Steady-State Analysis of Gravitational Effects on Hemodynamics

Steady-State Analysis of Gravitational Effects on Hemodynamics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Steady-State Analysis of Gravitational Effects on Hemodynamics Alanna Kennard, Zan Ahmad, John Solak, John W. Davis, Rebecca S. Blue, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6603346/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Human tolerance to hypergravity is of increasing importance given the rising number of spaceflight participants. In this paper, we present a mathematical model of the human circulatory system that can predict an individual’s tolerance to hypergravity. We adopt a steady-state approach, where simplicity enables us to predict an individual’s tolerance to high gravitational acceleration (G-tolerance) with lower computational cost. Moreover, while our parameter set can be personalized to individual parameters, the model only requires cardiac output, three anthropometric measurements, vital signs, and sex to make a satisfactory prediction. Key features of the model include compartmentalization of the upper and lower circulation to allow for gravitational acceleration in the vertical direction to be varied, a model of venous collapse of the systemic veins, and feedback control to simulate regulation of heart rate and reserve volume. We also provide a case study of parameter calibration to predict G-tolerance for a single subject based on physiologic measurements before and during centrifuge-induced hypergravity. Simulation results were consistent with physiological expectations and subject report of G-related symptoms. These findings suggest that our model of the circulatory system has the potential to predict G-tolerance and serve as a clinical decision support tool to risk stratify subjects prior to spaceflight. Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing/Applied mathematics Biological sciences/Physiology/Circulation Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics/Computational models Full Text Additional Declarations Competing interest reported. John Davis has received small honoraria for ad-hoc consulting with GE Healthcare related to the general use of the GE Venue GO and its proprietary AI tools, but received no compensation or influence from GE Healthcare directly related to this study. Karen Ong is an employee and Stockholder of Virgin Galactic and employee of Mayo Clinic. All the remaining authors declare no conflict of interest. Supplementary Files finalSupplementaryMaterials.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6603346","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":465652891,"identity":"c6049e6f-2e73-430d-802a-396c87f9550b","order_by":0,"name":"Alanna Kennard","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"New York University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alanna","middleName":"","lastName":"Kennard","suffix":""},{"id":465652892,"identity":"2784801d-57c6-4074-8f93-d9e30ef7fe98","order_by":1,"name":"Zan Ahmad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"New York University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zan","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahmad","suffix":""},{"id":465652893,"identity":"93cef358-c632-43fc-9600-b9fc3b5839a6","order_by":2,"name":"John Solak","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA90lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYeKIudgRlISsjwQ/k8fAS1MEO08Eg2QLWw4bQHVQsDj8EBqAAuLcztvcceMOYw2PMzMz82YMyx4DE+fvbpZh6GbTK4tDD2nEs3YNzGkDizmc04gXGbBI/ZmXSz2zwMt3E6jHFGjpkEUEuCwWEG4wNgLQfS2IjSYm9wmP0zWItx/zPitDBuOMwDcZiBBCFbes6YSSRukwD6hafYAMjgkbjxjO3mHAPcWgzbe8wkPm6zsednb98MZNTJ8fensd14U3Hbnh+XlgYgkcAgAeElQEWZeAxwqAcCeezO/YFbxygYBaNgFIw8AAC6kkiJha2UcwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Aviation Medicine, Medical Center of Excellence, US Army","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"John","middleName":"","lastName":"Solak","suffix":""},{"id":465652894,"identity":"752122a7-407b-4736-9187-df7a18b4a664","order_by":3,"name":"John W. 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