Exploring the Venom of Ectatomma brunneum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Exploring the Venom of Ectatomma brunneum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Exploring the Venom of Ectatomma brunneum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Rafaella Caroline Bernardi, Angélica Mendonça, Ellen Liciane Barbosa Firmino, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997185/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Ant venom has several functions including predation, communication, defense against predators, and action against pathogens. Data about ant venom components, which provide support for understand action mechanisms, allergenicity, and biological activity, are few. The objective was to identify the amino acids and proteins in the venom of the predatory ant Ectatomma brunneum and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity. The amino acids were analyzed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection and identified using amino acid standards. The two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis fractionation approach was used to identify the proteins, together with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and protein databases. The antimicrobial activity of the venom was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory and minimum microbiocidal concentrations. The venom of E. brummeum has free amino acids with high amount of alanine. The 2D gel analysis show 104 spots, from which 21 were identified and classified according to biological function in: venom proteins, nontoxic reservoir protection, cellular maintenance proteins, and proteins with unknown function. The venom has antimicrobial activity, inhibiting growth of all the bacteria and fungi tested. Results provide new insights to the knowledge of the ant venom components and antimicrobial activity. Allergen Innate immunity Proteomics Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revisions 25 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Mar, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Mar, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 05 Mar, 2024 First submitted to journal 01 Mar, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3997185","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":278216491,"identity":"c509f097-723c-4d40-b075-85d157556875","order_by":0,"name":"Rafaella Caroline Bernardi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UEMS: Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rafaella","middleName":"Caroline","lastName":"Bernardi","suffix":""},{"id":278216492,"identity":"ea3f12da-a08d-42d5-99f7-2386bee9dfd7","order_by":1,"name":"Angélica Mendonça","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UEMS: Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Angélica","middleName":"","lastName":"Mendonça","suffix":""},{"id":278216493,"identity":"18297c4e-642a-4049-9e81-c8dc1d641ef5","order_by":2,"name":"Ellen Liciane Barbosa Firmino","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UEMS: Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ellen","middleName":"Liciane Barbosa","lastName":"Firmino","suffix":""},{"id":278216494,"identity":"2c450720-1a17-4bf4-a722-debad6e9c348","order_by":3,"name":"Luis Fernando Benitez Macorini","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centro Universitario da Grande Dourados","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luis","middleName":"Fernando Benitez","lastName":"Macorini","suffix":""},{"id":278216495,"identity":"d872cde7-4fc5-4a74-8490-5987f8c5ee7a","order_by":4,"name":"Edvaldo Barros","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UFV: Universidade Federal de Vicosa","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Edvaldo","middleName":"","lastName":"Barros","suffix":""},{"id":278216496,"identity":"83a5a1c4-c90c-4e54-864e-c8ea986880c1","order_by":5,"name":"Pollyanna Pereira Santos","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UFMA: Universidade Federal do Maranhao","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pollyanna","middleName":"Pereira","lastName":"Santos","suffix":""},{"id":278216497,"identity":"6f8cdbd4-d368-4a90-82e8-a05223249a1e","order_by":6,"name":"Luiz Santos Junior","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-4662","institution":"UEMS: Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luiz","middleName":"Santos","lastName":"Junior","suffix":""},{"id":278216498,"identity":"418a5e5b-ac31-4ef4-921e-81c41fccf0c7","order_by":7,"name":"José Eduardo Serrão","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UFV: Universidade Federal de Vicosa","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"José","middleName":"Eduardo","lastName":"Serrão","suffix":""},{"id":278216499,"identity":"23efd0e2-26bc-4c77-a1fb-23ae99f7df52","order_by":8,"name":"William Fernando Antonialli Junior","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UEMS: Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"William","middleName":"Fernando Antonialli","lastName":"Junior","suffix":""},{"id":278216500,"identity":"de72bfe1-58f6-4497-80b4-2c77492d1849","order_by":9,"name":"Claudia Andréa Lima Cardoso","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UEMS: Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Claudia","middleName":"Andréa Lima","lastName":"Cardoso","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-28 16:10:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997185/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997185/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":52560513,"identity":"787ea0d4-751d-459e-9500-8ad17e68f8b1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-13 02:24:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":852201,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3997185/v1_covered_9c6a6145-065b-48fe-a20f-0ec0e71c237d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Exploring the Venom of Ectatomma brunneum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"chemoecology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"chem","sideBox":"Learn more about [Chemoecology](https://www.springer.com/journal/49)","snPcode":"49","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/49/3","title":"Chemoecology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Allergen, Innate immunity, Proteomics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997185/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997185/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Ant venom has several functions including predation, communication, defense against predators, and action against pathogens. Data about ant venom components, which provide support for understand action mechanisms, allergenicity, and biological activity, are few. The objective was to identify the amino acids and proteins in the venom of the predatory ant Ectatomma brunneum and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity. The amino acids were analyzed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection and identified using amino acid standards. The two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis fractionation approach was used to identify the proteins, together with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and protein databases. The antimicrobial activity of the venom was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory and minimum microbiocidal concentrations. The venom of E. brummeum has free amino acids with high amount of alanine. The 2D gel analysis show 104 spots, from which 21 were identified and classified according to biological function in: venom proteins, nontoxic reservoir protection, cellular maintenance proteins, and proteins with unknown function. The venom has antimicrobial activity, inhibiting growth of all the bacteria and fungi tested. Results provide new insights to the knowledge of the ant venom components and antimicrobial activity.","manuscriptTitle":"Exploring the Venom of Ectatomma brunneum Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-03-13 02:16:28","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997185/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revisions","date":"2024-04-25T14:26:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-03-13T10:54:18+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-03-11T10:40:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-03-05T14:42:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Chemoecology","date":"2024-03-01T10:06:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"chemoecology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"chem","sideBox":"Learn more about [Chemoecology](https://www.springer.com/journal/49)","snPcode":"49","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/49/3","title":"Chemoecology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"426ac679-0a00-4b45-bfb2-5a8189cba2b5","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 13th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-06-25T17:15:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-03-13 02:16:28","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3997185","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3997185","identity":"rs-3997185","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}