Seasonal changes in daily temperature fluctuation control flowering through a time-dependent regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T in Arabidopsis

Seasonal changes in daily temperature fluctuation control flowering through a time-dependent regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T in Arabidopsis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Seasonal changes in daily temperature fluctuation control flowering through a time-dependent regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T in Arabidopsis Akane Kubota, Yoshinori Kondo, Hiroshi Takagi, Tomoaki Muranaka, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7234857/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Temperature changes along seasonal transitions control flowering. Under natural long-day conditions, flowering is controlled by a bimodal expression pattern of the florigen gene, FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ), in Arabidopsis . Although cool ambient temperatures delay flowering through FT repression, it is unknown how daily temperature fluctuations regulate bimodal FT profiles. Seasonal increases in nighttime temperatures are less variable than those during the daytime in spring, potentially providing more reliable timing information. By simulating daily temperature fluctuations of spring, we showed that cool night-to-morning temperatures activate multiple mechanisms to control morning and evening FT peaks separately. Lowering night temperatures regulates the CONSTANS (CO) protein function by reducing its stability from midday to dusk and increasing its interaction with a colder-night induced repressor, B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 29 ( BBX29 ), in the morning. Our results demonstrated the dynamics of time-specific regulatory mechanisms in temperature signaling during spring when cooler temperatures determine the timing of flowering. Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant molecular biology Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant physiology Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant signalling Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryTable1.xlsx Supplementary Dataset 1 SupplementaryTable2.xlsx Supplementary Dataset 2 KubotaetalSI.pdf Supplementary Figures Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7234857","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":492601798,"identity":"9b9065f7-de7b-4f9b-96b9-33190649dff8","order_by":0,"name":"Akane 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Under natural long-day conditions, flowering is controlled by a bimodal expression pattern of the florigen gene, \u003ci\u003eFLOWERING LOCUS T\u003c/i\u003e (\u003ci\u003eFT\u003c/i\u003e), in \u003ci\u003eArabidopsis\u003c/i\u003e. Although cool ambient temperatures delay flowering through \u003ci\u003eFT\u003c/i\u003e repression, it is unknown how daily temperature fluctuations regulate bimodal \u003ci\u003eFT\u003c/i\u003e profiles. Seasonal increases in nighttime temperatures are less variable than those during the daytime in spring, potentially providing more reliable timing information. By simulating daily temperature fluctuations of spring, we showed that cool night-to-morning temperatures activate multiple mechanisms to control morning and evening \u003ci\u003eFT\u003c/i\u003e peaks separately. Lowering night temperatures regulates the CONSTANS (CO) protein function by reducing its stability from midday to dusk and increasing its interaction with a colder-night induced repressor, \u003ci\u003eB-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 29\u003c/i\u003e (\u003ci\u003eBBX29\u003c/i\u003e), in the morning. 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