A combined strategy of data collection and charge scheduling to maximize sensor lifetime in a WRSN

A combined strategy of data collection and charge scheduling to maximize sensor lifetime in a WRSN | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A combined strategy of data collection and charge scheduling to maximize sensor lifetime in a WRSN Sabah Tazeen Tazeen, Dinesh Dash Dash This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7288658/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Wireless Networks → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs), using a mobile vehicle fitted with finite capacity battery to refill the energy and simultaneously collect data from the sensor nodes is a challenging issue. In this paper, we employ a Mobile Vehicle (MV) in a WRSN and design its travelling path with the aims of reducing the dead periods of the sensor nodes and improving the data collection from the sensor nodes. We design a data gathering and charging schedule for a single MV to visit the low-energy sensor nodes to recharge them and collect their data. The MV also collects the data from the neighbouring sensor nodes which are within the communication range during travelling or charging. Simulations are conducted to show the usefulness of the scheme presented. The proposed method decreases the total dead period by 53.6% and 42% with respect to the two existing data gathering and charging schemes, NDCA and RECO respectively, and collects almost twice sensor data than these schemes. Wireless Rechargeable Networks (W RNs) Dead Period Mobile Vehicle (MV ) Data Gathering Schedule Charging Schedule Full Text Additional Declarations Competing interest reported. Funding: This work is supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board, a statutory body of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India [Grant number: CRG/2023/001572] Supplementary Files biography.zip Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Wireless Networks → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 01 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 07 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 09 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 04 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7288658","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":531675068,"identity":"4fd6b118-b120-46d3-a4d4-bc1c66d9d922","order_by":0,"name":"Sabah Tazeen Tazeen","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Technology Patna","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sabah","middleName":"Tazeen","lastName":"Tazeen","suffix":""},{"id":531675069,"identity":"8fcfe0e0-e2f0-4bc4-a0c3-b0a3f7d91c5d","order_by":1,"name":"Dinesh Dash Dash","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Technology Patna","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dinesh","middleName":"Dash","lastName":"Dash","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-04 08:23:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7288658/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7288658/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-026-04116-4","type":"published","date":"2026-03-25T16:10:40+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":94246231,"identity":"a5f9368e-1e3d-43f9-8383-a7ffd8a22005","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-24 05:35:18","extension":"json","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3820,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"10d460d443af416d84abdf0b397a1b43.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7288658/v1/04e591b451e47bac90d40a12.json"},{"id":105755134,"identity":"f916f6b3-d783-484b-9f2e-855807821136","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-30 16:25:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":737590,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Recharginganddatacollection.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7288658/v1_covered_d28578f5-bb4e-4a39-bd28-a1ffce5fdaa0.pdf"},{"id":94246230,"identity":"bedaed08-15ba-4793-a6cb-902056141685","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-24 05:35:17","extension":"zip","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":240479,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"biography.zip","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7288658/v1/29eb72b1e5e92d015eb119c2.zip"}],"financialInterests":"Competing interest reported. Funding:\nThis work is supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board, a statutory body of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India [Grant number: CRG/2023/001572]","formattedTitle":"A combined strategy of data collection and charge scheduling to maximize sensor lifetime in a WRSN","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-networks","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wine","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Networks](http://link.springer.com/journal/11276)","snPcode":"11276","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11276/3","title":"Wireless Networks","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Wireless Rechargeable Networks (W RNs), Dead Period, Mobile Vehicle (MV ), Data Gathering Schedule, Charging Schedule","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7288658/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7288658/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"In Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs), using a mobile vehicle fitted with finite capacity battery to refill the energy and simultaneously collect data from the sensor nodes is a challenging issue. In this paper, we employ a Mobile Vehicle (MV) in a WRSN and design its travelling path with the aims of reducing the dead periods of the sensor nodes and improving the data collection from the sensor nodes. We design a data gathering and charging schedule for a single MV to visit the low-energy sensor nodes to recharge them and collect their data. The MV also collects the data from the neighbouring sensor nodes which are within the communication range during travelling or charging. Simulations are conducted to show the usefulness of the scheme presented. The proposed method decreases the total dead period by 53.6% and 42% with respect to the two existing data gathering and charging schemes, NDCA and RECO respectively, and collects almost twice sensor data than these schemes.","manuscriptTitle":"A combined strategy of data collection and charge scheduling to maximize sensor lifetime in a WRSN","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-24 05:35:11","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7288658/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-01T09:33:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-12T14:21:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-08T05:54:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"183692802394365009504035083431998836583","date":"2025-10-14T00:49:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"236374433488790213701142762239853295455","date":"2025-10-11T18:09:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"200599503151027555045086448092492338954","date":"2025-10-11T17:58:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-11T17:53:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-07T11:46:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-09T08:52:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Wireless Networks","date":"2025-08-04T08:10:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-networks","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wine","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Networks](http://link.springer.com/journal/11276)","snPcode":"11276","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11276/3","title":"Wireless Networks","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"36036f87-22ec-43eb-9323-1ed72927cc56","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 24th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-30T16:18:28+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7288658","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-026-04116-4","journal":{"identity":"wireless-networks","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Wireless Networks"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-25 16:10:40","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 25th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-24 05:35:11","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11276-026-04116-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-026-04116-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7288658","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7288658","identity":"rs-7288658","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}