A Fuzzy-based method for artificial reefs site selection- Case Study: Kish Island, the Persian Gulf

Abstract Coral reefs face numerous threats from natural and anthropogenic stressors, impacting their health and associated ecosystems. This study investigates a method for optimal artificial reef (AR) deployment around Kish Island (KI) in the Persian Gulf (PG) to mitigate environmental impacts caused by marine tourism and safeguard coral reefs. Utilizing geospatial information systems (GIS) and fuzzy-based analyses, diverse criteria (such as water depth, clarity, proximity to natural reefs, and species diversity) were assessed for site selection. Data from various sources, including field observations, existing maps, and high-resolution satellite imagery, were accurately collected and processed. The method enabled us to take into account the complex and uncertain nature of the marine environment in KI and provide more precise and accurate recommendations for AR deployment. Fuzzy overlay analysis integrated these criteria, resulting in a final suitability map for AR deployment. The southeastern areas around KI emerged as highly suitable locations, considering factors like coral reefs' proximity and diving club distances. Notably, this method's application differed from prior studies, showcasing its effectiveness in assessing site suitability for AR deployment. While the study focuses on AR for marine tourism and reef conservation, its fuzzy-based approach allows flexibility in considering uncertain environmental factors, aiding in sustainable marine resource management in the PG. Overall, the fuzzy-based method presented in this study could be a valuable tool for policymakers and environmental managers in the PG to make informed decisions about AR deployment and the sustainable management of marine resources. The method can also be adapted for use in other marine environments elsewhere in the world.