Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Barley straw and Fumaria parviflora extract: Optimization of synthesis, Evaluating of Nanoparticles stability, Antibacterial activities

This study indicates an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Barley straw and Fumaria paroflora extracts and a mixture of them (1:1 v/v). Optimum conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles were obtained by changing the reaction time, PH, and temperature. Characterization of silver nanoparticles was explored by different techniques including UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, and SEM. UV-Visible spectroscopy showed the formation of Bs-AgNPs , Fp-AgNPs , and Bs-Fp-AgNPs with maximum absorption in the range of 400–450 nm. FTIR spectral data revealed the role of different functional groups of biomolecules involved in bioreduction as well as the capping and stabilizing of NPs. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. The SEM study showed that the shape of the nanoparticles is spherical, and the size decreases with increasing temperature. The size and surface charge of nanoparticles were evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy, and the effect of temperature on particle size distribution was evaluated. Also, the effect of temperature and PH on the zeta potential of nanoparticles was investigated. The formation rate of Fp-AgNPs was higher compared to Bs-AgNPs , but Barley straw nanoparticles were smaller and more stable. Using a mixture of Fumaria parviflora and Barley straw extract resulted in the production of nanoparticles that formed faster and had good stability. The biosynthesized nanoparticles showed suitable activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . Overall, this study highlights the use of a mixture of extracts (Bs and Fp) to synthesize silver nanoparticles.