Dynamic Loading Effects on the Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Damage Model of Foliated Slate

Dynamic Loading Effects on the Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Damage Model of Foliated Slate | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Dynamic Loading Effects on the Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Damage Model of Foliated Slate Xuefeng Ou, Shiquan Xu, Qinxin Hu, Cong Tang, Wei Liao, Xiaolong Tang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4523568/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Understanding the anisotropic mechanical properties of rocks is crucial in rock engineering planning and execution. Layered structures, including foliation and bedding, introduce planes of weakness that profoundly affect the rock's mechanical response. This research aimed to examine the impact of foliation orientation, indicated by the dip angle ( θ ), and the strain rate ( \(\dot {\varepsilon }\) ) on the dynamic mechanical behaviour of the slate. To this end, dynamic compression tests were conducted on slate samples utilizing a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). When the foliation is parallel to horizontal plane ( θ = 0°), tensile mechanism dominates the failure mode. When the foliation planes take a dip angle to horizontal plane ( θ = 30°, 45° and 60°), shear-sliding along foliation planes gradually dominated as the angle increased, resulting in shear-tensile failure. When the foliation planes are perpendicular to horizontal plane ( θ = 90°), the sample primarily exhibits tensile splitting failure along foliation planes. Motivated by experimental results, we developed a constitutive model to characterize the damage process of foliated slate. The model assumes that the strength of microstructural units within foliated slate follows a Weibull distribution. To account for the effects of different dip angles and strain rates on the slate foliation planes' response, a dynamic loading viscous coefficient, η , is incorporated. The proposed model has precise physical meanings and proficiently illustrates the complete stress-strain process of the slate. Foliated slate Rock dynamic Constitutive model Strain rate Dip angle Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4523568","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":317003384,"identity":"d54a3510-8096-4964-8ef2-b15c10137686","order_by":0,"name":"Xuefeng Ou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xuefeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Ou","suffix":""},{"id":317003385,"identity":"8728ae6c-c185-44bc-af79-d71e4ba84832","order_by":1,"name":"Shiquan Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shiquan","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":317003386,"identity":"0255d4d6-e131-49d0-8d10-7fc9a1510129","order_by":2,"name":"Qinxin Hu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZiBOACH2BjA/ASJ8gBgtPAcYgZoMiNACBQkMEglEauE7zntM4uEOhjyDm8+fP66o+ZPHwH74ATPPGdxaJA/zJRsknmEoNridY9h45phBMQNPmgEzzw3cWgwO8xg+SGxjSNxwO4exsYHNILGBIYeBmecDXi0GB8Babh5/2NjwD6iF/w1BLVBbbjAYNja2AbVIgGzB4zDJwzzGBoltEokzz+QYzmzsMwaynxkcnIPH+3znz5hJ/myzSew7fvzBx4Zvcon9/MkPH7w5hlsLNAIkEAJsDIQiEr/sKBgFo2AUjAIgAACCzVbE13GiJAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Strathclyde","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qinxin","middleName":"","lastName":"Hu","suffix":""},{"id":317003387,"identity":"c47f636d-d126-4341-a30b-cc1df4a5c884","order_by":3,"name":"Cong Tang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cong","middleName":"","lastName":"Tang","suffix":""},{"id":317003388,"identity":"9a1e46ee-a5f1-4c66-84da-4159b1871598","order_by":4,"name":"Wei Liao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Liao","suffix":""},{"id":317003389,"identity":"ca18260d-2294-46d4-bb33-2edbb8b327f1","order_by":5,"name":"Xiaolong Tang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaolong","middleName":"","lastName":"Tang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-03 18:09:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4523568/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4523568/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63044176,"identity":"0225d10d-6b38-4749-87b9-45589b2454a3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-22 12:09:43","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1848268,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4523568/v1_covered_2cc656fe-f640-4220-9581-b85fa29252aa.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Dynamic Loading Effects on the Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Damage Model of Foliated Slate","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Foliated slate, Rock dynamic, Constitutive model, Strain rate, Dip angle","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4523568/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4523568/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding the anisotropic mechanical properties of rocks is crucial in rock engineering planning and execution. Layered structures, including foliation and bedding, introduce planes of weakness that profoundly affect the rock's mechanical response. This research aimed to examine the impact of foliation orientation, indicated by the dip angle (\u003cem\u003eθ\u003c/em\u003e), and the strain rate (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\dot {\\varepsilon }\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) on the dynamic mechanical behaviour of the slate. To this end, dynamic compression tests were conducted on slate samples utilizing a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). When the foliation is parallel to horizontal plane (\u003cem\u003eθ\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0\u0026deg;), tensile mechanism dominates the failure mode. When the foliation planes take a dip angle to horizontal plane (\u003cem\u003eθ\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;30\u0026deg;, 45\u0026deg; and 60\u0026deg;), shear-sliding along foliation planes gradually dominated as the angle increased, resulting in shear-tensile failure. When the foliation planes are perpendicular to horizontal plane (\u003cem\u003eθ\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;90\u0026deg;), the sample primarily exhibits tensile splitting failure along foliation planes. Motivated by experimental results, we developed a constitutive model to characterize the damage process of foliated slate. The model assumes that the strength of microstructural units within foliated slate follows a Weibull distribution. To account for the effects of different dip angles and strain rates on the slate foliation planes' response, a dynamic loading viscous coefficient, \u003cem\u003eη\u003c/em\u003e, is incorporated. The proposed model has precise physical meanings and proficiently illustrates the complete stress-strain process of the slate.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Dynamic Loading Effects on the Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Damage Model of Foliated Slate","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-06-28 17:54:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4523568/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"060ea8d6-6115-4e95-803b-bea1c55e1a45","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 28th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-22T12:01:33+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-06-28 17:54:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4523568","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4523568","identity":"rs-4523568","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}