Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Hypoxia-Conditioned Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Lymphangiogenesis.

Extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) play an important role in lymphangiogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of extracellular vesicles secreted by hypoxia-conditioned ADSCs in lymphangiogenesis and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles were extracted from ADSCs cultured under hypoxia or normoxia conditions. The uptake of extracellular vesicles by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The effects of extracellular vesicles on the viability, migration, and tube formation of LECs were determined by CCK-8 assay, migration assay, and tube formation assay, respectively. Molecules and pathway involved in lymphangiogenesis mediated by ADSC-derived extracellular vesicles were analyzed by luciferase reporter assay, qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot. Hypoxia ADSC-derived extracellular vesicles (H-ADSC/evs) significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of LECs. Hypoxia decreased the expression of miR-129 in ADSC-derived extracellular vesicles. Overexpression of miR-129 counteracted the promoting effect of H-ADSC/evs on lymphangiogenesis. In addition, decreased exosomal miR-129 expression resulted in upregulation of HMGB1 in LECs, which led to AKT activation and lymphangiogenesis enhancement. Our data reveal that extracellular vesicles derived from hypoxia-conditioned ADSCs induce lymphangiogenesis, and this effect is mediated by miR-129/HMGB1/AKT signaling. Our findings imply that hypoxia ADSC-isolated extracellular vesicles may represent as a valuable target for the treatment of diseases associated with lymphatic remodeling.