DEM-FDM Investigation of Bedding Plane Properties’ Impact on Laminated Roof Stability

DEM-FDM Investigation of Bedding Plane Properties’ Impact on Laminated Roof Stability | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article DEM-FDM Investigation of Bedding Plane Properties’ Impact on Laminated Roof Stability Xiang Ma, Qingwen Shi, Brijes Mishra, Yun Zhao, Zhenhua Ouyang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5758625/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Laminated roofs are susceptible to cutter roof failure caused by excavation disturbances. To assess the impact of bedding plane properties on their stability under mining stress, a panel-scale numerical model was created using a combination of the discrete element method (DEM) and finite differential method (FDM). The laminated roof was modeled with a bonded particle model (BPM) integrated with a discrete fracture network (DFN) to closely examine fracture behavior, while the surrounding rock was treated as a continuum material. The model was validated through a uniaxial compressive test on Berea sandstone. This validated model was then used to study how varying bedding plane strength and the cohesion-to-tensile strength ratio affect roof deformation, fracturing, and failure during entry development and panel extraction. The findings indicated that entry development caused more roof deformation than panel extraction. Increasing bedding plane strength enhanced the overall stability of the roof, reducing damage to both bedding planes and individual layers. Roof deformation was more sensitive to changes in bedding strength, especially when the bedding was weak. Reducing bedding plane strength led to more shear-tensile cracks and overall damage, particularly in weaker structures. This coupling method was proved to enable the simulation of large-scale panel extraction conditions at an efficient computational cost. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology/Fossil fuels/Coal Physical sciences/Engineering/Civil engineering Laminated roof failure DEM and FDM coupling Mining stress Bedding plane strength Cohesion-to-tensile strength ratio Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Rawdatanumericalcodes.zip Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 21 Nov, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 26 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Feb, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Feb, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 05 Feb, 2025 Editor invited by journal 05 Feb, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Feb, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Jan, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5758625","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":411650521,"identity":"41e8eac4-345f-4222-b047-f98ef9b7d771","order_by":0,"name":"Xiang Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chongqing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":411650523,"identity":"c23752d8-56da-4c9c-91d5-7e7eccf377f9","order_by":1,"name":"Qingwen 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To assess the impact of bedding plane properties on their stability under mining stress, a panel-scale numerical model was created using a combination of the discrete element method (DEM) and finite differential method (FDM). The laminated roof was modeled with a bonded particle model (BPM) integrated with a discrete fracture network (DFN) to closely examine fracture behavior, while the surrounding rock was treated as a continuum material. The model was validated through a uniaxial compressive test on Berea sandstone. This validated model was then used to study how varying bedding plane strength and the cohesion-to-tensile strength ratio affect roof deformation, fracturing, and failure during entry development and panel extraction. The findings indicated that entry development caused more roof deformation than panel extraction. Increasing bedding plane strength enhanced the overall stability of the roof, reducing damage to both bedding planes and individual layers. Roof deformation was more sensitive to changes in bedding strength, especially when the bedding was weak. Reducing bedding plane strength led to more shear-tensile cracks and overall damage, particularly in weaker structures. 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