SSLPs in Indonesia and identify evidence-based professional development needs to strengthen their role in science education. Using the design of the explanatory mixed method, this study involved 252 junior high school science teachers who were concurrently laboratory managers. Rasch's analysis showed that the 29-point instrument had strong validity and reliability, while the competencies of quality documentation management, chemical handling, and waste management emerged as the most difficult areas. Basic laboratory competencies and occupational safety are relatively more mastered. Analysis of differences in item function indicated minimal gender bias, but more pronounced variations emerged based on work experience. The qualitative findings confirm consistent administrative and technical challenges, particularly related to chemical inventories and hazardous waste procedures. Based on data synthesis, this study proposes an Evidence-Based Laboratory Management Training Model that emphasizes competency priorities, gradual training levels, participant differentiation, and Rasch-based evaluation. These findings provide an empirical basis for the development of SSLP capacity-building policies and contribute to efforts to realize safer, professional, and equitable school laboratory practices.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Professional Development Needs of School Science Laboratory Personnel: Insights From A Rasch Analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-13 17:13:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8215088/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-28T07:42:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-04T08:01:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"269665443869432963775429543142287904275","date":"2026-02-24T01:25:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"124762391999376008518282072390015291758","date":"2026-02-22T19:44:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"248856821302325480694618506262107531024","date":"2026-02-09T00:43:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-20T02:51:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"254527711574652560892122346892661591661","date":"2026-01-15T02:27:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"259697131997090799153281046826689051845","date":"2026-01-10T15:24:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-09T16:22:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-09T16:19:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-30T12:32:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-12-27T05:14:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","date":"2025-12-27T05:08:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"humanities-and-social-sciences-communications","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"palcomms","sideBox":"Learn more about [Humanities \u0026 Social Sciences Communications](http://www.nature.com/palcomms/)","snPcode":"41599","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/41599/3","title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Nature AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8127645f-1a98-4e8e-82ee-6aada1a9e173","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 13th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":60952192,"name":"Health sciences/Health occupations"},{"id":60952193,"name":"Biological sciences/Psychology"},{"id":60952194,"name":"Social science/Psychology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-15T07:14:04+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-13 17:13:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8215088","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8215088","identity":"rs-8215088","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}