Hybrid encryption for image security using improved Henon map with sine and cosine and Arnold’s transformation

Hybrid encryption for image security using improved Henon map with sine and cosine and Arnold’s transformation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Hybrid encryption for image security using improved Henon map with sine and cosine and Arnold’s transformation Iqra Aslam Muhammad Aslam, Tabasam Rashid rashid, Ghulam Murtaza Murtaza This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4975978/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper introduces a novel 2D chaotic map, the Two-DimensionalImproved Henon Map with sine and cosine (2D − IHMSC), which enhances chaotic behavior and security for image encryption by incorporating sine and cosine functions into the classic Henon map. The 2D-IHMSC produces improved sequences with higher sensitivity to initial conditions. The proposed encryption algorithm combines cryptographic techniques, including chaotic sequences from the improved Henonmap, bitwise XOR, diffusion, and Arnold’s transformation, resulting in inefficient and robust image encryption. These enhancements increase randomness, strengthen diffusion and nonlinearity, and enhance resistance to attacks. The method utilizes Arnold’s Transformation for pixel scrambling, addressing periodicity limitations by implementing additional security measures. It encrypts the image as a pixel distribution, demonstrating exceptional performance in critical areas, including sensitivity, correlation, and security. Image Encryption Techniques Diffusion Arnold's Transfor- mation Bitwise XOR Masking Chaotic Sequences 2D - IHMSC Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4975978","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":356032476,"identity":"9d84b19c-cc0e-4e39-b173-1fcd682bb851","order_by":0,"name":"Iqra Aslam Muhammad Aslam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Management and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Iqra","middleName":"Aslam Muhammad","lastName":"Aslam","suffix":""},{"id":356032477,"identity":"4f25b978-922f-4f55-b5cb-35d9dcd96546","order_by":1,"name":"Tabasam Rashid rashid","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHjiLjSGBzQYhKIFTA6qWNBBFihYGtsOEtdiznz348UfNNgbz9uPPHjwoO5+4dn4D44O3bQx5kg04bOHJS5bmOXabQeZMjrlBwrnbiduOMTAbzm1jKJbG6bAcA2kGtttAZ+SwSSS2gbWwSfO2MSTOw6WF/43xzx//gFr4nz8DajkH0sL+G68WiRwzCd42oBaJBDOglgNgW5hBWmbj0nLjXZo1b99tHgmJN2YSCeeSjbcdS2yWnHNOohiX99n7cw/f/PHttpwEf/ozyR9ldrLbDh8++OFNmU2exAEc1sCDAQEYQcZLJODXgA2QoWUUjIJRMAqGKQAAgllXbEscjwAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Management and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tabasam","middleName":"Rashid","lastName":"rashid","suffix":""},{"id":356032478,"identity":"37f75d09-1dbf-4991-ac5f-3d054f2f2df7","order_by":2,"name":"Ghulam Murtaza Murtaza","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Management and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ghulam","middleName":"Murtaza","lastName":"Murtaza","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-26 07:29:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4975978/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4975978/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":78415656,"identity":"72c6dfea-e396-425f-a486-112aa5b9b564","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-13 04:38:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1593264,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Cryptopaper2024IQRA.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4975978/v1_covered_7372d734-aa10-48db-af45-826486608c07.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Hybrid encryption for image security using improved Henon map with sine and cosine and Arnold’s transformation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Image Encryption Techniques, Diffusion, Arnold's Transfor- mation, Bitwise XOR Masking, Chaotic Sequences, 2D - IHMSC","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4975978/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4975978/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This paper introduces a novel 2D chaotic map, the Two-DimensionalImproved Henon Map with sine and cosine (2D − IHMSC), which enhances chaotic behavior and security for image encryption by incorporating sine and cosine functions into the classic Henon map. 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