Comparative Analysis of Magnetic Components for High Power Density Applications

Comparative Analysis of Magnetic Components for High Power Density Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Comparative Analysis of Magnetic Components for High Power Density Applications TERESA-RAQUEL GRANADOS-LUNA, BRENDA ANGELICA HERRERA APARICIO, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8888378/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This article presents a comparative analysis of the main characteristics of three innovative magnetic components—Sendust, FluxSan, and nanocrystalline—used for the design, construction, and implementation of high-power-density inductors in a 2 kW three-phase active rectifier. A methodology based on previous studies is proposed, which includes mathematical designs of the inductors, finite element simulations, and iterative evaluations until an optimal design is obtained. During the study, key parameters such as inductance, operating frequency range, power, permeability, maximum flux density, geometry, and current density are evaluated, as well as power losses, volume, and weight. Photographs of the physical construction of the Sendust and FluxSan cores, along with their corresponding windings, are also shown. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 I. INTRODUCTION Since the 1960s, research has focused on finding innovative processes for the design and construction of high-power converters with reduced size and weight, i.e., high power density, [ 1 ]. Although the main limiting to achieving this goal is the size and weight of the magnetic components, [ 2 ]. Therefore, some studies have focused on analyzing flux density, core and winding losses, temperature, number of turns, frequency, dimensions and geometry, permeability, and energy density of magnetic cores such as: Magnetics Molypermalloy Powder (MPP). Hi-Flux (HF), Sendust, Kool Mu, ferrite, amorphous metal, nanocrystalline, FINEMET, METGLAS, silicon steel, and iron powder to determine the appropriate material for designing high-power magnetic components; although their implementation is not shown, [ 3 – 9 ]. In some studies, the analysis is presented as a flowchart in which decisions about maximum flux density, dimensions, and inductance value guide the selection of the appropriate magnetic material for designing an inductor or transformer, [ 3 – 10 ]. While [ 11 – 13 ] implement mathematical design analysis in 3D diagrams, where their behavior is verified. Furthermore, in [ 14 – 16 ] the proposed designs move from simulation to physical implementation. Therefore, this work presents a novel design methodology for three innovative magnetic materials, a numerical analysis using COMSOL to validate the proposed design, and the physical implementation of at least two of the three proposed designs. For comparative analysis, an active three-phase rectifier (Fig. 1 ) is used, consisting of three inductors connected between the phases of the power supply and the active three-phase rectifier bridge. The rectifier bridge consists of three switching legs connected in parallel with each other, each leg comprising two transistors connected in series, and each transistor having a diode connected in antiparallel; at the output, two capacitors of equal value are connected, [ 17 ]. II. MAGNETIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN The operating parameters of active three-phase rectifier are: DC voltage of 400 V, three-phase output voltage of 127 V RMS, switching frequency of 21.6 kHz, switching frequency at the output of 60 Hz, power of 2 kVA, inductor voltage of 370 V, frequency of the 13th harmonic of 780 Hz, inductance of 10 mH and inductor operating frequency range of 60 Hz – 10.8 kHz. These values were used for the design and construction of line inductors. With the value of the inductance and Eq. ( 1 ), an approximation of the inductor core dimensions, and number of turns can be obtained. Meanwhile, with Eq. ( 2 ), the approximate value of the core volume is determined, considering the energy stored by the inductor. $$\:L=\frac{{N}^{2}\mu\:{A}_{c}}{{l}_{e}}$$ 1 $$\:{v}_{core}=\frac{2{E}_{L}\mu\:}{{B}_{max}^{2}}$$ 2 Where Ac is the cross-sectional area of the core, \(\:{l}_{e}\) is the length of the magnetic path, \(\:\mu\:={\mu\:}_{0}{\mu\:}_{r}\) , \(\:{\mu\:}_{0}\) is the free space permeability and is obtained with \(\:{\mu\:}_{0}=4\pi\:x{10}^{-7}\frac{H}{m}\) , \(\:{\mu\:}_{r}\) is the relative permeability of the core, N is the number of turns of the winding, B max is the core maximum flux density, and E L \(\:=\frac{1}{2}L{I}^{2}\) is the stored energy in the inductor; which is determined by the value of the inductance and the maximum current flowing through the inductor. The process of selecting the magnetic core, number of turns, and number of stacks is explained through the flowchart in Fig. 2 . The first step is to establish the operating parameters of the converter: current, I , voltage, V , power, P , and frequency, f . Afterwards, the calculation of the inductance, L , stored energy, E , and volume, v core , of each core of the possible candidates to be selected is carried out. With these data, the comparison of the minimum estimated volume is made with the volume of the magnetic cores of the Sendust, Nanocrystalline, and FluxSan materials. While v core , is less than the estimated volume, v estimated , the number of stacks will be increased until it is greater than v estimated . When v core is greater than v estimated , proceed to the next step. With the selection of the core and the type of material, the number of turns of the winding and the saturation flux density, B sat , are calculated. If B sat is less than the maximum flux density, B max , of the material, the size of the core window, W core , is verified in relation to the size of the winding. On the other hand, if B sat is greater than B max , or the winding size is greater than the W core size, a new selection of the core and material is made. To conclude, the calculation of the core and winding losses is performed. Table 1 lists these parameters along with their corresponding units and presents the results obtained for the three evaluated core materials. Table 1 Evaluation and Comparison of the Three Core Materials. Material Sendust Nanocrystalline FluxSan Permeability 75 60 26 \(\:{\varvec{B}}_{\varvec{m}\varvec{a}\varvec{x}}\) (T) 0.81 0.4 1.68 L OUT (mH) 10 10 10 Volume ( \(\:\varvec{m}{\varvec{m}}^{3}\) ) \(\:100,\:800\) 238, 500 38, 581 Effective área ( \(\:\varvec{m}{\varvec{m}}^{2}\) ) \(\:726\) 900 704 Effective lenght ( \(\:\varvec{m}\varvec{m}\) ) \(\:137\) 902.8 137 Window área ( \(\:\varvec{m}{\varvec{m}}^{2}\) ) \(\:600\) 1, 400 1,359 Density ( \(\:\varvec{g}/\varvec{c}{\varvec{m}}^{3}\) ) \(\:5.1\) 9.24 5.81 Weight (g) 515 2, 204 225 Number of the turns 132 74 150 AWF (mm 2 ) #14 (2.08) #13 (2) #13 (2) No. de Stacks 4 1 3 Loss Power (W) 50 167 39 III. NUMERICAL VERIFICATION AND RESULTS. To verify the design methodology developed in this work, several numerical simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics. With this simulator, each core was represented according to its characteristics provided by the manufacturer and the calculations performed; the winding was treated as a single copper block based on the corresponding number of turns. The study evaluated the inductance at 21.6 kHz, the magnetic field distribution within the core and the surrounding medium, and the temperature rise resulting from a 10 A current through the winding, Fig. 3 . Figure 3 shows the inductor simulations using the FluxSan EFS-0130604-026, Sendust EMS-0722819-075, and Nanocrystalline SC1645F5 cores. In sections a), c), and e), the magnetic flux density distribution for each material is shown; meanwhile, in sections b), d), and f), the winding mesh along with the core is presented for 3D representation. To validate the design process, a prototype was implemented using the Sendust core EMS-0722819-075 and the FluxSan core EFS-0130604-026, wound with 14 AWG magnet wire and configured with four stacked cores, as shown in section g). The COMSOL simulation results demonstrate that the saturation flux density is 0.8 T for Fluxant and 0.4 T for Sendust, despite their size; meanwhile, the nanocrystalline core remains at around 0.4 T. III. CONCLUSIONS A comparative analysis, shown in Table 1 , demonstrates that both core losses and gravimetric density are reduced when employing smaller stacked cores instead of a single core, thereby improving the overall performance of the inductor. The above statement is demonstrated by comparing the gravimetric density of each core; for the Nanocrystalline core it is 9.4 g/cm³, while for Sendust it is 5.1 g/cm³ and for FluxSan it is 5.8 g/cm³. Sendust and FluxSan cores were selected for physical and experimental implementation in the three-phase active rectifier due to their maximum flux density, low losses relative to their volume, and ability to withstand high temperatures compared to air-gap cores such as Kool Mu or Nanocrystalline cores. Furthermore, it is important to mention that the inductors originally used in the three-phase active rectifier were air-core inductors weighing approximately 10 kg each; this means that with any of the designs proposed in this work, the weight of each inductor is reduced by up to 80%. Declarations IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Dr. Ismael Araujo Vargas for his unconditional support during the development of this work, as well as the National Polytechnic Institute. This work has no conflicts of interest. AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS Herrera-Aparicio Brenda-Angelica and Brandongill Hernández Reyes Mathematical design and simulation in COMSOL of the input inductors of the active three-phase rectifier using the three proposed cores. Cano-Pulido Kevin In charge of the design, construction, and initial operation of the active three-phase rectifier. Granados-Luna Teresa-Raquel and Castillo Martínez Miguel Ángel Responsible for gathering, organizing, and selecting information, writing and presenting the work at the conference, and preparing the manuscript for publication. FUNDING Support from the Secretary of Research and Graduate Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, through project 20254365. COMPETING INTERESTS There is no conflict of interest on the part of the participants in this project. DATA AVAILABILITY We have the simulations, their results, the images, and the photographs of the prototypes. The details of the calculations performed are also available. This information is confidential; if requested, it will be provided individually and directly. References P. D. Corey, "Analytical Optimization of Magnetics for Static Power Conversion," in IEEE Transactions on Aerospace , vol. AS-3, no. 2, pp. 86-92, June 1965, doi: 10.1109/TA.1965.4319787. A. S. Gilmour, "High-power, light-weight power conditioning," in IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine , vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 33-39, Dec. 1991, doi: 10.1109/62.121936. P. C. Bolsi, H. C. Sartori and J. R. Pinheiro, "Comparison of Core Technologies Applied to Power Inductors," 2018 13th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON), Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2018, pp. 1100-1106, doi: 10.1109/INDUSCON.2018.8627236. R. Siddaiah and R. M. Cuzner, "Analysis of magnetic materials and the design of EI-core arm inductor for MV-AFE MMC application using Multi-objective optimization," 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), Jaipur, India, 2020, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/PEDES49360.2020.9379849. M. S. Rylko, B. J. Lyons, K. J. Hartnett, J. G. Hayes and M. G. Egan, "Magnetic material comparisons for high-current gapped and gapless foil wound inductors in high frequency dc-dc converters," 2008 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Poznan, Poland, 2008, pp. 1249-1256, doi: 10.1109/EPEPEMC.2008.4635440. M. S. Rylko, K. J. Hartnett, J. G. Hayes and M. G. Egan, "Magnetic Material Selection for High Power High Frequency Inductors in DC-DC Converters," 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Washington, DC, USA, 2009, pp. 2043-2049, doi: 10.1109/APEC.2009.4802955. B. J. Lyons, J. G. Hayes and M. G. Egan, "Magnetic Material Comparisons for High-Current Inductors in Low-Medium Frequency DC-DC Converters," APEC 07 - Twenty-Second Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, USA, 2007, pp. 71-77, doi: 10.1109/APEX.2007.357497. H. Kosai, Z. Turgut, T. Bixel and J. Scofield, "Performance Comparison of Finemet and Metglas Tape Cores Under Non-Sinusoidal Waveforms With DC Bias," in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1-4, July 2016, Art no. 8400704, doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2015.2512438. R. Garcia, A. Escobar-Mejía, K. George and J. C. Balda, "Loss comparison of selected core magnetic materials operating at medium and high frequencies and different excitation voltages," 2014 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), Galway, Ireland, 2014, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/PEDG.2014.6878680. M. Mu and F. C. Lee, "Comparison and selection of magnetic materials for coupled inductor used in interleaved three-level multi-phase DC-DC converters," 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Montreal, QC, Canada, 2015, pp. 3529-3534, doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2015.7310159. S. Balci, I. Sefa and M. B. Bayram, "Core material investigation of medium-frequency power transformers," 2014 16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition, Antalya, Turkey, 2014, pp. 861-866, doi: 10.1109/EPEPEMC.2014.6980606. M. R. Kiran, M. R. Islam, K. M. Muttaqi and D. Sutanto, "Characterization of amorphous soft magnetic materials for toroidal core multi-winding medium frequency transformers," 2017 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2017, pp. 470-473, doi: 10.1109/R10-HTC.2017.8289001. M. L. F. Bellaredj, S. Mueller, A. K. Davis, P. Kohl, M. Swaminathan and Y. Mano, "Fabrication, Characterization and Comparison of FR4-Compatible Composite Magnetic Materials for High Efficiency Integrated Voltage Regulators with Embedded Magnetic Core Micro-Inductors," 2017 IEEE 67th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), Orlando, FL, USA, 2017, pp. 2008-2014, doi: 10.1109/ECTC.2017.187. Z. Li, W. Han, Z. Xin, Q. Liu, J. Chen and P. C. Loh, "A Review of Magnetic Core Materials, Core Loss Modeling and Measurements in High-Power High-Frequency Transformers," in CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 359-373, December 2022, doi: 10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2022.00033. S. P. S. Rajawat, N. Rajput and V. M. Iyer, "A Comparative Study of Ferrite and Powder Core Filter Inductor Designs in Power Converters for Unified Battery Charging Applications," 2022 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), Jaipur, India, 2022, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/PEDES56012.2022.10080288. X. Li, S. S. Ghosh, P. R. Tripathi and T. Long, "Design and Optimization of Energy Storage Inductor for High Power High-Frequency DC-DC Converter," 2018 1st Workshop on Wide Bandgap Power Devices and Applications in Asia (WiPDA Asia), Xi'an, China, 2018, pp. 377-381, doi: 10.1109/WiPDAAsia.2018.8734677. K. Cano-Pulido, I. Araujo-Vargas, A. Forsyth and S. Salas-Duarte, "Simulation and real-time emulation of a three-level and a sevel-level active rectifiers," 2014 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC), Ixtapa, Mexico, 2014, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ROPEC.2014.7036290. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8888378","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":594695003,"identity":"ef098c2b-6027-4e93-a819-7c6d0ac1d381","order_by":0,"name":"TERESA-RAQUEL 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20:53:57","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8888378/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8888378/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":103323264,"identity":"a5be7ab2-bb33-4efb-b178-1196cd7c2659","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-24 12:23:21","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":75241,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eElectric diagram of active three-phase rectifier.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8888378/v1/1c949d4845b77f785c5eb983.png"},{"id":103323258,"identity":"bf83febe-83ab-40f3-9557-2a6a43902e3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-24 12:23:15","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":261585,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eInductor design process.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8888378/v1/e7070677a3b5a5093dc70e5b.png"},{"id":103323276,"identity":"cc8db35b-8210-4803-99f7-ad40c9f0606b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-24 12:23:23","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1411320,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSimulation results of a) the flux density in Teslas and b) meshing of the inductor using FluxSan Core, c) the flux density and d) meshing of the inductor using Sendust Core, e) the flux density and f) meshing of the inductor using Nanocristalline Core and g) Photograph of the constructed inductor using the FluxSan EFS-0130604-026 and sendust EMS-0722819-075\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8888378/v1/c21e0b16bf16191b70175c8a.png"},{"id":105563208,"identity":"4a32809b-926b-4c56-aad6-15ee79f96399","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-27 12:46:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2538117,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8888378/v1/6c0350ed-4535-4230-a23b-4a4c4d4dd677.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eComparative Analysis of Magnetic Components for High Power Density Applications\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"I. INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eSince the 1960s, research has focused on finding innovative processes for the design and construction of high-power converters with reduced size and weight, i.e., high power density, [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Although the main limiting to achieving this goal is the size and weight of the magnetic components, [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, some studies have focused on analyzing flux density, core and winding losses, temperature, number of turns, frequency, dimensions and geometry, permeability, and energy density of magnetic cores such as: Magnetics Molypermalloy Powder (MPP). Hi-Flux (HF), Sendust, Kool Mu, ferrite, amorphous metal, nanocrystalline, FINEMET, METGLAS, silicon steel, and iron powder to determine the appropriate material for designing high-power magnetic components; although their implementation is not shown, [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn some studies, the analysis is presented as a flowchart in which decisions about maximum flux density, dimensions, and inductance value guide the selection of the appropriate magnetic material for designing an inductor or transformer, [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. While [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e] implement mathematical design analysis in 3D diagrams, where their behavior is verified. Furthermore, in [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR15\" citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e] the proposed designs move from simulation to physical implementation. Therefore, this work presents a novel design methodology for three innovative magnetic materials, a numerical analysis using COMSOL to validate the proposed design, and the physical implementation of at least two of the three proposed designs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor comparative analysis, an active three-phase rectifier (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) is used, consisting of three inductors connected between the phases of the power supply and the active three-phase rectifier bridge. The rectifier bridge consists of three switching legs connected in parallel with each other, each leg comprising two transistors connected in series, and each transistor having a diode connected in antiparallel; at the output, two capacitors of equal value are connected, [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"II. MAGNETIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe operating parameters of active three-phase rectifier are: \u003cb\u003eDC voltage\u003c/b\u003e of 400 V, \u003cb\u003ethree-phase output voltage\u003c/b\u003e of 127 V\u003csub\u003eRMS,\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cb\u003eswitching frequency\u003c/b\u003e of 21.6 kHz, \u003cb\u003eswitching frequency at the output\u003c/b\u003e of 60 Hz, \u003cb\u003epower\u003c/b\u003e of 2 kVA, \u003cb\u003einductor voltage\u003c/b\u003e of 370 V, \u003cb\u003efrequency of the 13th harmonic\u003c/b\u003e of 780 Hz, \u003cb\u003einductance\u003c/b\u003e of 10 mH and \u003cb\u003einductor operating frequency range\u003c/b\u003e of 60 Hz \u0026ndash; 10.8 kHz.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese values were used for the design and construction of line inductors. With the value of the inductance and Eq.\u0026nbsp;(\u003cspan refid=\"Equ1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), an approximation of the inductor core dimensions, and number of turns can be obtained. Meanwhile, with Eq.\u0026nbsp;(\u003cspan refid=\"Equ2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), the approximate value of the core volume is determined, considering the energy stored by the inductor.\u003cdiv id=\"Equ1\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ1\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:L=\\frac{{N}^{2}\\mu\\:{A}_{c}}{{l}_{e}}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Equ2\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ2\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:{v}_{core}=\\frac{2{E}_{L}\\mu\\:}{{B}_{max}^{2}}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere \u003cem\u003eAc\u003c/em\u003e is the cross-sectional area of the core, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{l}_{e}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e is the length of the magnetic path, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\mu\\:={\\mu\\:}_{0}{\\mu\\:}_{r}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\mu\\:}_{0}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e is the free space permeability and is obtained with \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\mu\\:}_{0}=4\\pi\\:x{10}^{-7}\\frac{H}{m}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\mu\\:}_{r}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e is the relative permeability of the core, \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e is the number of turns of the winding, \u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003emax\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e is the core maximum flux density, and \u003cem\u003eE\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eL\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:=\\frac{1}{2}L{I}^{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e is the stored energy in the inductor; which is determined by the value of the inductance and the maximum current flowing through the inductor.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe process of selecting the magnetic core, number of turns, and number of stacks is explained through the flowchart in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The first step is to establish the operating parameters of the converter: current, \u003cem\u003eI\u003c/em\u003e, voltage, \u003cem\u003eV\u003c/em\u003e, power, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e, and frequency, \u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e. Afterwards, the calculation of the inductance, \u003cem\u003eL\u003c/em\u003e, stored energy, \u003cem\u003eE\u003c/em\u003e, and volume, \u003cem\u003ev\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ecore\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, of each core of the possible candidates to be selected is carried out. With these data, the comparison of the minimum estimated volume is made with the volume of the magnetic cores of the Sendust, Nanocrystalline, and FluxSan materials. While \u003cem\u003ev\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ecore\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, is less than the estimated volume, \u003cem\u003ev\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eestimated\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, the number of stacks will be increased until it is greater than \u003cem\u003ev\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eestimated\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e. When \u003cem\u003ev\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ecore\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e is greater than \u003cem\u003ev\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003eestimated\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, proceed to the next step.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the selection of the core and the type of material, the number of turns of the winding and the saturation flux density, \u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003esat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, are calculated. If \u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003esat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e is less than the maximum flux density, \u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003emax\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, of the material, the size of the core window, \u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ecore\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, is verified in relation to the size of the winding. On the other hand, if \u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003esat\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e is greater than \u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003emax\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, or the winding size is greater than the \u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003ecore\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e size, a new selection of the core and material is made. To conclude, the calculation of the core and winding losses is performed. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e lists these parameters along with their corresponding units and presents the results obtained for the three evaluated core materials.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluation and Comparison of the Three Core Materials.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaterial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSendust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNanocrystalline\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFluxSan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePermeability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\varvec{B}}_{\\varvec{m}\\varvec{a}\\varvec{x}}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (T)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL\u003csub\u003eOUT\u003c/sub\u003e (mH)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVolume (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\varvec{m}{\\varvec{m}}^{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:100,\\:800\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e238, 500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38, 581\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective \u0026aacute;rea (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\varvec{m}{\\varvec{m}}^{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:726\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e900\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e704\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective lenght (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\varvec{m}\\varvec{m}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:137\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e902.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWindow \u0026aacute;rea (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\varvec{m}{\\varvec{m}}^{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:600\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1, 400\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,359\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDensity (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\varvec{g}/\\varvec{c}{\\varvec{m}}^{3}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:5.1\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeight (g)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e515\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2, 204\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of the turns\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAWF (mm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e#14 (2.08)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e#13 (2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e#13 (2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo. de Stacks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoss Power (W)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"III. NUMERICAL VERIFICATION AND RESULTS.","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo verify the design methodology developed in this work, several numerical simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics. With this simulator, each core was represented according to its characteristics provided by the manufacturer and the calculations performed; the winding was treated as a single copper block based on the corresponding number of turns. The study evaluated the inductance at 21.6 kHz, the magnetic field distribution within the core and the surrounding medium, and the temperature rise resulting from a 10 A current through the winding, Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e shows the inductor simulations using the FluxSan EFS-0130604-026, Sendust EMS-0722819-075, and Nanocrystalline SC1645F5 cores. In sections a), c), and e), the magnetic flux density distribution for each material is shown; meanwhile, in sections b), d), and f), the winding mesh along with the core is presented for 3D representation. To validate the design process, a prototype was implemented using the Sendust core EMS-0722819-075 and the FluxSan core EFS-0130604-026, wound with 14 AWG magnet wire and configured with four stacked cores, as shown in section g). The COMSOL simulation results demonstrate that the saturation flux density is 0.8 T for Fluxant and 0.4 T for Sendust, despite their size; meanwhile, the nanocrystalline core remains at around 0.4 T.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"III. CONCLUSIONS","content":"\u003cp\u003eA comparative analysis, shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, demonstrates that both core losses and gravimetric density are reduced when employing smaller stacked cores instead of a single core, thereby improving the overall performance of the inductor. The above statement is demonstrated by comparing the gravimetric density of each core; for the Nanocrystalline core it is 9.4 g/cm\u0026sup3;, while for Sendust it is 5.1 g/cm\u0026sup3; and for FluxSan it is 5.8 g/cm\u0026sup3;. Sendust and FluxSan cores were selected for physical and experimental implementation in the three-phase active rectifier due to their maximum flux density, low losses relative to their volume, and ability to withstand high temperatures compared to air-gap cores such as Kool Mu or Nanocrystalline cores. Furthermore, it is important to mention that the inductors originally used in the three-phase active rectifier were air-core inductors weighing approximately 10 kg each; this means that with any of the designs proposed in this work, the weight of each inductor is reduced by up to 80%.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIV. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe thank Dr. Ismael Araujo Vargas for his unconditional support during the development of this work, as well as the National Polytechnic Institute. This work has no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHerrera-Aparicio Brenda-Angelica and Brandongill Hernández Reyes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMathematical design and simulation in COMSOL of the input inductors of the active three-phase rectifier using the three proposed cores.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCano-Pulido Kevin\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn charge of the design, construction, and initial operation of the active three-phase rectifier.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGranados-Luna Teresa-Raquel and Castillo Martínez Miguel Ángel\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResponsible for gathering, organizing, and selecting information, writing and presenting the work at the conference, and preparing the manuscript for publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFUNDING\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupport from the Secretary of Research and Graduate Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, through project 20254365.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCOMPETING INTERESTS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no conflict of interest on the part of the participants in this project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDATA AVAILABILITY\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe have the simulations, their results, the images, and the photographs of the prototypes. The details of the calculations performed are also available. This information is confidential; if requested, it will be provided individually and directly.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eP. D. Corey, \u0026quot;Analytical Optimization of Magnetics for Static Power Conversion,\u0026quot; in \u003cem\u003eIEEE Transactions on Aerospace\u003c/em\u003e, vol. AS-3, no. 2, pp. 86-92, June 1965, doi: 10.1109/TA.1965.4319787.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eA. S. Gilmour, \u0026quot;High-power, light-weight power conditioning,\u0026quot; in \u003cem\u003eIEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine\u003c/em\u003e, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 33-39, Dec. 1991, doi: 10.1109/62.121936.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eP. C. Bolsi, H. C. Sartori and J. R. 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Salas-Duarte, \u0026quot;Simulation and real-time emulation of a three-level and a sevel-level active rectifiers,\u0026quot; 2014 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC), Ixtapa, Mexico, 2014, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ROPEC.2014.7036290.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8888378/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8888378/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis article presents a comparative analysis of the main characteristics of three innovative magnetic components\u0026mdash;Sendust, FluxSan, and nanocrystalline\u0026mdash;used for the design, construction, and implementation of high-power-density inductors in a 2 kW three-phase active rectifier. A methodology based on previous studies is proposed, which includes mathematical designs of the inductors, finite element simulations, and iterative evaluations until an optimal design is obtained. During the study, key parameters such as inductance, operating frequency range, power, permeability, maximum flux density, geometry, and current density are evaluated, as well as power losses, volume, and weight. Photographs of the physical construction of the Sendust and FluxSan cores, along with their corresponding windings, are also shown.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparative Analysis of Magnetic Components for High Power Density Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-24 12:23:01","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8888378/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"aa392cc4-6ef8-4b8a-b5c8-a0d6654faa05","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 24th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-20T18:39:30+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-24 12:23:01","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8888378","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8888378","identity":"rs-8888378","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}