A Comprehensive Study on Diversity and Land Use of the Bird Species around Eco Park Area, Kolkata, West Bengal

Abstract In contemporary ecology, conservationists and researchers work to safeguard and maintain the diverse range of life on Earth, with biodiversity protection being a primary focus. Avian species fulfil a vital function within ecosystems, serving as significant indicators for evaluating the condition of habitats and identifying changes in the surrounding environment. The examination of avian species diversity across various habitats is of paramount importance in the understanding of ecological dynamics and the facilitation of conservation efforts. This study investigates the avian diversity and activity patterns across four distinct habitat types, including forestland, marshland, grassland, and water bodies. Through rarefaction analysis and visual representations, these ecosystems show notable differences in terms of species diversity and ecological characteristics. The findings confirm the fundamental importance of forests and wetlands in offering sustenance for diverse biological populations. The examination of clustering provided insight into the resource distribution and niche-occupation strategies used by bird families. The visual representation of bird activity highlights the capacity of avian communities to adapt and use resources and opportunities that are unique to their respective environments. This study underscores the significance of tailoring conservation initiatives to the unique ecological attributes of different habitats, hence promoting the conservation and ethical utilisation of avian species. Gaining insight into these patterns is necessary to make well-informed judgements on conservation initiatives and habitat management.